Harmonizing in the Asia-Pacific Views from recent meetings of the Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI)

Transcription

1 South Asia Biosafety Conference, Colombo, Sri Lanka September 15 16, 2014 Harmonizing in the Asia-Pacific Views from recent meetings of the Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institutions (APAARI) J. L. Karihaloo Coordinator, Asia-Pacific Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology (APCoAB), APAARI, New Delhi, India 1

2 Presentation outline Agriculture in Asia-Pacific About APAARI GM related developments in AP Regulatory issues Views from APAARI meetings Suggestions for harmonization

3 Asia-Pacific region ~ 40 countries Southeast Asia South and Southwest Asia Central Asia East Asia Pacific Islands Diverse ecologies, economic, political and social systems as well as experiences in adoption agricultural biotechnology

4 % of world total Agriculture is Important to Asia-Pacific region 40% of world land area 60% population Nearly 50% population involved in agriculture 0 land area (%) Population 2011 (%) Agric. pop. 2011(mil.) Agric. pop. to total pop. Asia-Pacific developing countries All Asia-Pacific Rest of world Source: FAO-RAP (2012) Selected Indicators of Food and Agricultural Development in the Asiapacific Region

5 % of world total Asia-Pacific region A major food producer Nearly 50% of world cereals and fruits production 70% of vegetable production cereals roots & tubers pulses fruits vegetables Asia-Pacific developing countries All Asia-Pacific Rest of world Source: FAO-RAP (2012) Selected Indicators of Food and Agricultural Development in the Asiapacific Region

6 Increasing food demands Net exports of crops and livestock Source: ( FAO) State of Food and Agriculture 2012

7 China and Japan among top agricultural importers Source: EU Commission (2013) Monitoring Agri-trade Policy Agricultural trade in 2012: A good story to tell in a difficult year?

8 Asia-Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Agricultural Research Institutes (APAARI) Association of National Agricultural Research Systems and other international, regional organizations, fora of Asia- Pacific with a missions to promote Agricultural Research for Development through novel partnerships Programs I. Asia-Pacific Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology (APCoAB) II. Asia-Pacific Agricultural Research Information System (APARIS) 8

9 APAARI Members Regular (NARS): 20 Associate (CGIAR Centers): 16 Affiliate: 8 Reciprocal: 10 TOTAL: 54 New Caledonia Fiji

10 ASIA-PACIFIC CONSORTIUM ON AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (APCOAB) Policy Advocacy Strategic areas -Policy advocacy relating research, testing, release and biosafety issues of GMOs & other biotech products -Policies for the exchange of material and technology - Policy advocacy on other biotechnology priorities Capacity Building -Conduct training programs/ workshops on: Conventional and modern biotechnology Biosafety, bioethics & related issues Issues related to IPRs, patenting and benefit sharing Knowledge Resources and Dissemination -At all levels based on scientific assessment and validation -Providing basic information and links with other websites -Facilitate public awareness 10

11 Policy Dialogues and Expert Consultations Agricultural Biotechnology for Promoting Food Security Biosafety harmonization Regulatory management needs streamlining Biosafety regulations Post-Harvest technology and Value Addition Biotechnology and Biosecurity GM Food Crops Trans-boundary Diseases Public-Private Partnership Food Safety Biosafety regulations 2006 Food Safety 2014

12 Training programs & workshops In vitro and cryopreservation of plant germplasm GM technology Pesticide residue detection Marker assisted selection Animal reproductive technologies Mushroom production Bioinformatics Citrus greening and control

13 Knowledge Sharing Publications APAARI Bi-annual Newsletter Success Stories for Technology Dissemination (> 40 Published) Vision 2025 Agricultural Research Priorities in the Asia-Pacific Regional Status Reports Reports of Expert Consultations Directories of Institutions 13

14 Publications

15 Websites & Databases

16 GM related developments in Asia-Pacific Policy Investment R&D Adoption Regulatory systems Issues

17 Policy support to biotechnology Policy commitment in several countries to application of biotechnology for agricultural development Large national agricultural research systems in a number of countries with proven development impacts In developing countries, public system the largest investor in agricultural research and development Mil. USD Growth of Indian biotech sector. Source: DBT, Govt. India

