DUCK VALUE CHAIN IN COASTAL AND HAOR AREAS OF BANGLADESH

Transcription

1 DUCK VALUE CHAIN IN COASTAL AND HAOR AREAS OF BANGLADESH Dr. Mohammed Habibur Rahman Professor Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Banglades 15 JUNE 2013

2 WHY DUCK VALUE CHAIN? It associated with marginalized women, producers and Haor and coastal inhabitants exposed to natural vulnerability and geographic remoteness. Lower-income rural households generally receive smaller absolute gains from the duck value chain than others do, the relative benefits to them are greater. Duck is a pro-poor policy instrument, where the marginal effect of improving duck supply conditions will disproportionately benefit the majority of a country s rural poor. Page 2

3 DUCK IN BANGLADESH

4 DUCK PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH All the commercial poultry is predominantly chicken as the ducks in Bangladesh are still kept in traditional scavenging system Number of ducks (millions) Y e a r s Sources: Department of Livestock Services Page 4

5 DEMAND-SUPPLY FACTS Total Demand (National) millions Total Supply (National) millions No. of major hubs for duck trading in Bangladesh 2 Total supply of duck eggs from Haor 58 millions Haor contribution to total national supply (in %) Total supply of duck eggs from coastal region 0 millions Coastal contribution to total national supply (in %) 0 Sources: DLS and Value Chain Study, 2013 Page 5

6 EXPLORING THE GAMM (GENDERED AND ADPATED MARKET MAP)

7 ACTORS IN DUCK VALUE CHAIN Function Name of Actor Hatchery Duckling Trader/Hatchery Agents INPUT SUPPLY FARMING AND EGG PRODUCTION EGG TRADING Pullet Trader Feed Seller Vaccine Provider Medicine Supplier Duck Producer/farmers Egg Collector (Small Trader) Wholesaler (Large Trader) Retailer (Grocery Shop Owner) Hotel/Restaurant Page 7

8 HATCHERY Poor Hatchery Management Demand is higher than supply Operation in full for only three months in a year The hatchery owners work along with his family members No Hatchery in Coastal area 04 hatcheries in the Haor study areas, 2 in Nikhli, kishoreganj and 2 in Jamalganj, Sunamganj 22 hatcheries found in Dirai upazila under Sunamganj district Page 8

9 FARMING IN PRACTICE Commercial approach of duck farming is not significant Large-scale producers who own above 100 ducks found 7 farms in Jamalganj, 5 farm in Nikli and 12 farms in Astagram. 20% of Medium-scale producers (own ducks) hatch egg by themselves 90% of small-scale producers (own 8-25 ducks) hatch egg by themselves More than 70 percent CBOs are smallholder producers. Page 9

10 FARMING IN PRACTICE: HOUSING Poor housing management Housing made of wood, bamboo or straw; plastic or polythene sheets under the thatched roof At daytime, ducks are kept on household yards within net fencing Page 10

11 FARMING IN PRACTICE: FEEDING Home-made mixed feed Semi-scavenging Page 11

12 FARMING IN PRACTICE: EGG PRODUCTION Ducks start laying eggs from the age of 6 months Follow a Four-Two-Four-Two pattern eggs are collected daily from a house containing 20 ducks. Page 12

13 PROFITABILITY OF DUCK PRODUCERS: HAOR AREA Description Amount (BDT) Eggs Ducklings Pullets Acquiring Eggs/ducklings/pullet 800 2,500 30,000 Feed 92,400 92,400 50,400 Vaccination 1,200 1, Medication and treatment Housing 1,000 1,000 1,000 Total cost incurred 95,580 97,280 82,120 - Earning from eggs (Average 150 eggs per 1,12,500 1,12,500 1,12,500 year per duck) Total Profit 16,920 15,220 30,380 Page 13

