2. Give examples to show the difference between a human resource, a capital resource and a natural resource.

Transcription

1 World Geography 3200/3202 Unit 4 Primary Resources Name: Read Page What is a resource? 2. Give examples to show the difference between a human resource, a capital resource and a natural resource. 3. A resource is said to be culturally defined. Do you agree or disagree that different societies can have different views about which natural source materials are resources? Explain your viewpoint. 4. How can technology expand a society s resource base? Give an example.

2 Read the Case Study Changing The Use of A Resource p Referring to figure 8.1 on page 132, explain why the use of the land resource has changed in Southern China. 6. Develop a viewpoint on the Southern China land controversy. Give three arguments to support your opinion. Based on your viewpoint would you argue that any one of the three conditions of a natural resource in fig. 8.1 should be valued differently than the others? Explain. Read page Identify each of the following as an input, farm process or output. input, farm process or output vegetable stand piece of cheese irrigation spray animals crops labour weeding harvesting

3 Read pages and Case study A Mixed-Vegetable Farm in Canada 8. Complete the systems model for Ferguson s Vegetable farm operation Inputs Natural / Human Processes ouputs 9. Identify the parts of the model that would be difficult to control. 10. Graph or give a time line of all the farming activities that Ferguson must undertake throughout the year. (See. P.147)

4 11. Explain why farming activities vary throughout the year. 12. During the upcoming spring seeding, a neighboring vegetable farmer will use 500 more kilograms of fertilizers on his potato fields than he did last year. Last year his yield was kilograms of potatoes. As a result of increased fertilization, the farmer expects to increase out put by 20 per cent. What will the new output be in kilograms? 13. The fertilizer costs $2 per kilogram. The normal expenses for planting are $3800. What is the farmers profit if he sells his potato harvest at $0.50 per kilogram. 14. Is this a commercial or a subsistence farm? Explain. Read pages Rice Farming in Bangladesh 15. Is this type of farming commercial or subsistence? Explain. 16. Illustrate the annual cycle of farming activities undertaken by Kajal and her family. 17. In what ways is this cycle different from that of Canadian farming operations described in the earlier case study?

5 18. Farming is a subsistence activity when farmers produce just enough for their own needs. Farming becomes commercial when farmers produce crops or raise animals primarily for sale to others. Make a list of factors that you think may make it difficult or impossible for a subsistence farmer to become a commercial farmer. 19. Complete the chart below using information from the two case studies. size of farm (large/ small) equipment (much/ little) yield (high/low) population density % of pop. In agriculture Literacy rate Canada 3.0/km Bangladesh 833.9/km Read Pages shifting Cultivation in Borneo 20. What makes Shifting Cultivation a unique type of farming? Consider the following: method of land preparation the types of crops grown in the region the lifestyle and routine of Shifting Cultivators

6 the ratio of labour to land the climatic and ecological factors that cause these unique characteristics 21. Farming is classified as intensive when small a amount of land is cultivated and the goal of producing a high yield per unit of land. It is classified as extensive when large tracts of land are devoted to producing a crop or raising animals. Identify as intensive or extensive each type of farming in the three case studied you have read. Case Study Intensive/Extensive A mixed Vegetable farm in Canada Rice Farming in Bangladesh Shifting Cultivation in Borneo 22. Which two of the following four terms describe the farming that the Indonesian Government favours: subsistence, Commercial, Intensive or Extensive? 23. How does the agriculture identified in 22 conflict with the way of life of the Dayak people? 24. Why do you think the Indonesian government opposes shifting cultivation? Read P Plantation Farming In Hawaii Examine the climograph on Page 153

7 25. What general type of climate characterizes Hilo, the region where Mauna Loa plantations are located? 26. Fill in the chart to show thee inputs, processes and outputs for Macadamia Nuts. Inputs Processes Outputs 27. In what ways does a commercial plantation differ from a family owned, commercial mixed vegetable farm. (See pages ) Read pages An Agribusiness in the Philippines 28. Identify the factor that make agribusiness a unique farming practice. 29. Agribusinesses are more prevalent in developed than less developed countries. How do you account for this pattern.

8 30. What allows San Miguel Corporation to offer a large variety of products? 31. What gives San Miguel Corporation the ability to beat its competitors in the marketplace? 32. Using physical data (fig. 6.8 on page 102; fig. 8.5 on page 137), briefly describe the distribution of the following types of land uses shown in fig on page 157. Land Use Subsistence farming of Staples Distribution Subsistence Nomadic Herding Commercial Ranching and Stock Raising Smallholding Stock Raising Non-Agricultural Land Use Read pages Examine fig page Identify two countries where average nutrition is adequate.

9 34. Which continent experiences the most severe nutrition shortfall? Read Pages Land Reform in Brazil 35. What is the goal of land reformers in Brazil? 36. Describe how land is being redistributed? 37. What effect do you think land reform will have on agricultural production? 38. Do we have similar concerns with the distribution of land in Canada? Explain your viewpoint. Read pages Using fig on page 162 and fig 6.8 on page 102, describe the pattern of distribution of forested land on earth.

10 40. Describe how one specific tree species has adapted to the conditions of its ecosystem. 41. Why is it more economical to harvest one tree species in a broadleaf or needle-leaf forest ecosystem than it is to harvest a given species in an equatorial rainforest system? Read Page 163 deforestation 42. What are the major causes of deforestation? Examine fig on page In which tropical area is the rainforest in the most danger of vanishing? 44. In which tropical areas is the rainforest in the most danger of being severely diminished? Examine fig on page Describe the factors, in order of importance, that are decreasing the forest cover of the tropical zone.

11 46. The predominant transitions by region are as follow: Africa: forest converting to subsistence farming Latin America: forest converting to settled land, large scale cattle ranching and Hydroelectric reservoirs Asia: converting to Shifting cultivation, settled land and large plantations Based on your knowledge of soil types and farming practices (see Chapter 8 and 9), are these the transition patterns you would expect to see? Explain. Read p Tree Harvesting Tree Harvesting in Various Ecosystems 47. Compare the tree harvesting operations in Canada and Malaysia in terms of the following factors Factors Canada Malaysia The type of cutting(clear cut/selective cut the degree of labour intenseness The degree of capital investment aspects of the operation that are difficult to control

12 the forest management practices engaged in by the operation the use made of the harvested timber Examine fig.10.6 on page Describe the pattern shown in exports of tropical wood and wood products between 1970 and The five countries that exported the most forest products were Canada, USA, Finland, Sweden and Germany. Based on the case study and Fig. 10.6, what kind of wood products do you think are exported?