AGRICULTURAL SAMPLE SURVERY 2004/05( 1997 E.C) VOLUME V

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1 THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA CENTRAL STATISTICAL AUTHORITY AGRICULTURAL SAMPLE SURVERY 2004/05( 1997 E.C) VOLUME V REPORT ON AREA AND PRODUCTION OF BELG SEASON CROPS FOR PRIVATE PEASANT HOLDINGS ADDIS ABABA OCTOBER STATISTICAL BULLETIN 331

2 PAGE CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES II III I INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY Introduction Objectives of te Survey 2 II SURVEY METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING Scope and Coverage of te Survey Sample Design Field Organization Training of Field Staff Metods of Data Collection Data Processing 7 a. Editing, Coding and Verification 7 b. Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation Basic Concepts and Definitions 8 III SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY Comparison of te Performance of te 2003/04 and 2004/05 Area and Production of Major Crops Results of te 2004/05(1997 E.C) Bot Seasons ( Meer and Belg) Comparison of 2003/04 and 2004/05 of Bot Seasons(Meer and Belg) Area and production of Major Crop 15

3 LIST OF TABELS Summary Table A. Estimates of total area and production of major belg crops for private peasant oldings in Etiopia,2004/05(1997 E.C) 11 Summary Table B, Total area and production of major crops for private peasant oldings in Etiopia bot seasons, 2004/05(1997 E.C) 14 Summary Table C, Total cropland area and production of major crops for private peasant oldings in Etiopia, bot seasons 2003/04(1996 E.C) and 2004/05(1997 E.C) 15 Summary Table D, Total cropland area and production of major crops for private peasant oldings in Etiopia,2003/04(1996 E.C) and 2004/05(1997 E.C).. 15 Table 1. Estimates of 2003/04(1996E.C) and 2004/05(1997E.C)Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Season Crops for Private Peasant Holdings in Etiopia. 16 Table2. Estimates of 2003/04(1996 E.C) and 2004/05(1997 E.C) Area and Production of major Belg Season Crops for Private Peasant Holdings in Etiopia, by Region 18 Table 3. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Season Crops for Private 21 Peasant Holdings for 2004/05(1997 E.C) in Etiopia

4 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Estimates of total area under major crops for private peasant oldings in Etiopia, bot seasons,2004/05(1997 E.C) 13 Figure2. Estimates of total production of major crops for private peasant 14 oldings in Etiopia, bot seasons,2004/05(19967e.c) APPENDIX I 33 APPENDIX II 40 APPENDIX III 48 Statistical Tables Presenting Results at National and Regional Levels. 20.

5 I. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY 1.1 INTRODUCTION As it is true in most developing countries, in Etiopia agriculture is te dominant sector of te economy. As a result of tis, Etiopian agriculture contributes te lion sare of te GDP and foreign currency earnings of te country from te sell of agricultural outputs abroad as well as it creates employment opportunity to te majority of te country s population. Hence, agriculture is te major sector expected to play a dominant role to bring about an overall sustainable economic growt to te country, if strenuous efforts are made to modernize te farm activity of te sector as a wole. Among te number of efforts tat sould be made by te concerned stakeolders to meet te desired goal mentioned above, te availability of reliable, compreensive and timely statistical information on te overall performance of te sector is considered essential for use as a primary input to te planning, monitoring and evaluation of agricultural development. In order to minimize te existing data gap, terefore, for te past tree decades, te Central Statistical Autority (CSA) as been conducting te agricultural sample survey under wic four integrated sample surveys designed for te collection of agricultural information on te performances of te sector were launced all over te country on annual basis. Hence, troug performing tese surveys, CSA used to disseminate te results obtained from tese surveys to ultimate users annually. Te 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Belg Season Crop Production Sample Survey, for wic tis report is meant for, is among te four integrated sample surveys launced on annual basis under te umbrella of te agricultural sample survey all over te country. Tis report, wic is Volume IV of te six series of reports, presents quantitative results on crop land area, production, and yield of major Belg crops, grown during te 2004/05 Belg season by private peasant oldings as obtained from te results of te year 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Belg Season Crop Production Sample survey.