14 PROFITABILITY OF DUCK PRODUCERS: COASTAL AREA Amount (BDT) Description Eggs Ducklings Pullets Acquiring Eggs/ducklings/pullet 800 2,500 30,000 Feed 64,350 64,350 35,100 Vaccination 1,000 1, Medication and treatment Housing Total cost incurred 66,800 68,500 66,350 Total Earning from eggs (Average 100 eggs per year per duck) Total Profit 80,000 80,000 80,000 13,200 11,500 13,650 Page 14

15 PROFITABILITY Gross profit varies from village to village, from farmer to farmer and from time to time, according to the price variation and different production rates The average normal laying rate among the ducks is one egg in 2.5 days When weather, environment and feeding are favorable, the laying rate can be as high as 90% Page 15

16 EGG TRADING Duck farmers in the Haor and Costal areas mostly sell eggs to: Small Scale Producer: Egg collector Restaurants Grocery shops Neighbors' Medium and Large Scale Producer: Egg collector Egg Trader/wholesaler Page 16

17 FEED AND MEDICINE SELLER Poultry feed sellers usually sources of duck feed (which basically poultry feed). Ingredients to prepare feeds are purchased from local rice/husk sellers or neighbours. Snails are primarily sourced through personal efforts from the river or pond sides. Vaccines are main source of Department of Livestock Services Cool chain is not properly maintained by producers and LSP while carrying Medicines sourced from pharmaceutical shops. Page 17

18 WOMEN IN DUCK FARMING Input Purchase Generally Women are generally forbidden to go markets for purchasing inputs Exception two cases: Women who do not have males in their households move to market place husbands are engaged in other labor works Feed Collection Women in Haors collect snails half weekly whereas in the southern coastal in daily basis. Page 18

19 WOMEN IN DUCK FARMING Feeding and Feed Preparation Household women spend about 20 minutes in each duck feed preparation Women take ducklings to water bodies twice a day in summer and once in winter Women are familiar with semiscavenging feeding system and also to ensure that ducklings do not get lost from the site. Page 19

20 WOMEN IN DUCK FARMING Egg Collection Collecting the eggs every morning, cleaning the eggs and setting the eggs in a basket or bowl filled with rice Egg Trading Egg collectors are the immediate sales contact for women who visit door to door, collect eggs, and pay the price accordingly. Acquiring Services Women duck producers play the major role in acquiring the vaccination and treatment services from LSPs or ULOs. Page 20

21 SUPPORT SERVICE FUNCTIONS Service Type Service Service Provider Embedded Service Transactional Service Public Benefit Service Information on duck farming and egg production Market Information Transportation Organizational Strengthening Financial Research and Development Hatcheries Feed Seller Medication Provider- ULO, Quack, Medicine Supplier Vaccination Provider- ULO, LSP DLS NGO Neighbour duck producer Neighbour ULS Egg Collector, Egg Trader Van puller, Boat driver NGOs Government MFIs, Banks BLRI, BAU Page 21

22 DIS(ENABLING) ENVIRONMENT Land and property rights Available water bodies but duck farmers do not have access to water bodies Rice farmers do not allow ducks scavenging in their fields Women have no access or control over land and water bodies Natural resources and environment Government rules and policies Smallholders not represented in market committees, sub-district level decision making bodies, chambers of commerce and traders' association Govt. policy on agriculture responsive to smallholders and women's representation but not implemented Specific policy to promote growth of duck sub-sector absent Page 22

23 DIS(ENABLING) ENVIRONMENT Competition and consumer trends There is not a established market for duck and duck related products Market opportunity for duck feather can be explored Demand is higher for chicken than duck Market demand for duck eggs and ducks exist Page 23

24 IMPACT OF CLIMATE IN DUCK VALUE CHAIN Haor Area Decline supply of feed Food Insecurity High Disease Incident High Death Incident Eggs selling gets troubled when flood occurs Coastal Area Flood Drought Rainfall Cyclone and Tidal Surge Salinity Page 24

