Right for you SEED TREATMENT INOCULANT

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1 Right for you SEED TREATMENT INOCULANT SEED TREATMENT INOCULANT UFA.com/Crop 2019 Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide B

2 Table of Contents SEED TREATMENT 1 Yield Management 2 Seed Treatments Getting crops off to a good start 4 Cereal Seed Treatment Comparison Seed- and soil-borne disease control 6 Insect plus seed- and soil-borne disease 8 Pulse Seed Treatment Comparison Seed- and soil-borne disease control 10 Insect plus seed- and soil-borne disease 12 Insecticide only 12 Your best bet against Pea Leaf Weevil damage 14 Compatibility Chart 16 Essential nutrients Giving nature a hand 18 INOCULANT 21 Liquid, granular or peat The inoculant decision 22 BASF Nodulator XL Peat and Liquid 24 Nodulator Duo SCG 25 Inoculant handling and storage - Best practices 26 Acceleron BioAg TagTeam Liquid, Peat and LCO 27 QuickRoots and JumpStart 28 Seeding rate It s a new era of targeting 30 Seed Treatment & Inoculant Planning Charts 32 * Front cover photo: Customer Account Manager, Russell Nail, Strathmore, AB at Wintering Hills Colony UFA member since 2000.

3 Seed Treatment SEED TREATMENT Photo courtesy of AGI Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide 01

4 Yield Management To get the most out of your crop to optimize yield production and management practices need to be firing on all cylinders. It s not any single measure that makes the difference; it is paying attention to several details that will contribute to maximizing yield and quality of the crop. Pay attention to timing, in most cases seeding early is better and aim to get that seed placed into a firm, moist seedbed. Start with good quality, high germination-tested seed and of course use seed that s protected by proper seed treatment products, says Sheldon Budzak, a UFA Customer Account Manager (CAM) based in Westlock, AB. Getting those seedlings emerging quickly and healthy produces a vigorous and even crop stand. Along with an effective weed control program, crop diseases and pests are two major crop challenges that can largely be controlled through proper management, says Tyler Damen, a CAM based in Strathmore, AB. Extend crop rotations as much as possible to reduce disease pressure. With very tight canola rotations, for example, scout canola stubble fields in the fall for signs of blackleg. If blackleg Start with good quality, high germinationtested seed and of course use seed that s protected by proper seed treatment products. Sheldon Budzak UFA Customer Account Manager (CAM), Westlock, AB is present consider using another crop in rotation the following year or be prepared to select blackleg resistant varieties as well as treat with fungicide as needed. Proper seeding rate to achieve the optimum plant stand is crucial, says Damen. Seed size and weight can vary widely from seed batch to seed batch. And he also urges producers to think about the type of opener and row spacing being used on seeding equipment. For example, with a single shoot system set on 12 inch spacing, using a lot of seed and usually some amount of the fertilizer blend results in it being concentrated in a very narrow band Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide

5 It will vary from farm to farm and region to region, but producers also need to be thinking about optimum seed bed utilization, says Damen. Achieving optimum crop performance may be enhanced by a double or triple shoot banding system that distributes seeds and inputs over a wider area of the seed bed. It will vary from farm to farm and region to region, but producers also need to be thinking about optimum seed bed utilization. Tyler Damen UFA Customer Account Manager (CAM), Strathmore, AB SEED TREATMENT Pay attention to features of different crop varieties, adds Charlene Hannotte, a CAM based in Grande Prairie, AB. Disease can be a consistent challenge to most crops. Along with using effective seed treatments, watch for and select varieties with improved disease resistance. And when selecting varieties also take note of days to maturity. Depending on the growing season and in areas prone to the early risk of frost, rather than opt for a favoured variety that may be later maturing, look for newer earlier maturing varieties that can help the crop avoid those killing temperatures. Maturing a few days or week earlier can make a huge difference in optimizing harvest bushels and crop quality.

