Seed Systems and Varietal Adop2on Behaviour of Wheat Farmers in Kenya

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1 Seed Systems and Varietal Adop2on Behaviour of Wheat Farmers in Kenya Gichangi 1*, P. Njau 1, S. Bhavani 2, R. Wanyera 1, L. Karani 1, G. Kamau, and M. Gethi 1 * Contact Person wanjugu67@gmail.com 1 Kenya Agricultural Research Ins2tute 2 CIMMYT

2 Kenya s wheat production statistics Ø Second most important crop after maize Ø Production Ø Area 350,000 MT 157,000 HA Ø Consumption 950,000 MT Ø Imports 600,000 MT

3 Produc2on Structure Small scale & Large Scale Ø Small scale (2.5ha - 10ha) 80% of the wheat farmers Tradi4onal and inefficient Average Yield 2.5t/ ha Contribute - 20% of na4onal produc4on Ø Large scale: (> 10ha) 20% of the wheat farmers Advanced Technology and efficient Average Yield 4-6t/ha Figure 1: Wheat growing Regions of Kenya Courtesy: Nasirembe Contribute - 80% of the na4onal produc4on

4 Seed Mul2plica2on Quality Control Processing Storage Cer2fica2on AUer all this what next???????? Ø Dissemina2on and Adop2on Kenya Wheat Seed System

5 Problem & Objec2ve Over the last decade, millions of Dollars have been invested in the development of new wheat varie4es, yet there is a profound adop4on gap par4cularly among smallholder farmers. Iden4fy factors Influencing adop4on of the improved wheat varie4es in Kenya

6 Farmers adoption behaviour Varietal Release Time Lag Varietal Adoption Acreage planted with four varieties within 4 years

7 Factors Influencing Adop2on Demographic characteris4cs of the farmers Price of inputs and Accessibility Own output price Out put prices for other compe4ng commodi4es Lack of contractual agreements Lack of Informa4on Poor dissemina4on and adop4on pathways

8 Factors Influencing Adoption of Improved wheat varieties by farmers Variables Coefficient Standard Error T-statistics Constant *** Mean Value Age Sex Marital Status Farming Experience *** Education *** No. Extension Visit *

9 Wheat grain/seed market structure Line of equality Lorenz curve

10 Contractual Agreements Frequency Percent Cumula2ve Percent None oral gentleman agreement Total Specifica2on of the Produc2on Contract Frequency Percent Cumula2ve Percent None specifies product quan4ty Total

11 Figure 8: Farmer sources of informa2on on new seed varie2es

12 Constraints Faced by small scale farmers in wheat farming Poor road infrastructure & post handling

13 Sources of seed for farmers Ø New varie2es were more likely to be used by large scale farmers Ø Farmers were the major source of seed for over half of wheat producers in Kenya 3% 6% 24% 67% Ø KSU & Kenya seed were also a major sources of seed Other farmers KSCo) KARI (KSU) others

14 Dissemina2on & Adop2on The emerging declining trends of wheat yield necessitated dissemination and early adoption of new varieties Ø Dissemina4on Sensitization workshops Shows Field days Demonstrations Ø Early adop4on Study Surveys Focus group discussions

15 Conclusion Ø Educated farmers have a higher probability of adop4ng new wheat varie4es Ø The introduc4on of new wheat varie4es should target farmers with ample wheat farming experience Ø No contractual arrangements Ø Wheat grain and seed trade tend to monopoly Ø Risk Averse farmers will not adopt a variety un4l they see results from other farmers

16 Conclusion Ø New varie4es are more likely to be used by large scale farmers Ø Farmers were the source of seed for over half of wheat producers in Kenya Ø Kenya seed was also a major source of seed Ø Farmers cited the high cost of seed and limited availability as a factor hindering varietal change

17 Recommendations Ø Create awareness and enhance access to quality seeds Ø Enhance collective action Ø Farmer groups should be trained on seed multiplication Ø A comprehensive survey and sensitization workshops to be done

18 Director KARI Acknowledgements Center Director KARI-Njoro DRRW Project MoA, NGOs, and other stakeholders BGRI Technical Workshop Organizers

19 THANK YOU Improved seed= Improved yields=improve income and food security