25 KEY CONSTRAINTS IN DUCK VALUE CHAIN

26 AT INPUT SERVICE LEVEL Unavailability of duck feed causes nutrition deficiency for ducks resulting in lower egg production in both Haor and coastal areas Unavailability of Hatchery leads to scarcity of duckling supply in coastal areas Lack of fertile egg supply to hatchery and improper hatchery management leads to high duckling mortality rate in hatchery; as a results supply becomes scarce in Haor area Inappropriate transportation of duckling causes random early death Page 26

27 AT FARM LEVEL Improper male-female ratio in duck farming causes economic losses while hatching at home Lack of knowledge on housing management leads to higher risk of transmittable diseases causing death events of ducks Lack of knowledge on proper feeding management causes production inefficiency that leads to lower income for duck producers Lack of knowledge on proper feeding management causes production inefficiency that leads to lower income for duck producers Page 27

28 AT MARKET AND SERVICE LEVEL Micro scale duck farming results in limited egg production results in poor market access forcing to sale at farm-gate Lack of quality management of vaccines causes unproductive vaccination that eventually leads to casualty of duck health Poor technical knowledge of Local Service Providers leads to inappropriate service delivery for duck farming results in high mortality Page 28

29 WOMEN ECONOMIC LEADERSHIP Lack of access to finance by women duck producers hampers farm growth potential o Women lack the knowledge on loan procurement system o Collateral Page 29

30 (DIS) ENABLING ENVIRONMENT Lack of open feeding source & shortage of housing space during Seasonal & flush flood in Haor areas prevents farmers in getting full potential from duck farming Lack of effective breeding policy in duck value chain leads to genetic decomposition of the native varieties Dispute over water body ownership restricts access for duck rearing during flood time in Haor areas Toxicity from applied pesticide in crop fields causes death to scavenging ducks in coastal areas Page 30

31 OPPORTUNITIES IN DUCK VALUE CHAIN

32 VALUE ADDITION SCOPES Promoting women s engagement in feed selling Developing duck/egg traders within the producer groups to ensure better price for duck producers Introducing floating shed/housing for duck farming particularly in Haor area Page 32

33 POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS TO DEVELOP DUCK VALUE CHAIN

34 POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS Probable Intervention Probable Partner Developing of a duck hatchery in coastal area Potential entrepreneurs, FIs, MFIs, DLS Capacity building of hatchery owners on hatchery management in Haor area DLS, Large Duck Farms Capacity building of women producers on duck rearing & farm management in Haor and Coastal areas Developing egg collectors/trader within CBOs in Coastal areas CBOs, Hatcheries, DLS, Private Input Companies CBO members, Egg and Duck traders, Hatcheries Page 34

35 POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS Probable Intervention Probable Partner Capacity building of LSPs in Haor and Coastal areas CBOs, DLS, Lead LSPs, PNGOs Increase access to low interest credit facilities for achieving farm growth MFIs, FIs Page 35

36 ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE, DISASTER & RISK REDUCTION AND ADVOCACY

37 POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS Probable Intervention Introduction of floating houses to ensure safe shelters for ducks during flood period Probable Partner BAU, CBOs, DLS, Private plastic goods manufacturing companies Promoting judicious usage of pesticides and appropriate marking of toxic crop field in coastal area Union Parishad, CBOs, PNGOs, Lead Farmers Advocacy for institutional strengthening of the Department of Livestock for deployment of adequately trained technical human resources in Haor and coastal areas for improved service delivery DLS, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Development of specific breeding policy (and ensure implementation thereof) in consultation with scientists, national planners, relevant government officials and development workers to avoid decomposition of genetic characteristics of indigenous duck species Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, BAU, BLRI, Ministry of Planning & Development, PNGOs, CBOs Advocacy for accessing water bodies for duck rearing Union Parishad, PNGOs, CBO members and Community Leaders Page 37

38 WHAT MAKES DUCK VALUE CHAIN WORK?

39 ROAD TO SUCCESS Clear benefits for both parties; farmers look for high prices and a guaranteed market, buyers look for low prices and a reliable supply Appropriate means of governance A platform for open exchange of information Page 39

40 THANK YOU!!!