18 Support to biotechnology 17 countries have one or more ministries responsible for biotechnology research in agriculture 11 have ongoing programs on application of biotechnology in agriculture. More than 50 crops and forestry trees are being targeted for genetic modification for diverse traits, most prominent among which are resistance to diseases and pests, and abiotic stress tolerance

19 Investment: Public agricultural R&D spending ( ) China India Source: ( FAO) State of Food and Agriculture 2012 Source: Dept. Biotech., Govt. India

20 Agriculture R&D investment (MUSD) Investment in agricultural R&D, and production of major agricultural commodities in India Production (MT) Cereals Fruits Oil crops Pulses Roots & tubers Vegetables Total investment Year 0 Source: National Horticulture Board, Govt. of India; FAOSTAT; FAO. State of Food and Agriculture 2013

21 Status of Regulatory Preparedness in Asia-Pacific* Countries that have enforced National Biosafety Regulations: Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Laos Republic, Malaysia, Mongolia, New Zealand, Niue, Pakistan, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Tajikistan, Thailand, Vietnam (21) Countries that have Biosafety Regulations at various stages of development: Bhutan, DPR Korea, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Kyrgyz Republic, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Syria (13) Signatories to Protocol: Bangladesh, China, DPR Korea, Fiji, Iran, India, Indonesia, Japan, Jordan, Kiribati, R Korea, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Palau, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Samoa (19) Protocol ratified: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, DPR Korea, Fiji, Iran, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Kyrgyz Republic, Laos PDR, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Niue, Pakistan, Palau, PNG, Philippines, Qatar, R Korea, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tonga, Viet Nam, Yemen (42) * as on September 10, 2014 Source:

22 GM events approved Country Livestock Feed Food Environmental Release Australia Bangladesh China Japan India Indonesia Korea Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Taiwan Thailand Source: CERA. GM Crop Database; ISAAA s GM Approval Database

23 GM crops under commercial cultivation Country Crop Area (million hectares) Australia Argentine canola, cotton 0.7 China Cotton, papaya, tomato, sweet pepper 4.2 India Cotton 11.0 Myanmar Cotton 0.3 Pakistan Cotton 2.8 Philippines Maize 0.8 Source: Clive James, 2013

24 Bt cotton in India Yield increase by 40% Pesticide spray reduction from 4.2 kg/ac to 2.6 kg/ac Farmer made net cost saving of USD 20-24/ha Profitability USD /ha Raw cotton export increase from USD16.5 million ( ) to USD 2.6 billion ( ) Sources: Cotton Corporation of India; Brookes G, Barfoot P (2012) GM crops: global socio-economic and environmental impacts PG Economics Ltd, UK; ISAAA

25 Area and production Yield Cotton production in India Area (Lakh hectares) Production (Million Bales of 170 Kgs.Each) Yield (Kgs/Hect) Source: Cotton Corporation of India

26 Top cotton producing countries (2002) (2012) Source: FAOSTAT

27 Benefits of Bt Corn in the Philippines Source: Roaslie (2011) stakeholders interface on GM crops

28 Bt brinjal (eggplant) Global distribution of eggplant fruit and shoot borer

29 Release of Bt brinjal in Bangladesh The National Committee on Biosafety (NCB) on October 30, 2013 gave approval to newly developed GM brinjal varieties -- BARI Bt Brinjal- 1 (Uttara), BARI Bt Brinjal- 2 (Kajla), BARI Bt Brinjal-3 (Nayontara) and BARI Bt Brinjal-4 (ISD006) Farm cultivation started January 2014

30 Regulatory issues Bt brinjal in India and Philippines Thailand, Malaysia Golden rice Ruane, J An FAO conference on GMOs in the pipeline in developing countries: The moderator s summary. FAO. From the conference a picture emerged of a GMO pipeline that contains a considerable quantity and variety of products that may be commercialized in developing countries within the next five years. As noted in the conference, whether or when they actually will be commercialized depends to a large extent on the GMO regulatory framework in the country.

