United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre Pollination risk in supply chains

Transcription

1 United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre Pollination risk in supply chains

2 Catalyse private sector action to support the conservation of wild pollinator populations to provide pollination services for multiple beneficiaries and the continued supply of commodities for trade and subsistence

3 1. WHAT IS TO YOU? 2. WHAT DO YOU WANT TO KNOW?

4 WHAT IS?

5 WHAT ANIMALS POLLINATE? Bees Other vertebrates Flies Bats Butterflies Pollinators Birds Moths Ants Beetles Thrips Wasps

6 THE DIVERSITY OF POLLINATORS

7 POLLINATOR STATUS AND TRENDS Countries with published data showing long term wild bee decline

8 POLLINATOR STATUS AND TRENDS Countries included in IUCN Red List Assessment for bees 56% of European bee species were data deficient 9% of European bee species threatened Nieto et al.(2014) European Red List pf Bees. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union.

9 WHAT DRIVES POLLINATOR DECLINE? Source: Vanbergen et al. (2013) Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 11,

10 WHY DOES IT MATTER? Every third mouthful of food relies on pollination 35% of global food production by volume comes from crops that depend on animal pollination to some extent. More than 75% of leading food crops Almost 90% of the world s flowering plants Medicines, biofuels, fibres and construction materials Sources of inspiration for art, music, literature, religion and technology Percentage of agricultural GDP dependent on pollination Klein et al. (2007) Proc Roy Soc B. 274,

11 THE ECONOMIC VALUE: GLOBAL Annual market value linked to pollinators is US$ billion* * in 2015 US$ Source: IPBES 2016

12 THE ECONOMIC VALUE: LOCAL AND REGIONAL Source: IPBES 2016

13 WHAT CAN BE DONE TO CONSERVE POLLINATORS Risks Responses Land use change Provide foraging and nesting resources: o Manage or restore native habitat patches o Establish protected areas o Increase habitat heterogeneity Support practices based on Indigenous and Local Knowledge Intensive agriculture Create patches of flower rich habitat Support organic farming Strengthen existing diversified farming systems Reward farmers for good practices Pesticides Raise standards of risk assessment and regulation of pesticide use Reduce usage Seek alternative forms of pest control Capacity building practitioners and technology Genetically modified crops Raise the standard of risk assessment for approval of GM crops Quantify the indirect, and sublethal, effects of GM crops on pollinators Pathogens and pests Improve managed bee husbandry Improve regulation Climate change Improve connectivity and create refuges? Ensure crop diversity? Invasive species Policies and practices to prevent new invasions

14 BUSINESS APPROACHES TO MANAGING POLLINATOR RISK Sourcing location Crop replacement Alternative pollinators (hives, hand, technology?

15 BEE HIVES AND WILD POLLINATORS 45% increase in hives globally Losses in N. America and many European countries Global Commercial benefits Strength and nature of ecological impacts of invasive bee species variable IPBES 2016 Risks may include: Competition for floral or nesting resources Pests and pathogens Fecundity native plant species Enhance pollination and establishment of exotic weeds

16 BUSINESS APPROACHES TO MANAGING POLLINATOR RISK Sourcing location Crop replacement Alternative pollinators (hives, hand, technology?) Certification schemes RSPO, UTZ, Rainforest Alliance Agricultural practices Conservation activities Research Policy engagement And.?

17 AND SUPPLY CHAINS Catalyse private sector action to support the conservation of wild pollinator populations to provide pollination services for multiple beneficiaries and the continued supply of commodities for trade and subsistence

18 HOW VULNERABLE ARE SUPPLY CHAINS TO POLLINATOR DECLINE? Dependency on pollination Geographic location of production Alternative modes of pollination Gross value of the crop Irreplaceability Sourcing strategy

19 BREAK-OUT GROUPS: WHAT CAN COMPANIES DO? Scenario Pollinators for these crops are declining and a pollination deficit is likely without intervention! Exercise 1 Assess vulnerability (10mins) Exercise 2 Current and future activities to reduce (10mins) Exercise 4 Recommendations to manage risk (10 mins) Report back to group and discuss (20 mins) Certification schemes Conservation activities Research Policy engagement

20 THANK YOU! CHLOE MONTES (UNEP-WCMC) ANNELISA GRIGG (UNEP-WCMC) GEMMA CRANSTON (CISL) LAURA FOX (FFI) LYNN DICKS (UEA)