Kansas State University Pearl Millet Breeding Program Desalegn D. Serba

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1 Kansas State University Pearl Millet Breeding Program Desalegn D. Serba Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center - Hays ddserba@ksu.edu

2 Mission K-State agriculture research is geared towards the discovery and dissemination of new knowledge, applications and products. The research is supported by public and private resources, are conducted in an atmosphere of open inquiry and academic freedom. Pearl millet breeding program is working on the development of grain and forage type cultivars for Western Kansas dryland and similar areas.

3 Breeding goal Development of inbred parental lines and hybrid cultivars that are improved for stress tolerance, yield, and nutritional quality Normal midrib millet Brown midrib (BMR) millet

4 Current Research Activities

5 Germplasm enhancement

6 Development and evaluation of experimental hybrids

7 Development of 2 nd generation mapping populations for genome study Female Male KPM001A KPM001R KPM008A KPM009R KPM019A KPM012R KPM025A KPM016R NM-5A KPM021R DSA 105A KPM022R Tift 85DA1 NM-6 R1 Tift 99A1 Tift A1 Tift A1 Tift 383 Tift 454 Tift 93-AST TRM S1 Bulk MAGIC-Multi-parent advanced generation intercrossed population 99c A4R4 NAM-nested association mapping population

8 Study of molecular diversity of breeding population and germplasm accessions Region Country Seed source (number of lines) East Africa Somalia PGRC (3) (EA) Kenya GRIN (1) Sudan PGRC (6) India India GRIN (16) UGA (26) Middle East (ME) Yemen PGRC(10) Southern Africa (SA) USA West Africa (WA) DR Congo Malawi Zambia Zimbabwe Kansas Georgia Nebraska Algeria Burkina Faso Chad Gambia Mali Niger Nigeria GRIN(14) GRIN (5) PGRC (12) PGRC (1) GRIN (1), PGRC (2) ARCH (55) Tifton (27) UNL (7) PGRC (9) PGRC (22), GRIN (1) PGRC (5) PGRC (2) GRIN (3) PGRC (50) PGRC (11) Genetic category Germplasm accession Inbred lines Inbred lines Inbred lines Inbred lines Inbred lines

9 The root system for drought tolerance

10 Root growth rate Root length wk1 wk2 wk3 Tift93-AST KPM021R PI

11 Achievements/Outputs

12 Genomic diversity of breeding population Conducted GBS on 400 parental lines and germplasm accessions Detected 82,112 SNPs for 398 genotypes Serba et al., unpublished

13 Neighbor-joining dendrogram Serba et al., unpublished

14 Population structure Serba et al., unpublished

15 Population structure Serba et al., unpublished

16 Forage yield and quality Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on dry forage yield (kg ha -1 ) and crude protein content (cp, % DM) of forage (TifLeaf-3) b a bc ab bc a ab ab ab c N0 N30 N60 N90 N Yield cp

17 Performance of semi-dwarf hybrids and parental lines developed elsewhere in WA Preliminary evaluation nursery 1. Bambey, Senegal 2. Bengou, Niger Bambey, Senegal, October 2016

18 Days to 50% flowering Location Days range Bengou Bambey

19 Downy mildew score Location 0-10 scale Bengou

20 Grain yield Location 250 Grain yield range (kg ha -1 ) Bengou Bambey

21 Overall Observation Positive observation Early maturing OPV-hybrids involving male parents from WA are better than the regular hybrids Staygreen and improved fodder quality Negative observation Inbred parental lines developed in USA are susceptible to downy mildew Semi-dwarf and less biomass for fodder or other uses of stalk

22 Future goals Securing federal and other source of funding - cultivar development and understanding about the genome Strengthen collaboration with WA programs, ICRISAT (ISC), etc Study marker-trait association through NGS and precision phenotyping for genomic assisted breeding Making sure pearl millet- not just a birdfeed in USA

23 Constraints/Needs to move forward Funding - high competition for federal grants Facility -farm equipment, lab, Collaborators -physical distance from potential ones

24 Acknowledgements USDA-GRIN PGR-Canada

25 Thank you