Biological Control in High Tunnels. Laura Ingwell, Rick Foster and Ian Kaplan Entomology, Purdue University

Transcription

1 Biological Control in High Tunnels Laura Ingwell, Rick Foster and Ian Kaplan Entomology, Purdue University

2 Pest Concerns for High Tunnel Produc7on Generate crops earlier in spring and later in fall, more exposure Unique hybrid of field and greenhouse condieons Plant chemical defenses may differ (Antonius et al. 2009) John Obermeyer, Purdue Entomology Extension

3 High Tunnel Pests Sarah Thompson 2012

4 High Tunnel Pest Management MisconcepEon of proteceon from insects PoUorff and Panter 2009, suggest IPM and chemical strategies Chemical applicaeons should be used caueously

5 Augmenta7on Biocontrol Successful in greenhouse Commercially- available predatory insects Feed on pests, pollen and nectar; auracted to HIPVs Need to consider dispersal during periods of low pest availability

6 Augmenta7on Biocontrol On- Farm Trial Control of thrips in greenhouse cucumbers Achieved in 1 month, 4 releases Reid SARE Final Report Project No: LNE07-262

7 Augmenta7on Biocontrol On- farm trial, greenhouse tomatoes One applicaeon AphidStop not sufficient One release of aphid parasitoid and predatory mite established control Reid SARE Final Report Project No: LNE07-262

8 Objec7ve To examine efficacy and reteneon of predatory insects in high tunnel tomato and cucumber produceon Meigs- Throckmorton Purdue Agricultural Center

9 Infrastructure for successful produc7on Wright et al 2012: Minnesota High Tunnel ProducEon Manual for Commercial Growers

10 High Tunnel Treatments ConvenEonal Screened VolaEle AUractant + Flowers New Girl Katrina

11 The Predators John Obermeyer, Purdue Entomology Extension Green Lacewing Convergent Ladybug Minute Pirate Bug Spined Soldier Bug

12 Methods Release predators in evening Visually count predators 2, 4 days post release D- Vac colleceon of predators 6 days post release Weekly insect surveys in each tunnel

13 Results John Obermeyer, Purdue Entomology Extension

14 6 Days Post Release Proportion Recaptured Conventional HIPV Screen 0.0 Soldier Bug Ladybug Pirate Bug Lacewing

15 Proportion Recaptured Conventional HIPV Screen Days 4 Days 6 Days

16 Proportion of Recaptured Individuals Cucumber Tomato Gomphrena Zinnia 2 Days 4 Days 6 Days

17 Proportion Recaptured Conventional HIPV Screen Days 4 Days 6 Days

18 Proportion of Recaptured Individuals Days 4 Days 6 Days Cucumber Tomato Gomphrena Zinnia

19 Proportion of Total Eggs Laid Cucumber Tomato Gomphrena Zinnia Time After Release (Days)

20 1 0 1 Cucumber Tomato Plant Position # eggs/adult

21 Results Effects of screening

22 Overall mean max temp. higher in screened tunnels, damaging to plants Mean Daily Max Temp (F) Open Screened 60 June 2014 July 2014 Aug 2014 Sept 2014 Oct 2014 May 2015 June 2015 July 2015 Aug 2015 overall mean

23 Effects of temperature on adult lacewing survival % Survival Days

24 Effects of temperature on egg laying and viability # Eggs/Female # of Viable Eggs/Female Temperature (F) 0

25 Results Effects of screening ProtecEon From Bacterial Wilt

26 Results Effects of screening

27 Striped beetles on Cucumber Bacterial wilt 1.4 Mean # beetles per plant Spo;ed beetles on Cucumber Economic threshold unscreened screened

28 Results Effects of screening Aphid Outbreaks 2014 John Obermeyer, Purdue Entomology Extension

29 Results Effects of screening Tomato Russet Mite 2014 John Obermeyer, Purdue Entomology Extension

30 Results Effects of screening Spider Mites 2015

31 Harvest Data

32 Cucumbers Total Harvest (kg) Marketable 2014 Unmarketable 2015 Marketable 2015 Unmarketable 2014 Diva Johnny s Selected Seeds Conventional HIPV Screen 2015 Katrina Johnny s Selected Seeds

33 Tomatoes 500 Total Harvest (kg) Conventional HIPV Screen Big Beef Park Seed 2015 New Girl Johnny s Selected Seeds

34 Summary & Conclusions Screening restricts colonizaeon by bacterial wilt vectors, enhances ladybug reteneon Increases temperatures which may damage fruit produceon Enhances aphid/mite problems Increase screen pore size while maintaining benefits

35 Summary & Conclusions HIPVs & flowers retain Pirate bugs, provide addieonal resources for lacewings Other naturally- colonizing predators to consider include beryeds, lacewings and parasitoids Soo- bodied pests are problemaec and unpredictable

36 Management Considera7ons Intense pruning and lacewing biocontrol may not be compaeble Need to evaluate injury levels and economic thresholds for high tunnels Consider crop placement inside and out of tunnels Minimize plant residues inside tunnels and rotate crops

37 Implementa7on & Economic Considera7ons Release rates and predator pricing/availability Green Lacewings Release Rate: 10 eggs/plant or per acre Price: 1000 Eggs= $15.00, 1000 Larvae= $ , 100 Adults $45.00 At least 6 commercial suppliers

38 Implementa7on & Economic Considera7ons Release rates and predator pricing/availability Orius insidiosus Release Rate: 3/plant or per acre Price: 500 count $ , 2000 count $ Purchase live adults, release within 48 hours of receipt At least 5 commercial suppliers

39 Acknowledgements Dr. Roberto Lopez GarreU Owen Erin Fegley Stephanie Russell Nick Kalejs Anna Petroff Ivy Widick Ashley Kirtman Alejandro Avila Nate Linder Tristand Tucker Meigs farm crew Funding provided by USDA- North Central IPM