Autumn Milling Wheat Cultivar Evaluation, Norwood & Dorie - Canterbury

Transcription

1 Summary: Irrigated autumn sown milling wheat CPT trials produced yields around the 9-10 t/ha for the premium milling wheat cultivars such as Conquest. Significant yield responses to fungicide have been recorded in both turf and forage perennial ryegrass based on field dressed seed yields (straight off the header), with new coded fungicides performing similarly to existing standards. For the second season running, fungicides applied for stem canker control in oilseed rape in the autumn and early spring gave good control of the disease but didn t produce a significant yield increase. Autumn Milling Wheat Cultivar Evaluation, Norwood & Dorie - Canterbury The yield result of two CPT trials comparing the performance of autumn milling wheat cultivars are featured in this edition of Harvest Snippets. Norwood sowing date: 25 May 2011 Dorie sowing date: 18 May 2011 Harvest date: 8 February 2012 Harvest date: 9 February 2012 Soil Type: Stony Lismore Silt Loam Soil Type: Paparoa Silt Loam The Norwood trial received 169 kg N/ha over three split applications and five irrigation applications applying a total of 190 mm. The Dorie trial received 253 kg N/ha over three split applications and five irrigation applications applying a total of 200 mm. Table 1. Grain yield (t/ha and % site mean) for 13 milling wheat cultivars grown under irrigation - Norwood, Canterbury. Amarok Claire Conquest Majestic (CRWT 139) Morph Phoenix Raffles Sage Saracen Torlesse Tribute CRWT CRWT Mean LSD(5%) CV(%)= 3.9 Table 2. Grain yield (t/ha and % site mean) for 13 milling wheat cultivars grown under irrigation - Dorie, Canterbury. Amarok Claire Conquest Majestic (CRWT 139) Morph Phoenix Raffles Sage Saracen Torlesse Tribute CRWT CRWT Mean LSD(5%) CV(%)= 4.3 At Norwood the top three performing cultivars were Morph (12 t/ha), Sage (11.1 t/ha) and Torlesse (10.7 t/ha). The 2011/12 yields at this site are up by 1.6 t/ha on last season, and are up slightly on the four year site mean (10.1 t/ha) to 10.3 t/ha. The yields from Dorie show similar rankings however the new cultivar Majestic has clearly performed better at Dorie than at Norwood.

2 Autumn Barley Cultivar Performance - Balfour, Southland With drier conditions in Southland autumn barley yields have not been as good as Canterbury, however relative to previous years the drop off in yield has not been as severe as might have been expected. Balfour sowing date: 24 May 2011 Harvest date: 8 February 2012 Soil Type: Ardlussa Three herbicides and two fungicide mixes were applied to this trial. The trial received 138 kg N/ha over three split applications. Table 1. Grain yield (t/ha and % site mean) for 16 barley cultivars grown under dryland conditions in Balfour, Southland. Booma (CRBA125) County Doyen Fairview Flora Garner Jimpy (H ) Oxbridge Quench Sherwood Snakebite (NFC404-65) Summit (NFC ) Tavern CRBA CRBA NFC Mean LSD(5%) CV(%)= 5.7 The highest yielding cultivars at the Balfour site were Quench (9 t/ha), NFC , Summit and Tavern. This year s yields were down on the four year mean (8.2 t/ha) with a site mean yield of 7.6 t/ha, however yields were up by 1.7 t/ha on the 2010/11 season site mean.

3 Fungicides on Perennial Ryegrass This season FAR had two trials looking at fungicide performance on perennial ryegrass. The experiments were located in Methven, on a turf type cultivar Colosseum, and at Wakanui on a forage type cultivar Bealey. The aim of these experiments was to investigate the use of the new SDHI family of fungicides in relation to some standard and common fungicide treatments. The Bealey experiment had low levels of disease but some crown rust was present in all treatments throughout the summer, particularly on the lower older leaves. The yield results (Table 1) are field dressed weights straight off the combine and adjusted to approximately 12% seed moisture content. Currently all treatments except 1, 5, 12 and 13 are statistically the same as the highest yielding treatment, however variation in dressing loss when samples are machine dressed will determine the final yield and margin outcome. Table 1. Field dressed seed yield (kg/ha) for 13 fungicide treatments applied at head emergence and flowering, cultivar Bealey, Wakanui 2011/12. Treatment Application Dates: Head emergence: Flowering: Field dressed seed yield (kg/ha) 1 Nil ml/ha Proline ml/ha Opus ml/ha Proline ml/ha Comet ml/ha Opus ml/ha Comet ml/ha Proline ml/ha Seguris Flexi ml/ha Comet ml/ha Seguris Flexi ml/ha Opus ml/ha Seguris Flexi FAR 11/F FAR 11/F FAR 11/F ml/ha Opus ml/ha Amistar ml Accuro ml Tazer 2907 Mean 2957 LSD 237 Opus and Accuro contains epoxiconazole, Proline contains prothioconazole, Seguris flexi contains isopyrazam, Amistar & Tazer contains azoxystrobin. The turf type trial expressed high levels of stem rust infection, some results of which were reported in FAR Crop Action on 12 January The field dressed weights are very high given the amount of rust pressure some of the treatments were under (Table 2). For example the untreated plots had 100% of stems with some rust infection on 4 January. Ultimately the dressing loss will determine the yield and margin outcome.