6 Seed Treatments Getting crops off to a good start Using effective seed treatments to control diseases and some insect pests that can devastate crop seedlings should be a given for all crops, to optimize value from crop inputs. For a small cost, seed treatments can have a large impact getting the the crop seedlings off to the best start possible. The goal is to get plants growing without disease or pest challenges along with increased vigour so the young plants essentially hit the ground running. The goal is to achieve a healthy, vigorous, evenly emerging crop stand, says Mitch Reid, UFA Product Strategy Manager, Crop Protection Products. If that crop gets off to the best start possible, then along with in-crop crop protection measures it s going to have the best opportunity to grow into a high-yielding, even maturing, high-quality crop. Seed treatment is the first line of defence offering the best chance for survival. With improved research and new technology, seed treatments can offer multi-levels of protection protection against seed- and soil-borne diseases help to kick start plant growth. If you look at the investment producers are making in seed costs, whether they are using certified or even bin-run seed, seed treatments make sense. Mitch Reid UFA Product Strategy Manager, Crop Protection Products. Research and farmer experience alike over the years has demonstrated a consistent return on investment by treating cereal, oilseed and pulse crop seeds against seed-and soilborne diseases as well as crop pests such as wire worm and pea leaf weevils, says Reid. If you look at the investment producers are making in seed costs, whether they are using certified or even bin-run seed, seed treatments make sense. Improvements in seed genetics, changes in farming practices and greater variances in weather are all factors that impact the importance of treating seed, he adds Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide

7 Higher yielding, higher performing crop varieties are facing more challenges from diseases such as fusarium, aphanomyces and pythium, to name a few. Along with that, pests such as wire worm, cutworms, flea beetles and pea leaf weevil appear to be expanding in their range and intensity. SEED TREATMENT Not every crop is going to face all challenges every year, but the frequency is increasing. Ongoing plant breeding has made significant strides in improving crop resistance to a wide range of disease, insect and environmental challenges, but the perfect bullet-proof crop has yet to be developed. Seed treatments have improved in their use, efficacy and scope over the years. Easy-to-apply products providing broad-spectrum control, using multiple modes of action can help protect germinating plants in those critical first days or first two to three weeks of stand establishment. Mitch on right in photo above, chatting with Kyle Gross - Bayer Sales Manager, Southern Alberta The goal is to achieve a healthy, vigorous, evenly emerging crop stand, If that crop gets off to the best start possible, then along with in-crop crop protection measures it s going to have the best opportunity to grow into a high-yielding, even maturing, high-quality crop. Mitch Reid UFA Product Strategy Manager, Crop Protection Products.

8 Cereal Seed Treatment Comparison Seed- and soil-borne disease control Syngenta Vibrance Quattro Bayer Raxil Pro BASF Insure Cereal BASF Insure Cereal FX4 Container size(s) 10 L, 115 L, 450 L 10L, 58.5L, 175.5L 9.8L, 120L 9.8L, 120L, 450L Application Rate ml/100 kg seed Application Rate bu/jug ml 325 ml 300 ml 300 ml Wheat 113/10 L jug 113/10 L jug 120/9.8 L jug 120/9.8L jug Barley 141/10 L jug 141/10 L jug 150/9.8 L jug 150/9.8L jug Oats 200/10 L jug 200/10 L jug 212/9.8 L jug 212/9.8L jug Active Ingredients Difenoconazole, Metalaxyl-M, Sedaxane, Fludioxonil Prothioconazole, Tebuconazole, Metalaxyl Pyraclostrobin, Triticonazole, Metalaxyl Fungicide Group 3, 4, 7, 12 3, 4 3, 4, 11 3, 4, 7, 11 Insect Control (Need to Tank Mix) Pyraclostrobin, Triticonazole, Fluxapyroxad, Metalaxyl Crusier 5FS Stress Shield None registered None registered Wheat Diseases Seed Rot and damping off caused by: Fusarium spp C C C C Cochliobolus sativus S C C C Pythium spp C C C C Rhizoctonia C S C Penicillium C S Aspergillus C C C CONTROL S Suppression* NOT REGISTERED * Suppression means consistent control at a level that is not optimal, but is still of commercial benefit 1 For optimal coverage and results, weigh your cereals before testing Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide

9 Seed- and soil-borne disease control Wheat Diseases (CONTINUED) Syngenta Vibrance Quattro Bayer Raxil Pro BASF Insure Cereal BASF Insure Cereal FX4 Seedling Blight caused by: Fusarium spp C C S C Pythium spp C C C C Cochliobolus sativus S C S S Common Root Rot caused by Fusarium spp C S C Pythium spp C C C Cochliobolus sativus S S S S Loose Smut C C C C Common Bunt C C C C Fusarium Crown and Foot Rot S S S Take All S Barley Diseases True Loose Smut C C C C False/covered Smut C C C C Common Root Rot S S S C Pythium spp C C C C Fusarium spp C C C C Take All S Rhizoctonia C S C Leaf Stripe C SEED TREATMENT Syngenta Vibrance Quattro is a registered trade-mark of Syngenta Canada. Bayer Raxil Pro is a registered trade-mark of BayerCrop Science Inc. BASF Insure Cereal and Insure Cereal FX4 are registered trade-marks of BASF Canada Inc Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide 7

