Reaping the benefits of digital technologies: Links to a comprehensive review of the agricultural innovation system in China

Transcription

1 Reaping the benefits of digital technologies: Links to a comprehensive review of the agricultural innovation system in China ATPC-OECD-ICTSD-FAO Workshop Nanjing, 24 October 2018 Shingo Kimura, OECD Silvia Sorescu, OECD

2 Reaping the benefits from digital technologies: Links to AIS Digital technologies Vision for digitalisation in agriculture and food systems Design and functioning of Agricultural Innovation Systems (AIS) Productivity Sustainability

3 3 Digital technologies in agriculture: mapping of on-going OECD work Insights from agri-environmental policies survey on the use of digital technologies in the OECD area by agencies responsible for designing, implementing and monitoring agri-environmental policies preliminary analysis of the regulatory environment to enable the use of digital technologies in the agriculture sector; potential barriers to the efficient functioning of a data infrastructure - all the stages from the creation to the transfer, storage and analysis of data from agriculture Digital opportunities for trade in agriculture and food exploring ways in which digital technologies can support trade in the agriculture and food global value chains, in particular in relation to market access, traceability and trade facilitation Trade and Agriculture Directorate Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

4 4 Digital technologies in agriculture: first insights based on discussions at the OECD Global Forum on Agriculture (May 2018) The food and agriculture system has specificities that make digital technologies particularly interesting and challenging There are different types of impediments to adoption of digital technologies at the farm level Issues related to data ownership, access, use, quality, and trust... but the digital age is not only about data, also about algorithms What will it mean for the structure and continued development of the food and agriculture systems? Governments need to find new ways for policy making in the digital age Need for skills and shared vision for the best use of digital technologies Trade and Agriculture Directorate Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

5 5 Digital technologies and AIS OECD Agriculture Ministerial Meeting 2016 prioritise work on innovation policies and systems that include basic and applied scientific research & development; technology adaptation, transfer and adoption as well as work on open data and knowledge and technology sharing G20 Meeting of Agriculture Ministers 2018 highlight the importance of both encouraging the use of innovative agricultural practices and technologies that improve the productivity and sustainability of agriculture, as well as efficiently bringing such innovations to farmers and the global marketplace [ ] Contribute to provide farmers around the world, especially the rural youth, with greater access to the full range of tools and technologies available, while creating quality employment opportunities Framework for assessing agricultural innovation since 2012 in response to a G20 request Trade and Agriculture Directorate Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

6 6 Innovation widely defined is key The two sides of the coin it pushes out the production possibility frontier (innovators): Large returns to R&D, especially when accompanied with extension, but long time lags for basic research Better farm management practices to move closer to the frontier (followers) Need to look at comprehensive set of factors influencing innovation, sustainability and productivity Trade and Agriculture Directorate Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

7 7 OECD Framework to analyse policy for Innovation in Agriculture Trade and Agriculture Directorate Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

8 OECD published a comprehensive review of policy in China 1. Enhancing incentives for private investment in agriculture 2. Improving the framework conditions for structural change and innovation at the farm level 3. Improving the environmental performance of agriculture 4. Rebalancing agricultural policy towards long-term productivity and sustainability 5. Strengthening China s Agricultural Innovation System

9 Public agricultural R&D should concentrate more on the precompetitive area of research R&D expenditure by research area and funding source, 2013 Source: China Statistical Yearbook on Science and Technology and China Agricultural Science and Technology Statistics,

10 Achievements and recommendations for strengthening the agricultural innovation system Achievement Established the world largest and most decentralised public agricultural R&D system Further reform direction Focus public R&D on areas of public interest and on areas where the private sector would under-invest More coordination between public agricultural R&D institutions to avoid duplication of research effort Collaboration between public R&D institutions and private sector Commercialisation of extension activities Improvement of general educational attainment of rural youth Increase the role of private R&D investment through more effective enforcement of IPR protection, transparent biosafety regulation, less restriction on FDI and privatization of public R&D institutions. Increase the role of public extension system in non-commercial area such as promoting sustainable production practice Increase vocational training opportunities and develop the broad skill sets Source: China Statistical Yearbook on Science and Technology and China Agricultural Science and Technology Statistics,

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