FACTORS INFLUENCING SMALLHOLDER DAIRY FARMERS CHOICE OF MILK MARKETING OUTLET IN KIPKAREN DIVISION OF NANDI COUNTY, KENYA AJWANG.O.

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1 FACTORS INFLUENCING SMALLHOLDER DAIRY FARMERS CHOICE OF MILK MARKETING OUTLET IN KIPKAREN DIVISION OF NANDI COUNTY, KENYA AJWANG.O. FREDRICK A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment for the Award of the Requirements of the Master of Science Degree in Community Studies and Extension of Egerton University EGERTON UNIVERSITY SEPTEMBER, 2014

2 DECLARATION AND RECOMMENDATION DECLARATION This is my original work and to the best of my knowledge, it has not been presented to this or any other institution for award of any degree. Signature. Date.. Fredrick.O. Ajwang EM21/2317/09 RECOMMENDATION This work has been submitted with our approval as University Supervisors. Signature Date Dr. Susan Muthoni Kamuru (PhD.) Department of Applied Community Development Studies Egerton University Signature Date.. Dr. Catherine (PhD Ng endo.) Munyua Department of Applied Community Development Studies Egerton University ii

3 DEDICATION To my late sister, Leah Elizabeth Awino; To live in hearts we leave behind is not to die. iv

4 ABSTRACT Dairy farming is an important industry in Kenya with an estimated value of Ksh 160 billion and supporting over 1 million households. Commercial smallholder dairy farmers number over one million and produce about 80% of marketed milk in the country. However, the smallholder dairy farmers have had to contend with ups and down in the industry since its liberalization and collapse and revival of the then Kenya Cooperative Creameries (KCC) in 1990s. However, the factors that Influence smallholder dairy farmers in Kipkaren division to choos another had not been known There by making this study necessary. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that influence smallholder dairy farmers of milkchoicemarketingoutlet in Kipkaren division. It is hoped that the findings of the study will improve policy makers understanding of factors that influence smallholder dairy farmers choiceofmilk marketing outlet and serve as a tool to improve the milk marketing system in Kenya. Survey research design was employed in the study with the study area being Kipkaren division of Nandi County. The population of study was made up of smallholder dairy farmers in Kipkaren division who practiced mixed farming. Proportional stratified sampling was employed to determine the number of household heads to be interviewed per location while simple random sampling was used during the actual interview in the field to identify households to be interviewed. The study sample size comprised of 185 household heads and a semi-structured interview schedule was used as the data collection instrument. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data with chi-square test used to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The findings from the study indicate that the amount of milk produced, the state of the road infrastructure, the services offered by the milk chilling plants and ownership of appropriate means of transport influenced the smallholder dairy farmers choice of milk marketing outlet in Kipkaren division. In contrast, the mode of milk payment in urban and rural centres was found to have no influence on the smallholder dairy farmers choice of milkthestudymarket concludes that smallholder dairy farmers are not just looking for milk price but also, a market outlet offering other services such as credit and inputs. The study recommends that there is need for government support of the dairy marketing groups through capacity building by offering trainings as well as support the groups in contracts enforcement.

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION AND RECOMMENDATION...ii COPYRIGHT...iii DEDICATION...iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...v ABSTRACT...vi LISTS OF TABLES...x LIST OF FIGURES...xi ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS...xii CHAPTER ONE...1 INTRODUCTION Background Information Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Study Objectives of the study Hypotheses of the Study Significance of the Study Scope of the Study Assumptions of the Study Limitation of the Study Definition of Terms...6 CHAPTER TWO...8 LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction Dairy Industry in Kenya: Historical Perspective Pre independence period Post-independence period Liberalization and beyond Influence of Road Infrastructure on Milk Market Choice Influence of Ownership of Means of milk Transport on Choice of Marketing Outlet Farmer Marketing Groups History of cooperatives in Kenya The dairy marketing groups Services offered by the milk chilling plants Urban Centers Consumers Buying Behavior Amount of Milk and Market Choice Theoretical framework Conceptual Framework...21

6 vii CHAPTER THREE...24 STUDY RESEARCH METHODS Introduction Research Design The Study Area Population of Study Sampling Procedure and Sample Size Instrumentation Validity Reliability Data Collection Data Analysis...29 CHAPTER FOUR...33 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Introduction Objective One: Socio-economic Characteristics of the Respondents Smallholder dairy farmers milk marketing outlets in Kipkaren division Objective Two: Relationship between Market Choice and Amount of Milk Produced Milk market choice with current milk production Milk market outlet with increased milk production in Kipkaren division Milk marketing outlet with reduced milk production Objective Three: Relationship between Road Status and Choice of Milk Market Outlet Type of feeder roads in Kipkaren division Influence of state of road on the Kipkaren division smallholder farmers choice of milk marketing outlet Objective Four: Influence of Means of Milk Transport to the Choice of Milk Market Outlet Percentage of farmers who owned means of transport The most preferred means of transport to the market Objective Five: Influence of the Services of Milk Chilling Plant to Choice of Milk Market Outlet in Kipkaren Division Existing milk chilling plants in Kipkaren division Objective Six: Influence of Mode of Milk Payment to Choice of Milk Marketing Outlet in Kipkaren Division The nearest urban centre to Kipkaren division The factors motivating the smallholder dairy farmers to sell their milk to urban centres. 57 viii

7 CHAPTER FIVE...60 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Introduction Summary Conclusion Recommendations Policy Recommendations Areas for further research...64 REFERENCES...65 APPENDICES...71 Appendix 1: Questionnaire...71 Appendix 2: Proposal Approval...78 Appendix 3: Fieldwork Approval...79 Appendix 4: Scholarship Letter...80 Appendix 5: Research Authorisation...81 Appendix 6: Thesis Submission...82 ix

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