10 Cereal Seed Treatment Comparison Insect plus seed- and soil-borne disease control Syngenta Cruiser Vibrance Quattro Bayer Raxil Pro Shield Nufarm Nipsit Suite Container size(s) 10 L, 115 L, 450 L (10L L) and (175.5L + 27L) 10 L, 110 L Application Rate ml/100 kg seed 325 ml Raxil Pro 325 ml Stress Shield 50 ml 326 ml Application Rate bu/jug Wheat 113/10 L jug 113/10 L jug 113/10 L jug Barley 141/10 L jug 141/10 L jug 141/10 L jug Oats 200/10 L jug 200/10 L jug Active Ingredients Difenoconazole, Metalaxyl-M, Sedaxane, Fludioxonil, Thiamethoxam Prothioconazole, Tebuconazole, Metalaxyl, Imidacloprid Metalaxyl, Metconazole, Clothianidin Insecticide Group Fungicide Group 3, 4, 7, 12 3, 4 3, 4 Insecticidal Activity Wireworm S S S Wheat Diseases Seed Rot and damping off caused by: Fusarium spp C C C Cochliobolus sativus S C C Pythium spp C C C Rhizoctonia C S Penicillium C S Aspergillus C C C CONTROL S Suppression* NOT REGISTERED * Suppression means consistent control at a level that is not optimal, but is still of commercial benefit Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide

11 Insect plus seed- and soil-borne disease control Wheat Diseases (CONTINUED) Seedling Blight caused by: Syngenta Cruiser Vibrance Quattro Bayer Raxil Pro Shield Nufarm Nipsit Suite Fusarium spp C C C Pythium spp C C C Cochliobolus sativus S C S Common Root Rot caused by: Fusarium spp C C Pythium spp C C Cochliobolus sativus S S S Loose Smut C C C Common Bunt C C C Fusarium Crown and Foot Rot S S Take All S Barley Diseases True Loose Smut C C C False/covered Smut C C C Common Root Rot S S S Pythium spp C C C Fusarium spp C C C Take All S Rhizoctonia C S Leaf Stripe C SEED TREATMENT Syngenta Cruiser Vibrance Quattro is a registered trade-mark of Syngenta Canada. Bayer Raxil Pro Shield is a registered trade-mark of BayerCrop Science Inc. Nufarm Nipsit Suite is a registered trade-mark of Nufarm Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide 9

12 Pulse Seed Treatment Comparison Seed- and soil-borne disease control Syngenta Vibrance Maxx Container size(s) 115 L L, 450 L + 4 x 3.33 L Application Rate ml/100 kg seed Apron Maxx 325 ml Vibrance 5-10 ml Syngenta Vibrance Maxx RFC Bayer Trilex EverGol 2 x L, L Cases: (1.5L L) or (6.49L L) 100 ml, 325 ml with water slurry Trilex Jug A 25 ml, Trilex Jug B 16 ml Mix with Water BASF Insure Pulse Syngenta Vibrance Maxx with Intego 9.8 L, 120 L, 450 L 2 x L + 2 x L 300 ml Vibrance Maxx RFC 100ml Intego Solo 19.6 ml Syngenta Apron Advance Application Rate bu/jug Peas 113/10 L jug 226/case 221/case 120/9.8 L jug 226/case 734/case Lentils 113/10 L jug 226/case 221/case 120/9.8 L jug 226/case 734/case Chickpeas 113/10 L jug 226/case 221/case 120/9.8 L jug 226/case 734/case Active Ingredients Fludioxonil, Metalaxyl-M, Sedaxane Penflufen, Trifloxystrobin, Metalaxyl Fluxapyroxad, Pyraclostrobin, Metalaxyl Fludioxonil, Sedaxane, Metalaxyl-M S-isomer Fludioxonil, Metalaxyl-M, Sedaxane, Ethaboxam Fungicide Group 4, 7, 12 4, 7, 12 4, 7, 11 4, 7, 11 4, 7, 12, 22 1, 4, 12 Insect Control (Tank Mix) 2 x 10 L 100 ml Thiabendazole, Fludioxonil, Metalaxyl-M S-isomer Crusier 5FS Crusier 5FS Stress Shield None registered Crusier 5FS Cruiser 5FS C CONTROL S Suppression* NOT REGISTERED * Suppression means consistent control at a level that is not optimal, but is still of commercial benefit Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide

13 Seed- and soil-borne disease control Diseases Peas Seed and seedling rot/blight Pythium seed rot/ damping off Seed-borne ascochyta Aphanomyces (Peas) Lentil and Chickpea Seed and seedling rot/blight Pythium seed rot/ damping off Botrytis seed rot and seedling blight Seed-borne ascochyta Syngenta Vibrance Maxx Syngenta Vibrance Maxx RFC Bayer Trilex EverGol BASF Insure Pulse Syngenta Vibrance Maxx with Intego Syngenta Apron Advance C C C C C C C C C C C C C C S C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C SEED TREATMENT Syngenta Vibrance Maxx, Vibrance Maxx RFC, Intego and Apron Advance are registered trade-marks of Syngenta Canada. EverGol and Trilex are registered trade-marks of the Bayer Group. BASF Insure Pulse is a registered trade-mark of BASF Canada Inc Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide 11

14 Pulse Seed Treatment Comparison Insect plus seed- and soil-borne disease control Syngenta Cruiser Maxx Vibrance Pulses Container size(s) 115 L L, 450 L + 4 x 3.33 L Bayer Trilex EverGol SHIELD 1.5 L L L tri-pack Syngenta Cruiser 5FS INSECTICIDE ONLY 23.4 L, L 27 L Bayer Stress Shield Application Rate ml/100 kg seed Apron Maxx 325 ml Vibrance 10 ml Cruiser 5FS 50 ml Trilex Jug A 25 ml, Trilex Jug B 16 ml, Stress Shield 104 ml Mix with Water 50 ml ml Application Rate bu/jug Peas 113/10 L jug 221/case To be mixed with fungicide seed treatments Lentils 113/10 L jug 221/case To be mixed with fungicide seed treatments Chickpeas 113/10 L jug 221/case To be mixed with fungicide seed treatments Active ingredients Thiamethoxam, Fludioxonil, Imidacloprid, Penflufen, Thiamethoxam Imidacloprid Metalaxyl M, Sedaxane Trifloxystrobin, Metalaxyl Insecticide Group Fungicide Group 4, 7, 12 4, 7, 11 N/A N/A C Control S Suppression* Not Registered * Suppression means consistent control at a level that is not optimal, but is still of commercial benefit Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide

15 Insect plus seed- and soil-borne disease control Syngenta Cruiser Maxx Vibrance Pulses Bayer Trilex EverGol SHIELD Syngenta Cruiser 5FS INSECTICIDE ONLY Bayer Stress Shield Diseases Peas Seed and seedling rot/blight C C Pythium seed rot/damping off C C Seed-borne ascochyta C S Aphanomyces (Peas) Lentil and Chickpea Seed and seedling rot/blight C C Pythium seed rot/damping off C C Botrytis seed rot and seedling blight Seed-borne ascochyta C C Insects Pea Leaf Weevil S S S S Wireworms S S S S SEED TREATMENT Syngenta Cruiser Maxx Vibrance Pulses and Cruiser 5FS are registered trade-marks of Syngenta Canada. EverGol, Stress Shield and Trilex are registered trademarks of the Bayer Group Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide 13