6 1.2 Objectives of te Survey Te objectives of te 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Belg Season Crop Production Sample Survey is to produce basic quantitative information on cropland area, production and yield of major Belg season crops, as well as to provide quantitative information on:- cropland area, production and yield of major belg season crops, and te extent and use of different farm management practices on belg season crops suc as fertilized crop land area and quantity of fertilizer used by crop and fertilizer type, irrigated crop land area under improved seed, pesticide treated cropland area etc. Te adequate and timely supply of tis information to ultimate users is terefore, important for use as a primary input in te process of policy formulation, designing developmental agricultural projects and programmmes. Tis report terefore presents quantitative information on te above-mentioned major variables at country and regional levels. II. Survey Metodology, Data Collection and Processing 2.1 Scopes and Coverage Te 2004/5 (1997 E.C) Annual Agricultural Sample Survey (Belg Season) covered te entire rural parts of te country except tree zones of Afar regional state and six zones of Somali regional state were its inabitants are predominantly pastoralists. Accordingly te survey took into account of all parts of Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa, and 58 additional Zones / Special Weredas (tat are treated as zones) of oter regions. Besides, te survey could not also be accomplised in all te zones of Gambella region. Initially, a total of 2,016 enumeration areas were selected to be covered by te survey, and te survey was successfully carried out in all sampled (100 %) EA s. As regard to te ultimate sampling unit, it was planned to conduct te survey on 50,400 agricultural ouseolds and 50,131 (99.47 %) ouseolds were actually covered by te Belg season

7 Agricultural Sample Survey. Distribution of te number of sampling units (planned and covered) by reporting level is presented in Table 2.1 below. Table 2.1. Number of Zones / Strata Covered, Planned and Covered Enumeration Areas & Houseolds by reporting level. Number of Zones Enumeration Areas Houseolds Reporting level Covered Planned Covered Planned Covere d Tigray Afar Amara Oromia Somali Benisangul-Gumuz SNNP Harari * Addis Ababa * Dire Dawa * Total * = Values for tese regions refer only te number of strata (domain of estimation) 2.2 Sample Design A stratified two-stage cluster sample design was used to select te sample. Enumeration areas (EA s) were taken to be te primary sampling units (PSU s) and te secondary sampling units (SSU s) were agricultural ouseolds. Sample enumeration areas from eac stratum were sub-samples of te 2001/2 (1994 E.C) Etiopian Agricultural Sample Enumeration. Tey were selected using probability proportional to size systematic sampling; size being number of agricultural ouseolds obtained from te 1994 Population & Housing Census and adjusted for te sub-sampling effect. Witin eac sample EA a fres list of ouseolds was prepared and 25 agricultural ouseolds from eac sample EA were systematically selected at te second stage. Te survey questionnaire was finally administered for tose 25 agricultural ouseolds selected at te second stage. Information on area under crops, Belg season production of crops, agricultural practices, crop damage, and quantity of agricultural inputs used were obtained from te 25 ouseolds tat were ultimately selected.

8 Te sample size for te (2004/5) agricultural sample survey was determined by taking in to account of bot te required level of precision for te most important estimates witin eac domain and te amount of resources allocated to te survey. In order to reduce nonsampling errors manageability of te survey in terms of quality and operational control was also in addition considered. Except Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa, were te region as a wole were taken to be te domain of estimation, eac zone of a region / special wereda tat is considered to be a zone by itself was adopted as a stratum for wic major findings of te survey are computed. However, by aggregating te results obtained from eac zone te final report is provided only at regional & country level. Estimation procedure for totals & ratios and teir sampling errors are given in Appendix I. Estimates of standard errors and Coefficient of Variations for selected estimates are also presented in Appendix II. Remark: As of te 2001/2 Etiopian Agricultural Sample Enumeration, Addis Ababa City Administration ad a total of 35 enumeration areas. However, during te 2004 Urban Economic Establisments Census it was found tat some of te rural enumeration areas (EAs) were to be part of te urban areas of te city. Consequently only 24 enumeration areas were left as te rural EAs of te City Administration. Terefore, te 2004/5 (1997 E.C) annual Agricultural Sample Survey (Belg Season) covered all te 24 EAs wit certainty. Hence, tere could be great variation among estimates of area & crop production of te 2004/5 (1997 E.C) and tat of te previous years.