4 Table 2. Field dressed seed yield (kg/ha) for 12 fungicide treatments applied at head emergence, flowering and at late flowering, cultivar Colosseum, Methven 2011/12. Treatment Application Dates: Head emergence: Flowering: Late Flower: Field dressed seed yield (kg/ha) 1 nil ml/ha Proline ml/ha Opus ml/ha Proline ml/ha Comet ml/ha Opus ml/ha Comet ml/ha Proline ml/ha Seguris Flexi ml/ha Comet ml/ha Seguris Flexi ml/ha Opus ml/ha Seguris Flexi FAR 11/F FAR 11/F FAR 11/F ml/ha Opus ml/ha Amistar 3181 Mean 3098 LSD 146 Oilseed Rape Fungicide Trial Waimate, South Canterbury FAR/Biodiesel New Zealand Fungicide Trial: Waimate, South Canterbury (courtesy of Mr Guy Wigley) Sown: 25 March 2011 Harvested: 8 February 2012 Sowing rate: 3kg/ha Cultivar: Flash Previous crop: Wheat Previous stubble management: Stubble burnt, seedbed prepared by top working. Yield Results: (corrected for % moisture) Treatment (mls/ha) Phoma % Plant Stem Canker Yield % Site 4 Leaf 21 days later Green Bud Infection % Infection* t/ha Mean (19 May) (9 June) (6 Sept) at Green Bud (severity) - - Proline 800 mls Proline 400 mls Proline 400 mls Untreated Proline 400 mls Proline 400 mls Proline 400 mls Proline 400 mls Proline 400 mls Proline 400 mls Proline 400 mls Proline 400 mls Proline 800 mls Untreated Proline 800 mls Mean LSD Trial was desiccated not swathed *Assessed 11 January days prior to harvest Proline contains prothioconazole

5 This trial now in its second season has evaluated the benefit of fungicides for stem canker control. Stem canker (blackleg), is first observed in autumn when it attacks the leaves of the crop (leaf phoma). The fungus grows through the leaf down the petiole to the base of the stem where it can cause premature senescence and, in severe cases lodging. Twenty one days after the green bud spray application disease assessment revealed that the untreated plots had the highest disease incidence (18.8% and 18.1% of the plants infected). As was the case last season, Proline 400 ml/ha applied at three timings (4 leaf stage, 21 days later and green bud) recorded the lowest infection level (7.5% of the plants infected). This treatment showed significantly less infection than the spring applied spray timings, but was not statistically superior to the two spray sequences tested. Stem canker was found in every treatment in the 2010/11 season with 80% infection in the untreated. In 2011/12 season infection levels were significantly lower with an untreated infection of 50%. Multiple applications of Proline gave the lowest stem canker scores with three applications of Proline 400 ml/ha giving the lowest infection (7.3%). This however was not statistically different to the two spray applications or Proline 800 ml/ha applied at the green bud stage. The untreated plots had significantly more stem canker infection than all fungicide treated crops (51.3% and 48.8% infection). Visual difference between Proline applied consecutively (400 ml/ha at 4 leaves, 21 days later and green bud) on the left and the untreated control on the right. Stems cut off at ground level and assessed for stem canker (as a % of the stem cross section) at the base of the stem. There was no significant difference between yield treatments within the trial this season, a result that was the same as the 2010/11 season. The site mean yield was 4.89 t/ha with the highest yielding treatment being Proline 800 ml/ha applied at the green bud stage (5.23 t/ha - 107% of the site mean), however there was no relationship between stem canker control and resultant yield in this trial. None of the fungicides applied gave a significant effect relative to the untreated. Acknowledgements: Host farmer Mr Guy Wigley, and Mr Bede McCloy (NZ Arable for harvesting the trial). This publication is copyright to the Foundation for Arable Research and may not be reproduced or copied in any form whatsoever without their written permission. This Harvest Snippets is intended to provide accurate and adequate information relating to the subject matters contained in it. It has been prepared and made available to all persons and entities strictly on the basis that FAR, its researchers and authors are fully excluded from any liability for damages arising out of any reliance in part or in full upon any of the information for any purpose. No endorsement of named products is intended nor is any criticism of other alternative, but unnamed product.