16 Your best bet against Pea Leaf Weevil damage Being able to forecast pea leaf weevil winter survivorship may be an important clue in forecasting the degree of pressure the pest will place on legume and pulse crops during the growing season. Pest numbers were down and crop damage levels were reduced during the 2018 growing season, says Hector Carcamo, a researcher with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada in Lethbridge. That doesn t mean the pest is disappearing, he says. It just indicates that a longer winter and a later cool wet spring may reduce pest numbers or degree of crop damage the following growing season. Using recommended seed treatments is still the best approach to protect crops from pea leaf weevil damage, says Carcamo. But farmers are always asking if there is a way to forecast the risk of crop damage during the coming growing season to decide if they need the seed treatment. Looking at the winter, Carcamo says the pest appears to have had difficulty surviving the longer winter, and with many crops delayed due to a later spring and later seeding, that may have placed susceptible crops out of sync with the weevil s growth cycle Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide Using recommended seed treatments is still the best approach to protect crops from pea leaf weevil damage, but farmers are always asking if there is a way to forecast the risk of crop damage during the coming growing season to decide if they need the seed treatment. Hector Carcamo Researcher, Agriculture and Agr-Food Canada Carcamo says the impact of the weevil is being studied on several fronts. One ongoing study on feeding habits of the weevil indicate very early in the spring it does quite well feeding on alfalfa, but as soon as the pest begins its reproductive cycle it prefers to move into newly emerging and growing pea and faba bean crops. While early in the season the weevil can decimate alfalfa seedlings, at the same time it has little or no interest on feeding on chickpea and lentil crops.

17 Using one of the recommended seed treatment products is the best approach to control the pest, says Carcamo. He says while adult weevils feeding on plant leaves catch producer attention, the more serious damage is caused by weevil larvae feeding on the plant roots. The larvae feed on the nitrogen-fixing nodes on the roots, which in turn reduces or prevents the plant from fixing nitrogen. Using one of the recommended seed treatment products is the best approach to control the pest, Hector Carcamo Researcher, Agriculture and AgriFood Canada SEED TREATMENT A few adults on the leaves, perhaps causing even 15 to 20 per cent damage isn t a concern, says Carcamo. The crop can recover from that, but it s the larvae that need to be controlled. Carcamo says there are a number of seed treatment products registered. And depending on conditions and pest pressure, they may not control all larvae, but numbers will be reduced and also the seed treatment will reduce the number of eggs laid by the adults. Above: Crop damage from a pea leaf weevil. Photo courtesy of Syngenta Right: Pea leaf weevil captured in a sweep net Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide 15

18 Compatibility Chart BASF Nodulator DUO Solid Core Granular BASF Nodulator XL Liquid BASF Nodulator XL Peat Tank Mix time on Seed Simultaneous Sequential Tank Mix time on Seed Simultaneous Syngenta Vibrance Maxx 4 hours 2 hours 2 hours 24 hours Bayer Trilex EverGol Not recommended 2 hours 1 hour for pea Not recommended 2 hours for pea 2 hours for lentil 4 hours for lentil Bayer Trilex EverGol SHIELD BASF Insure Pulse Nodulator DUO Solid Core Granular is compatible with all pesticide treated seed in furrow. Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended 2 hours Not recommended Syngenta Vibrance Maxx with Intego 4 hours 2 hours 2 hours 24 hours Syngenta Vibrance Maxx RFC 4 hours 2 hours 2 hours 24 hours Syngenta Apron Maxx Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended 24 hours Syngenta Cruiser Maxx Vibrance Pulses Not recommended Marginal Not recommended 6 hours Tank Mix The inoculant is mixed with the seed treatment in a single tank and applied as one solution or suspension using the same applicator. The inoculant and seed treatment can be tank mixed for a period of time before application to the seed. Simultaneous (Wet Sequential) The inoculant and seed treatment are applied at the same time, from separate tanks. They must be applied by separate applicators to be defined as a simultaneous or wet sequential application. Dry Sequential One product is applied first and allowed to dry, before the second product is applied. This can be a seed treatment followed by an inoculant or an inoculant followed by a seed treatment. Drying time will vary based on formulation, relative air humidity and other factors. A minimum 30 minutes is typical, but it may take up to a day. Not tested Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide

19 Sequential TagTeam LCO Granular TagTeam Liquid Tank Mix time on Seed 24 hours Not recommended 48 hours for pea 24 hours for lentil TagTeam Peat Simultaneous Sequential Tank Mix time on Seed 48 hours for pea 24 hours for lentil 48 hours for pea Not recommended for lentil Simultaneous Sequential 48 hours 48 hours 4 hours Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended 48 hours 48 hours 48 hours SEED TREATMENT 4 hours TagTeam LCO Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended 24 hours for pea 24 hours for pea Granular is 48 hours for lentil 48 hours for lentil compatible with all 2 hours pesticide treated seed in furrow. Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended 24 hours Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended 48 hours for pea 48 hours 48 hours Not recommended for lentil 24 hours Not recommended 48 hours 48 hours 48 hours 48 hours 48 hours 24 hours Not recommended Not recommended Not recommended 6 hours for pea Not recommended for lentil 6 hours Not recommended 48 hours 48 hours 24 hours for pea 48 hours for lentil 2019 Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide 17

