International Media Concentration Research Project

Transcription

1 International Media Concentration Research Project South Africa Petrus Potgieter Jabulani Nkuna George Angelopulo University of South Africa

2 TELECOMS (fixed line, by subscribers & owner)

3 TELECOMS (fixed line, by subscribers & owner) C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue 3,426 1,6 13,32 26,7 4,4 56,3

4 TELECOMS (fixed line, by subscribers & owner) C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue 3,426 1,6 13,32 26,7 4,4 56,3 TELKOM monopoly up to 28

5 TELECOMS (fixed line, by subscribers & owner) C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue 3,426 1,6 13,32 26,7 4,4 56,3 NEOTEL - new private operator enters market in 28 but rollout gradual, no effect on results to 28

6 TELECOMS (fixed line, by subscribers & owner) C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue 3,426 1,6 13,32 26,7 4,4 56,3 HIGHLY CONCENTRATED NO DIVERSITY

7 TELECOMS (mobile, by subscribers & owner)

8 TELECOMS (mobile, by subscribers & owner) C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue

9 TELECOMS (mobile, by subscribers & owner) 1993 GSM licenses to MTN & Vodacom C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue

10 TELECOMS (mobile, by subscribers & owner) 21 GSM license to Cell C C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue

11 TELECOMS (mobile, by subscribers & owner) 26 Virgin Mobile launches in a joint venture with Cell C C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue

12 TELECOMS (mobile, by subscribers & owner) 26 mobile number portability C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue

13 TELECOMS (mobile, by subscribers & owner) HIGHLY CONCENTRATED LOW WITH MODERATELY INCREASING DIVERSITY C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue

14 Television (by ad revenue & owner)

15 Television (by ad revenue & owner) C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue 397 1,44 1,65 3,6 5,577 9,965

16 Television (by ad revenue & owner) 1976 one of the last countries to introduce TV - state monopoly until 1986 C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue 397 1,44 1,65 3,6 5,577 9,965

17 Television (by ad revenue & owner) 1986 MNET 1 st subscription broadcaster launched C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue 397 1,44 1,65 3,6 5,577 9,965

18 Television (by ad revenue & owner) 1995 Multichoice, parent company of MNET launches DSTV subscription channels C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue 397 1,44 1,65 3,6 5,577 9,965

19 Television (by ad revenue & owner) 1998 ETV 1st private free to air television channel launched C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue 397 1,44 1,65 3,6 5,577 9,965

20 Television (by ad revenue & owner) 27 4 new broadcast licences awarded, none operational by 28 C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue 397 1,44 1,65 3,6 5,577 9,965

21 Television (by ad revenue & owner) HIGHLY CONCENTRATED LOW BUT INCREASING DIVERSITY C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% HHI Noam Revenue 397 1,44 1,65 3,6 5,577 9,965

22 Radio (by ad revenue & owner)

23 Radio (by ad revenue & owner) C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 94% 95% 96% HHI MOCDI Revenue ,225 1,929 3,345

24 Radio (by ad revenue & owner) st very limited competition to national broadcaster permitted C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 94% 95% 96% HHI Noam Revenue ,225 1,929 3,345

25 Radio (by ad revenue & owner) tier broadcasting system introduced: commercial, public & community C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 94% 95% 96% HHI Noam Revenue ,225 1,929 3,345

26 Radio (by ad revenue & owner) 1995 community radio stations launch C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 94% 95% 96% HHI Noam Revenue ,225 1,929 3,345

27 Radio (by ad revenue & owner) 1996 some public radio stations privatised C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 94% 95% 96% HHI Noam Revenue ,225 1,929 3,345

28 Radio (by ad revenue & owner) 1997 new privately owned stations launch C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 94% 95% 96% HHI Noam Revenue ,225 1,929 3,345

29 Radio (by ad revenue & owner) HIGHLY CONCENTRATED INITIAL INCREASE IN DIVERSITY NOW STAGNANT C4 1% 1% 1% 1% 94% 95% 96% HHI Noam Revenue ,225 1,929 3,345

30 Magazines (by ad revenue & owner)

31 Magazines (by ad revenue & owner) C4 27% 28% 27% 21% HHI Noam Revenue 921 1,194 1,637 2,617

32 Magazines (by ad revenue & owner) From the outset magazines in SA have operated in an open, competitive market 1 C4 27% 28% 27% 21% HHI Noam Revenue 921 1,194 1,637 2,617

33 Magazines (by ad revenue & owner) with some major players 1 C4 27% 28% 27% 21% HHI Noam Revenue 921 1,194 1,637 2,617

34 Magazines (by ad revenue & owner) UNCONCENTRATED GREAT AND INCREASING DIVERSITY 1 C4 27% 28% 27% 21% HHI Noam Revenue 921 1,194 1,637 2,617

35 Newspapers (by ad revenue & owner)

36 Newspapers (by ad revenue & owner) C4 96% 97% 94% 96% HHI Noam Revenue 1,816 2,391 3,687 6,44

37 Newspapers (by ad revenue & owner) From the outset newspapers have operated in an open, competitive market C4 96% 97% 94% 96% HHI Noam Revenue 1,816 2,391 3,687 6,44

38 Newspapers (by ad revenue & owner) with some dominant players C4 96% 97% 94% 96% HHI Noam Revenue 1,816 2,391 3,687 6,44

39 Newspapers (by ad revenue & owner) and repeated attempts by governments of the day to introduce their own mouthpiece C4 96% 97% 94% 96% HHI Noam Revenue 1,816 2,391 3,687 6,44

40 Newspapers (by ad revenue & owner) HIGHLY CONCENTRATED MODERATE DIVERSITY C4 96% 97% 94% 96% HHI Noam Revenue 1,816 2,391 3,687 6,44

41 Book Publishing (by title & owner)

42 Book Publishing (by title & owner) C4 55% 31% HHI Noam Revenue 1,91 3,532

43 Book Publishing (by title & owner) 5 3 Large, medium and small local and international publishers operate in the market. 1 C4 55% 31% HHI Noam Revenue 1,91 3,532

44 Book Publishing (by title & owner) 5 3 UNCONCENTRATED GREAT DIVERSITY 1 C4 55% 31% HHI Noam Revenue 1,91 3,532

45 South Africa George Angelopulo