Mapping Change in the Media & Journalism

Transcription

1 in the Media & Journalism A survey made by Gary Herman Keywords Associates Ltd With the support of the European Commission 1

2 The Project - Aims & Methods Identify where new jobs are being created, how the nature of employment relations is characterised and how media workers and journalists that evolve in these new jobs can be organised by carrying out a survey based on two test countries, Great Britain and France. It further seeks to inform affiliates of EFJ and EURO- MEI and to develop joint actions, recommendations on recruitment and representation in the media and journalism sector by organising a seminar for EFJ and EURO-MEI affiliates. 2

3 What do we Mean by Media? In practice there s an implied prefix: mass Means of communication that reach large numbers of people, such as television, newspapers, magazines or radio. (Collins English Dictionary) concerned with the production and distribution of information on a oneto-many basis (Market Definition in the Media Sector - Economic Issues, 2002) Involves information goods anything that can be digitised (Hal Varian, 1998) 3

4 The Media Industry - Processes Creating the technologies of production and distribution Using technology to produce 'information goods' Using technology to distribute 'information goods' 4

5 What do we Mean by Creative Industries? The culture industry: critique of US cultural imperialism & globalisation (Horkheimer & Adorno, 1944) Cultural industries local, regional and national response (Unesco, 1980) Contribution of arts to regional economies: museums and galleries, theatres and concerts, creative artists, community arts, the crafts, the screen industries, broadcasting, the art trade, publishing and the music industries (John Myerscough, 1988) Creative Nation (Labour Government, Australia, 1994); Creative Industries Task Force (Labour Government, UK 1997) 5

6 Industrial Classifications NACE: Nomenclature statistique des activités économiques dans la Communauté européenne (EU) UK SIC: Standard Industrial Classification (UK) NAICS: North American Industry Classification System (US) ISIC: International Standard Industrial Classification (UN) 6

7 Relevant NACE Classifications J INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION J61 - Telecommunications J58 - Publishing activities J Book publishing J Publishing of directories and mailing lists J Publishing of newspapers J Publishing of journals and periodicals J Other publishing activities J Publishing of computer games J Other software publishing J59 - Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities J Motion picture, video and television programme production activities J Motion picture, video and television programme post production activities J Motion picture, video and television programme distribution activities J Motion picture projection activities J Sound recording and music publishing activities J60 - Programming and broadcasting activities J Radio broadcasting J Television programming and broadcasting activities J62 - Computer programming, consultancy and related activities J Computer programming activities J Computer consultancy activities J Computer facilities management activities J Other information technology and computer service activities J63 - Information service activities J Data processing, hosting and related activities J Web portals J News agency activities J Other information service activities n.e.c. M PROFESSIONAL, SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES M73 - Advertising and market research M Advertising agencies M Media representation M Market research and public opinion polling M74 - Other professional, scientific and technical activities M Specialised design activities M Photographic activities M Translation and interpretation activities M Other professional, scientific and technical activities n.e.c. 7

8 Clusters Based on 2009 employment figures from the EU Cluster Observatory 8

9 France-UK Media Jobs Based on 2009 employment figures from the EU Cluster Observatory France - Media jobs by location (2009) UK - Media jobs by location (2009) Poitou-Charentes Basse-Normandie Haute-Normandie Champagne-Ardenne Bourgogne Auvergne Franche-Comté Picardie Limousin Corse Languedoc- Lorraine Alsace Roussillon Midi-Pyrénées Centre Aquitaine Bretagne Pays de la Loire Nord - Pas-de-Calais Provence-Alpes-Côte d'azur Rhone-Alpes Ile de France Dorse W Wales Cornw Tees t and and Highlands all The Valley Isles and of Northern Shrops Northumb and Lancashire Somerset Merseyside E Ireland Valleys Riding Devon Staffs N NE S Durham Scotland Yorks Scilly Cumbria Lincs Islands N Lincs Heref, Worcs Cheshire Tyne and Wear E and Wale s Warw s Inner London Essex Derbs Leics, and Rut Notts Kent and Northants Beds and Herts Hants and Isle of Wight SW Scotland E Scotland W Midlands Outer London E Anglia Greater Manchester Gloucs, Wilts Berk s, Bucks and Surrey, and N E and W W Yorks Som Oxon Sussex France - Media jobs by type (2009) UK - Media jobs by type (2009) Radio & TV Advertising Radio & TV Advertising Art & literature Art & literature Print & publishing Print & publishing 9

10 Profile of Creative Workers Ratio of % in creative to overall populations Source: Eurostat 2012 France UK % Women % Tertiary education % Non-employees/Part-time % Temporary employees % Homeworkers % With > 1 job Ratio of creatives to population % Women Profile of 'Creative Workers' % Tertiary education % Nonemployees/Parttime % Temporary employees % Homeworkers % With > 1 job 10