20 Essential nutrients Giving nature a hand Amplify when applied to cereal, oilseed or pulse crop seed will give nature a hand in getting crops growing and out of the ground with good health and vigour. The seed nutrient dressing there is a formulation of Amplify for each crop species is designed to be particularly effective in helping crops deal with adverse growing conditions. It is particularly effective under cool wet growing conditions at seeding and crop emergence time, says Bruce Kemmere, a Customer Account Manager (CAM) based in Olds, AB. Producers are finding seed treated with Amplify gets out of the ground sooner with more even germination. It helps the plants develop bigger and longer roots and as the season progresses that should translate into a more robust crop, with higher yields and more even maturity. Amplify seed treatment developed by ATP Nutrition is cold start technology says Jarrett Chambers, ATP president. Crop seeds have a natural nutrient imbalance, which Amplify works to correct. The Amplify treatment applies zinc, manganese and phosphorus to the seed coat, making it readily available to the seed as it germinates. Depending on the crop, with canola for example, boron may be added to the treatment as well. Amplify works to provide plant roots with almost immediate access to fertility. There is little or no lag time waiting for roots to develop and reach soil nutrients. Early access to nutrients and improved root development help makes the plant more efficient and healthier and better able to withstand stress during the growing season. Amplify is fully compatible with other seed treatment products. Check Amplify Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide Source: Strip trials managed and harvested by AgCall for UFA.

21 Amplify is particularly effective under cool wet growing conditions just at seeding and crop emergence time. Bruce Kemmere Customer Account Manager (CAM), Olds, AB SEED TREATMENT 2019 Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide 19

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23 Inoculant INOCULANT 2019 Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide 21 Photo courtesy of Acceleron BioAg.

24 Liquid, granular or peat The inoculant decision All formulations of pulse crop inoculants work and can be quite effective in helping peas, beans, lentils, chickpeas and other pulses fix nitrogen in the soil. The real decision to be made is which formulation works best for your management level. The question to be answered is which one works best for you and what you can handle, says Charlotte Hannotte, a CAM based in Grande Prairie, AB. All formulations are good, but each comes with management considerations. Pulse crop seeds need to be treated with or have access to a Rhizobium bacteria that, once in the soil, works with the plant roots to capture nitrogen which will help the plant grow. Rhizobium inoculants come in three formulations a dry peat-based product that needs some water added so it sticks to the pulse crop seed, a liquid inoculant which is applied directly to the seed and a granular inoculant usually carried in a second or third tank on the air seeding system and placed in the seed row. All work well in delivering the Rhiboium bacteria to the crop, with a few qualifiers. The question to be answered is which one works best for you and what you can handle, all formulations are good, but each comes with management considerations. Charlotte Hannotte Customer Account Manager (CAM), Grande Prairie, AB Aside from formulation, first match the correct inoculant to the pulse crop. Each pulse crop responds to a difference strain of rhizobium (i.e.) Rhizobium leguminosarum for peas and lentils, Mesorhizobium ciceri for chickpea and Bradyrhizobium japonicum for soybeans. The liquid and the peat-based inoculants need to be properly applied, says Hannotte. For the inoculant to be effective it needs to be evenly distributed over the seed coat. So the first question I might ask a producer is if they have equipment to properly apply a liquid product? With peat products, some producers mix the inoculant with water to form a slurry, Others have sprayed the seed batch with water so the dry inoculant adheres to the seed as it mixes in the auger as seed is being loaded into the seed truck or air seeding tank Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide

25 The key with whatever system being used is to ensure sufficient and even coverage over the seed, says Hannotte. Since the Rhizobium bacteria is living material, the other qualifier with the liquid inoculant is a fairly narrow window of application before seeding. It will survive a few hours on the seed before planting, but treated seed shouldn t be left over night, for example. The key with whatever system being used is to ensure sufficient and even coverage over the seed. Charlotte Hannotte Customer Account Manager (CAM), Grande Prairie, AB INOCULANT The granular inoculant is often considered the most simple to use. The product has a shelf life over the seeding season, but it does require a seeding system with either that second or third tank that will place the inoculant with the seed. All inoculant products need to be properly handled and stored before use to protect the survival of the Rhizobium bacteria avoid storing in extreme hot or cold temperatures. The cost difference between the products isn t a huge consideration, says Hannotte. It really depends on which formulation works best with your management Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide 23