9 2.3 Field Organization Te Central Statistical Autority (CSA) branc statistical office eads, field supervisors and enumerators, oter supporting staff and drivers were all involved in te field operation activities of te 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Belg season Crop Production Sample survey. To accomplis te data collection activities, all field enumerators were equipped wit te necessary survey equipment (i.e. compass, programmable calculator, protractor, ruler, measuring tape, balance scale, iron peg, ropes, sample bags etc) at te completion of training. To assist wit te fieldwork and data collection activities all available fourweel drive veicles were used for supervision and collection of completed questionnaires. 2.4 Training of Field Staff Te field staff-training program was carried out in two stages. Te first stage consisted of trainees from te ead office, branc statistical office eads statisticians and some of te field supervisors ave been given training for one week at CSA s eadquarters in Addis Ababa. Many of tose trained in te first stage conducted similar training for field supervisors and enumerators for 10 days in CSA s 24 branc statistical offices, wic are distributed all over te country. During te second stage training, te field staff were given detailed classroom instruction on te objectives and uses of te Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS) concepts, and definitions of terms used, te metod of area measurement, metod of crop cutting, as well as correct interviewing procedures, etc. Te enumerators and supervisors training also included a field practice to reinforce te concepts discussed in te classroom wit regard to field measurement and crop cutting data collection. 2.5 Metods of Data Collection. Except Cropland area of major Belg Season Crop, te data of wic collected objectively using compasses and measuring tape, te information on production of major Belg Season crops and agricultural practices (uses of fertilizer, pesticide, improved seed and

10 irrigation) were subjectively collected by interviewing te olders of sampled ouseolds. Appendix II, illustrates te total number of EAs and ouseolds reporting for te 2004/05 (1997 E.C.)Belg crop productions by region. A major caracteristic of Etiopian agriculture is te existence of two well-known crop production seasons referred to as te Meer (or main) and Belg Seasons. Te generally accepted definition of te Meer season is tat of te long rainy season, wic normally occurs from June to September. Te Belg Season most often refers to small but timely rainy season, wic normally occurs from February to May but in limited areas of te country. Generally, te Meer Season rainy period provides ideal growing conditions for te longer maturing crops. Planting and arvest of Meer crops can extend to December or January in some areas. Most of te time olders rely on sort maturing crops for planting during te Belg rainy period and arvest of te crops is in June or July. A point of contention arises wit respect to te pure definition of te Belg crop. Belg cropping practices are eterogeneous across different portions of te country. Te nature of te sowing period also overlaps wit some of te Meer Season crops. Consequently, te report on Belg Season crops in te past faced a problem of a clearly defined growing period. It is important not to overlook or miss agricultural practices performed all year round due to use of irrigation or soil moister from sufficiently dried areas tat from timeto-time are swampy or marsy. To elp clarify te two-crop season, te following definition as been in use since 1987/88: Belg Season Crops were defined as any crops tat are arvested during te monts of Marc to August, wile tose crops tat are arvested during September to February are considered Meer (or main) season crops. Tis report consists of estimates of area, production and yield per ectare of major Belg Season crops for te year 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Te data collection period for obtaining te area, production and agricultural practices of te Belg season crops ranged from Sene 15-30, 1996 E.C. (i.e. From June 23 to July 7, 2004). Data on area under

11 Belg season crop are collected objectively using compass and measuring tapes, wile data on production of belg season crops were using subjective metod based on face-toface interviewing of te older by te enumerator. Data on production of belg season crops are usually reported in local production measuring units tat require conversion to an equivalent metric unit using te conversion factors available for local units at Wereda level prepared by CSA. Te conversions factors ave been constructed from experimentally derived data using actual older production data associated wit eac local unit. 2.6 Data Processing a. Editing, Coding and Verification To insure te quality of te collected survey data an editing, coding, and verification instruction manual was written, and seventeen editors, data coders and verifiers were trained for one day to edit, code and verify te data using te aforementioned manual as a reference and teacing aid. Te enumerator completed edited and coded questionnaires sent to te ead office were torougly verified by trained verifiers on a 100% basis before te questionnaires were sent to te data entry unit. Te editing, coding, verification and data entry of all questionnaires was completed in tirty-one days. b. Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation Before starting data entry computer edit specifications were prepared for use on personal computers, utilizing te Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS) Software for data consistency cecking purposes. Te data on te coded questionnaires were ten entered into te IMPS software on personal computers. Te data was ten cecked and cleaned using te computer edit specifications prepared earlier for tis purpose. Fifty-six data encoders were involved in