11 Distribution of Jobs Greater London South East (Oxford, Reading, Portsmouth, Southampton, Brighton) North West England (Carlisle, Lancaster, Preston, Greater Manchester, Merseyside) South West (Bristol, Swindon, Gloucester, Exeter, Plymouth) West Midlands (Birmingham, Stoke, Worcester, Hereford) Other (please specify) Ile-de-France (Paris) Rhône-Alpes (Lyon) Provence-Alpes/Côte d'azure Nord Pas de Calais (Lille) Pays de la Loire (Nantes) Bretagne (Rennes) Aquitaine (Bordeaux) Centre Midi-Pyrénées Languedoc-Rousillon (Montpellier) Poitou-Charentes Champagne-Ardenne Haute-Normandie (Rouen) UK - Media jobs by location (2009) W Wales Cornw Tees and Highlands all The Valley Isles and of Dors et and Northern Shrops Northumb and Lancashire Somerset Merseyside E Ireland Valleys Riding Devon Staffs N NE S Scotland Durham Yorks Scilly Cumbria Lincs Islands N Lincs Tyne Heref, and Worcs Cheshire Wear E and Wale s Warw s Essex Derbs Leics, and Rut Notts Kent and Northants Beds and Herts Hants and Isle of Wight SW Scotland E Scotland W Midlands E Anglia Greater Manchester Gloucs, Wilts Surrey, and N E and W W Yorks Som Sussex Bretagne Pays de la Loire Nord - Pas-de-Calais Inner London Outer London Berks, Buck s and Oxon France - Media jobs by location (2009) Poitou-Charentes Basse-Norm Haute-Norm Champagne-Ardenne Bourgogne Auvergne Franche-Comté Picardie Limousin Corse andie andie Languedoc- Lorraine Alsace Roussillon Midi-Pyrénées Centre Aquitaine Ile de France Provence-Alpes-Côte d'azur Rhone-Alpes 11

12 Freelance Respondents Job Status France UK 12 % Full-time Staff Part-time staff Freelance (casual/pigiste) Contractor Employer/owner Retired/Unemployed/student

13 What Media do you Work In? 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% France UK 13 Print TV Radio Online (websites) Online (apps) Online (games) CD, DVD etc (music) CD, DVD etc (video) CD, DVD etc (games) Film or digital film Other (please specify)

14 Mapping Media to EU categories EU Cluster Figures 2009 EFJ-Euro-MEI Survey Figures , , , , ,000 Advertising Print&Pub Radio&TV Advertising Print&Pub Radio&TV 100, , France UK 0 France UK 14

15 What People Actually Do 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Écrit ure (feat Réd actio n ou Phot ogra phie, Enre gistr eme Gest ion de Vidé ogra phie, Dire ction Autr es (veuil Mise en scèn France % 7.9% 6.5% 6.5% 5.8% 5.8% 5.0% 5.0% 2.9% 1.4% 0.7% 0.0% UK % % 5.8% 9.4% 7.6% 6.1% 7.6% 4.1% 2.0% No Fr No UK Com man de Mark eting de Enc odag e, Jour nalis me Desi gn ou Perf orma nce Mark eting ou Servi ces anne Assi stant ou Com posit ion

16 Age and Gender Votre tranche d âge? Votre sexe? Féminin Masculin Transgenres Please select your age-group. Select your sex Female Male Transgender 16

17 Union Membership & Average Pay BECTU NUJ NONE ,000 10,001-25,000 25,001-40,000 40,001-55,000 55,001+ I do not wish to answer this question SNRT-CGT SNJ SNJ-CGT AUCUN 0.00 jusqu à 10,000 10,000-25,000 25,000-40,000 40,000-55,000 55,000+ Je ne veux pas répondre à cette question. 17

18 Conclusions The media industries in France and the UK are highly centralised and concentrated in and around the capitals France has a smaller media sector - more centralised than the UK, with some exceptions Larger French media companies are horizontally integrated & tend to be more aggressively globalising Analysis is difficult because of different ways of classifying and measuring the media industries within the UK, France and the EU Successive French governments have been active in promoting cluster development but less committed to the creative industries UK cluster development is sporadic and dominated by regional authorities French tax law has played a major role in developing certain new media activities; market philosophy means the UK lags behind UK media workers more experienced in new media areas than their French counterparts change is happening faster in the UK Media workers in both France and the UK work on average in 2.5 different task areas in every job The penetration of freelance workers in the media is probably twice or three times the conventionally held estimates Social media and marketing within the media are more highly developed in the UK than in France High proportion of media workers in both the UK and France (33% according to the survey) work on websites for part of the time Union membership in France as a whole is comparatively low, media unions tend to concentrate on small number of major employers Non-union workers tend to be paid less within the media, particularly at the lower end of the pay scale Non-union workers tend to be younger and have worked for less time in the media. In other respects, their work situations are similar In the UK, non-union workers are more likely to be highly educated than unionised workers; in France less likely In the UK, non-union workers are more likely to be employees than freelances; in France, more likely to be freelance or pigiste In both countries, non-union workers are more likely to work for smaller private sector companies than unionised workers Between a third and a half of non-unionised media workers in the UK and France would join a union if they needed help or were approached and asked to join Most unionised media workers join unions because they believe in the or in order to improve wages or working conditions Work-related training is common in the UK and France most provided by employers or clients in the UK, by the state in France Most media workers in the UK and France believe the internet has had 'an enormous' impact on their work or professional life 18