26 BASF is the global leader in the research, development and production of inoculants, and biologicals providing innovative technologies that benefit growers by improving nodulation, nitrogen-fixation, root vigor, nutrient uptake and yield potential. NODULATOR XL PEAT Application rate Sterile peat formulation: One case will treat 300 bushels of seed. The standard rate of application is 1.2 kg per 600 kg of seed. NODULATOR XL LIQUID Application rates Light formulation: One case will treat 300 bushels of seed. Flow Valve Innoculant Flow Rate Seed/Auger Flow Rate Setting ml/min fl.oz/min kg/min lbs (bu)/min (5) (11) (18) (22) (24) (30) BASF Nodulator XL Peat, Nodulator XL Liquid and Nodulator Duo SCG are registered trade-marks of BASF Canada Inc Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide

27 NODULATOR DUO SCG Application rates One bag will treat 10.6 acres (7 rows) to 18.5 acres (12 rows) One Q-Pak will treat 170 acres (7 rows) to 296 acres (12 rows) INOCULANT Row Spacing Application Rate Area Treated per Bag cm in kg/ha lb/ac ha ac Data provided by BASF Canada Inc.

28 Inoculant Handling & Storage Best practices: Storage Inoculants are living organisms. Handle and store with care. Do Keep cool, but not freezing (0 to 20 C) Store in a dry environment Don t Store next to pesticides and bulk fertilizers Store in direct sunlight and drying winds Double stack granular inoculants All living things come to an end Use before expiration date Equipment Equipment check. Have a separate tank for inoculants Regularly inspect hoses and fittings for cracks and broken parts Calibrate for accurate metering Run fans to dry out tank before adding inoculants Know your limits. Fill no more than half the tank Run auger at 50% capacity or less Don t leave mixture in tank overnight Application Some things just don t mix. Like caustic fertilizers Or certain seed treatments Avoid soil conditions that are: Very acidic Very dry Low in organics Use it. Don t lose it. Seed soon after inoculation Re-inoculate if past planting time Source: BASF Canada Inc Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide

29 Acceleron BioAg is committed to bringing a wide range of solutions to help nourish our growing world. We are continually working towards finding sustainable solutions for soil health, improving farming practices, conserving natural resources and providing crop protection products to minimize damage from pests and disease. Acceleron BioAg is proud to offer the leading biological solutions that you ve come to rely on in your operation, and we will continue developing new solutions that will deliver even more impact on your bottom line. TAGTEAM PEAT Application rates TagTeam Peat Amount of treated/bag Crop Bag Size bu lb Units Water rate* Chickpea 2.20 kg Lentil 2.20 kg Pea 2.20 kg Soybean 2.45 kg *Approximate water volume for peat slurry application. TAGTEAM LCO Granular Application rates INOCULANT TAGTEAM LIQUID Application rates TagTeam liquid Amount of seed treated/bag Crop SIze bu lb Units Pea/Lentil 3.0 L + 57 g WP Crop Pea/Lentil Pea/Lentil Package Size Row Spacing (in) 18 kg (39.68 lb) bag 264 kg (582 lb) bag ac/bag lb/ac ac/bag lb/ac Data provided by Acceleron BioAg

30 QuickRoots and JumpStart QuickRoots and JumpStart have proved to be an effective seed treatment duo in helping newly germinated cereal and oilseed plants get off to a healthy more vigorous start. The products from Acceleron BioAg work differently, but when used together appear to have a great synergistic effect in giving crops a boost with emergence, says Sheldon Budzak, a UFA Customer Account Manager (CAM) based in Westlock, AB. Producers are reporting they are seeing more even emergence in their crops and seedlings appear to have more vigour, says Budzak. The treatments particularly shine under adverse, cool, wet growing conditions right at seeding. Healthy plants with a more vigorous start are important parts of having a crop with more even maturity and higher yield. The treatments get the crop off to a better start and help them better able handle early-season challenges. JumpStart Technology, which has been around for many years, increases the availability and uptake of phosphorous which is critical to plant root growth and development. Producers are reporting they are seeing more even emergence in their crops and seedlings appear to have more vigour. The treatments particularly shine under adverse, cool, wet growing conditions right at seeding. Healthy plants with a more vigorous start are important parts of having a crop with more even maturity and higher yield. Sheldon Budzak UFA Customer Account Manager (CAM), Westlock, AB While QuickRoots Technology a microbial seed inoculant contains two powerful microbes that work together to improve nutrient availability. The microbial activity has the ability to release nutrients from the soil, which helps increase the availability and uptake of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium. These two seed inoculants working together appear to give those newly germinated plants an extra shot, says Budzak. They have quick access to nutrients which increases root development so they can uptake more nutrients which seems to power them through the growing season Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide

31 INOCULANT Courtesy Acceleron BioAg 2019 Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide 29

32 Seeding rate It s a new era of targeting Regardless of the crop being seeded, optimizing yield starts with getting the proper number of seeds for the desired plant stand density seeded in the ground. Research over the years has shown that seed size and weight is so variable, not only among varieties, but among seed batches there is no trusted rule of thumb of bushels or pounds per acre that will deliver the proper plant stand. For cereal, oilseed and pulse crop producers, it s a new era of targeting plants per square meter or square foot. It s not really a new message, but with increasing input costs, efforts to increase yields and greater emphasis on profitability, producers are urged to use calculators to determine 1000 kernel/seed weights for each seed batch. There are several factors that will determine seeding rate, says Randy Campbell, a CAM based in Claresholm, AB. But starting with a properly measured and weighed seed count is an important first step. If you have a heavy seed batch, for example, and just go with a guesstimate, you can end up with fewer standing plants in the field to optimize yield potential. Using Thousand-Kernel-Weight (TKW) for Calculating Seeding Rates Thousand-kernel-weight calculates the seeding rate in terms of weight, relative to the number of seeds it takes to establish a target plant population. A change in TKW has a higher relative effect than a change in target plant population, it pays to count! Seeding rate equation (lb/ac) = desired plant population/ft2 x 1,000 K wt. (g) seedling survival rate (in decimal form such as 0.90) 10.4 Example: If seed lot A has a TKW of 29, and seed lot B has a TKW of 45. The target plant population is 30 plants per sq foot (assuming 95% germ and 5% mortality): Lot A: Seeding rate = 30 X 29/(95-5) = 870/90 = 9.6 X10 = 96 lb/ac Lot B: Seeding rate = 30 X 45/(95-5) = 1350/90 = 15X10 = 150 lb/ac 30 plants per square foot = 1.3 million plants If lot B was only planted at 96 lb/ac, the plant population will be about 19 plants/sq ft or 830,000 plants. That s a 36% reduction in plant population! Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide

33 There are also several reliable on-line calculators to help producers determine proper seeding rate (Alberta Agriculture and Forestry website is one good example). Many canola seed suppliers are already including, seed counts, seeding rates and optimum plant count targets on seed bag labels. INOCULANT Along with determining a seeding rate based on 1000 kernel weight of seed, Campbell points to other factors to consider: Germination rate of each seed batch Expected seedling survival rate (that can range from 80 to 90 per cent with good quality wheat seed, to perhaps 60 per cent with good quality canola seed). Soil type Soil moisture at seeding Type of seeding equipment There are several factors producers need to consider that may require adjusting the seeding rate up or down to achieve the desired plant count and optimizing yield. But we are past the days when estimating a bushel and a half or five pounds of seed will do the job. The old guidelines can lead to disappointment and ultimately reduce profitability. Randy Campbell UFA Customer Account Manager (CAM), Claresholm, AB 2019 Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide 31

34 Seed Treatment & Inoculant Planning Pulses Acres Seeding Rate Lbs/Bushels Peas Lentils Chickpeas Fababeans TOTAL Seed Treatment Rate Bushels Quantity Inoculant Bushels Quantity Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide

35 Cereal Seed Acres Seeding Rate Lbs/Bushels Wheat Barley Durum Other TOTAL Seed Treatment Rate Bushels Quantity

36 UFA offers you: the right product local advice competitive price Connect with us today. Visit UFA.com/Crop Contact your local UFA Customer Account Manager A 2019 Seed Treatment & Inoculant Guide 2018 UFA Co-operative Ltd. All rights reserved