Advertising is the way a company, organization, or institution encourages its

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1 Advertising is the way a company, organization, or institution encourages its current or potential customers to buy or support its products, services, or ideas. The main goal of advertising is to get people to buy a product or support an idea by showing them the positive, rather than the negative aspects of what is being advertised. In most cases, advertisements are created by an identifiable sponsor and brought to the public through some kind of media like TV, newspapers, or the Internet. Advertisements have a huge impact on our daily lives because they are all around us. The companies that produce advertisements have great influence and even control over who we are as people. You don t believe it? Well, the next time you are out on the street, take a look around and count the number of advertisements you see or hear in five minutes. No one knows for sure exactly how many ads the typical person sees in a day, but estimates range from 250 to 2,000 and on up to 20,000 for some people. Advertising is typically done using signs, brochures, commercials, direct mailing, or messages, or through personal contact. Ads are ubiquitous* they re on television, on-line, on buses, in train cars, on the sides of buildings, on

2 sports scoreboards, and on billboards. In short, everywhere! The companies who pay to have advertisements displayed and broadcast can make a lot of money thanks to advertising. But when people buy advertisers and companies products, the negative impact of advertising is felt by society in many ways. Like most people, I don t think or admit that advertising really influences me. But deep down inside, I know that advertising has a very large impact on my life. I look at images in magazines and think Oh, that looks cool. Or see a picture of Kei Nishikori drinking something and think to myself, That drink will probably help me play tennis better, too. Although I try to think carefully about the things I buy, making the right choice can be difficult sometimes, because advertising messages are often very powerful. One technique I have used to avoid being taken in is to shop with a list. By writing down the things I really want and need before I leave my house, I can avoid being tempted by advertising. (Source: English Indicator 3, Nan un-do, 2016) ubiquitous* flowing occurring present future purpose subject cause barrier features changes terms charges proper ordinary independent possible depart increase decrease vary listened to exhibited sought after printed accept deny refuse admire questioned assisted manipulated counted approved surprised embarrassed influenced

3 According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true? Not only products but also ideas can be advertised. Negative aspects of products are included in an advertisement. Advertisers try to confuse people through their advertisements. The sponsors of advertisements are usually not mentioned. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true? The number of advertisements depends on the size of the company. You will see up to 250 advertisements when you are out on the street. Company advertisements can affect people s identity. There are at least 2,000 people who see ads every day. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is true? Companies no longer use direct mailing to advertise their products. Companies are prohibited from putting up signboards on buildings. There are few means to advertise in today s society. Companies increase profits through advertising. According to paragraphs 4 and 5, which of the following is true? The writer started playing tennis after seeing Kei Nishikori s advertisement. The writer tries not to buy any unnecessary things that he sees in ads. The writer sometimes takes a magazine with him when he goes shopping. Advertisements have little influence on the writer. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage? Creating an Effective Advertisement Protecting Ourselves from Negative Advertisements The Influence of Advertising in Our Lives Twenty Different Ways to Advertise

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7 Miho: I d prefer not to speak up in English in class. Steve: Why not? Do you feel nervous talking in front of everyone? Miho: Steve: Don t worry. You ll soon get used to it after two or three classes. The professor gives too much homework. It completely slipped my mind. Yes. I m ready to travel overseas. Yes. That s exactly how I feel. Kate: Mark, are you going to the football game on Sunday? Mark: No. Why? Are you going? Kate: Our school team is playing against the Osaka team, and it should be a really exciting game. Mark: Sorry, but I think I ll pass. Neither do I. For sure. That s great. No problem. Alice: So, what do you think of the new homeroom teacher? Kana: Alice: Kana: He seems like a nice person. Yeah? He plays soccer with us at lunchtime. What will he do? What did he say? Where is he from? What makes you say that?

8 Kevin: Tell me about your travel experience. Momoko: Kevin: Momoko: I ve been to 17 different countries. That s impressive! I do. It s one of my favorite things to do. Do you miss home? You must really like to travel. Did you really travel to 17 countries? Do your parents know about that? Shop assistant: Royal Cake Shop. How may I help you? Customer: Shop assistant: When would you like to pick it up? Customer: At noon on June 28. I d like to order a birthday cake. I d like to have a job interview. I d like to schedule a meeting. I d like to hold a baking seminar.