31 APAARI consultations on biotechnology and biosafety Topics Enabling Regulatory Framework and Procedures Public-Private Partnership Agribiotechnology for Sustainable Solutions to Brassicas Pest Problems Biotechnology for Food Security Biosafety Regulations for Transgenic Crops and the Need for Harmonizing Models of Public-Private Partnership in Agricultural Biotechnology Agricultural biotechnology for Promoting Food Security The Stakeholders' Interface on GM Food Crops Agricultural Biotechnology, Biosafety and Biosecurity Food Safety in Asia-Pacific Locations Philippines, Thailand, India, Malaysia, Taiwan, Japan

32 APAARI consultations on biotechnology and biosafety Others FAO Technical Conference on Agricultural Biotechnologies in Developing Countries: Options and Opportunities in Crops, Forestry, Livestock, Fisheries and Agro-industry to Face the Challenges of Food Insecurity and Climate Change (ABDC-10), Guadalajara, Mexico, 1-4 March FAO Regional Workshop on Strengthen Regional Cooperation and National Capacity Building. FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (RAP), Bangkok, Thailand, June APO Conference on Biotechnology and Global Competitiveness, July, 2013, Taipei.

33 Views from APAARI Consultations on Biotechnology & Biosafety GM technology is one important tool to help Asia-Pacific countries to meet the challenges arising from increasing food needs, climate change and natural resources constraints. Enabling policy environment: Recognize biotechnology as an integral component of agricultural development strategy Commit appropriate and sustained funding support Adopt need-based biotechnology options and integrated strategies and package of practices to improve small farm-level productivity and profitability Encourage public-private participation to synergise development and commercialization of biotechnology products. Develop IP and benefit sharing policies that balance the needs to facilitate adoption of technologies while providing fair share of benefit to technology developers.

34 Views from APAARI Consultations on Biotechnology & Biosafety Improve Regulatory Management: Adopt robust, science based and transparent biosafety regulatory system Simplify regulatory norms for GM events of established environment and human safety In some countries, there is a need to align biosafety related policies under different national component authorities Generate research data on biosafety related issues, particularly of local relevance, e.g. biodiversity.

35 Outcomes of APAARI Consultations on Biotechnology & Biosafety Enhance awareness through education and communication: Include agriculture and biotechnology oriented courses in school syllabi and develop appropriate educational tools Train scientists not just in the field of biotechnology but also in related sciences but also in communication skills Develop success stories, status reports and web-based information systems on developments in biotechnology and biosafety Organize dialogues between scientists, CSOs, farmers organisations and consumer groups

36 Views from APAARI Consultations on Biotechnology & Biosafety Regional and sub-regional collaboration Collaborate in biotechnology R&D in crops and traits of common interest, biosafety management and capacity development. Cooperate and harmonize at regional/sub-regional level GMO risk assessment and risk management protocols. Establish regional/sub-regional information centres on developments in biotechnology, biosafety and IP issues. Strengthen some existing national institutions to serve as Regional Hubs for sustained capacity building.

37 Some biosafety harmonization programmes European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Food Standards Australia New Zealand Economic Community West African States (ECOWAS) Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) FAO AsiaBionet

38 Regional Collaboration in Regulatory Management - EFSA (one- door- one- key approach) Applicant submits to National Authority European Food Safety Authority Use of GMOs for food and feed Deliberate release into Environment National Food Safety Authority food safety or environmental risk assessment as per EU Guidelines Approval of GM product (valid for 10 yrs) EFSA informs EU members and public and establishes Opinion within 6 months EU Council EFSA Opinion to EU Commission, Member State and Applicant Draft decision European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technology Standing Committee on Food Chain and Animal Health

39 Regional/subregional harmonization - suggestion Agencies Intergovernmental agency FAO-RAP ASEAN SAARC Supporting agencies like BCIL, APAARI Options Biology documents Harmonization of information requirements Standard operating procedures Acceptance of safety dossiers Joint research programs on biosafety issues biodiversity Regional information and communication centre (regulations, regulatory decisions, biotechnology and biosafety developments)

40 EFSA response to report on toxicity of HT maize Robust information and communication system

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