Tourism behaviour. Lecture 8

Transcription

1 Tourism behaviour Lecture 8

2 Tourism The processes, activities and outcomes arising from the relationships and the interactions among tourists, tourism suppliers, host communities, and surrounding environments that are involved in the attracting and hosting visitors.

3 Tourist Behaviour The study of why people buy the product they do and how they make their decision. Horner and Swarbrooke (1996) It is the process involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use or dispose products, services, ideas or experiences to satisfy their needs or wants. Solomon (1996) Those activities directly involved in obtaining, consuming and disposing products and services including the decision processes that precedes and follows these actions. Engel, Blackwell and Miniard (2001)

4 CHRONOLOGICAL GROWTH OF TOURISM

5 A desire to travel BC Olympic games began 2. Loud parties, sun bathing and leisure 3. Sightseeing, historical buildings 4. Dark age fall of roman empire 5. New born tourism in Europe Pilgrimage 6. Infrastructure development 7. Education tourism (paintings, buildings) 8. Grand tour in Italy (France, Holland, Germany, Austria and Switzerland) 9. Loving art, landscapes and monuments led to natural tourism 10. Thomas Cook came 11. Modern mass tourism EUROPE

6 1. Development of inns and taverns 2. Development of railway tracks 3. Growth of car ownership 4. Creation of roadside motels 5. Growth in number of visitors in nearby areas 6. Growth of amusement parks 7. Leisure shopping 8. Museums and live interpretations NORTH AMERICA

7 1. In 1960 the region received international arrivals, according to the World Tourism Organisation. 2. This figure has risen to 2.9 million in 1970 and more than 7 million by 1989 and ever increasing year after year. 3. Mexico has focused on beach and coach tour holidays, other countries in the region have pioneered new forms of tourism, notably eco tourism. CENTRAL AMERICA

8 In the 1920s and 1930s the two main regions which attracted foreign visitors, apart from Egypt were: Kenya, where the appeal was big game hunting. Morocco, which was a popular winter sun destination. After gaining their independence, many African countries sought to attract tourists to help develop their economies. Business and leisure tourism became the major tourism of Africa. AFRICA

9 The countries of the Middle East have a long history of involvement in the tourism industry, most notably in terms of religious tourism. This region is the most important pilgrimage destination in the world. MIDDLE EAST

10 Asia is a large continent which encompasses a wide variety of national tourism markets with very different characteristics In India, there is a strong tradition of domestic tourism of 2 types: a) Trips to hill stations during the hot summer months b) Visits to religious festivals Inbound tourism and package tours Across the region, special interest and beach based tourism are taking over from the travellers' of yesterday. ASIA

11 Think of reasons that leaded to the growth of tourism through the ages

12 Across the world The nature of tourism in different countries has been influenced by a myriad of factors including: 1. Climate 2. Geographical location 3. History 4. Language 5. The development of transport systems 6. Levels of economic development 7. The quality of landscapes and townscapes 8. Government policies towards tourism 9. The degree of economic and political stability

13 TOURIST BEHAVIOUR MODELS

14 Andreason model This model recognizes the importance of information in the consumer decision making process. It also emphasizes the importance of consumers attitudes although it fails to consider attitudes in relation to repeat purchase behaviour.

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16 Nicosia The model concentrates on the four different fields: 1. Field ONE ( 2two features) Organization s attempts to communicate with the consumer and the consumers predisposition to act in a certain way. 2. Field TWO Involves the consumer in a search evaluation process which is influenced by attitudes. 3. Field THREE The actual purchase process 4. Field FOUR the post purchases feedback process.

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18 The Howard Sheth model It highlights the importance of inputs to the consumer buying process and suggests ways in which the consumer orders these inputs before making a final decision.

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20 Stimulus response model Based on four interactive components, with the central component identified as buyer characteristic and decision process. Separated out motivators and determinants in the consumer buying behaviour. Emphasises the important effects that an organisation can have on the consumer buying process by the use of communication channels.

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22 Consumer decision making model Suggests two levels of factors which have an effect on the consumer. 1. The first level of influences is close to the person and include psychological influences such as perception and learning. 2. The second level of influences includes those which have been developed during the socialization process and include reference groups and family influences.

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