12 tis total process and it took fourteen days to complete te job. Finally, tabulation was done on personal computers to produce results as indicated in te tabulation plan. 2.7 BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS For better understanding and ultimate use of te data presented in tis report, te definitions of concepts and terminology used for te collection of all types of data of te 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Belg season Crop Production Sample survey are presented ere below: - Enumeration Area (EA): An Enumeration Area in rural parts of te Country is a locality tat is less tan or equal to a farmer s association area and usually it consists of ouseolds. Houseold:- A ouseold may be eiter; a) a one person ouseold, tat is a person wo makes provision for is own food or oter essentials for living witout combining wit any oter person to form part of a multi person ouseold or b) a multi person ouseold, tat is, a group of two or more persons wo live togeter and make common provision for food or oter essentials for living. Te persons in te group may pool teir incomes and ave a common budget to greater or lesser extent. Tey may be related unrelated persons, or a combination of bot. Agricultural Houseold:- A ouseold is considered an agricultural ouseold wen at least one member of te ouseold is engaged in growing crops and/or breeding and raising livestock in private or in partnersip wit oters. Holder:- A older is a person wo exercises management control over te operations of te agricultural olding and takes te major decision regarding te utilization of te available resources. He as tecnical and economic responsibility for te olding. He may operate te olding directly as an owner or as a manager.

13 Under conditions of traditional agricultural olding te older may be regarded as te person, wo wit or witout elps, of oters, operates land or raises livestock in is own rigt, i.e. te person wo decides on wat, wen were and ow to grow crops or raise livestock and as rigt to determine te utilization of te products. Holding: - A olding is all te land and livestock kept wic is used wolly or partly for agricultural production and is operated as one tecnical unit by one person alone, or wit oters, witout regard to title, legal form, size or location. Parcel: - A parcel of olding is any piece of land entirely surrounded by land, Water, road, forest, etc. Wic is not part of te olding. It may consist one or more cadastral units, plots or field adjacent to eac oter. Field: - A field is defined as any plot of land, wic is a parcel or part of a parcel under te same crop. Belg Season Crops: - are defined as any crops tat are arvested during te monts of Marc (Megabit) to August (Nease). Meer Season Crops: - are tose crops tat are arvested during September (Meskerem) to February (Yekatit) are considered as main (Meer) season crops. Irrigated area: - refers to te area of land purposely and actually provided wit water, oter tan by rain, for improving te production of crops. Te uncontrolled flooding of land by te over flow of rivers or streams is not categorized as irrigation practice altoug sometimes farmers use tis incidence for production. Improved Seed: is defined as crop variety, wic gives significantly iger yield, better quality and/or better benefit compared to traditional varieties of seeds, and usually produced by te Etiopian Seed Enterprise (ESE) in Etiopia. Fertilizer: - refers to anyting added to te soil intended to increase te amount of plant nutrients available for crop growt. Usually fertilizers are divided into two parts, Natural and commercial. Examples of natural fertilizers are farmyard manure and wood ases

14 wile commercial fertilizers are DAP (Di-Ammonium pospate) and UREA (Ammonium Nitrate). Pesticides: Pesticides are cemicals useful for te mitigation, control or elimination of pests wic are trouble some or armful to crop. Insecticides, erbicides and fungicides are all considered as pesticides.

15 III. SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY. In tis part of te report te estimates of total Belg cropland area and production of te 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Belg season are presented. Te following are discussions on te major findings of te 2004/05 Belg season crop production survey. According to te 2004/05 (1997 E.C.)Belg season crop production sample survey results, it is estimated tat major Belg crops covered about tousand ectares of land and a total of tousand quintals of production was obtained at country level. Out of tis total cropland area under Belg crops, te igest wic is about tousand ectares (81.04%) were under cereals followed by pulses tat covered about tousand ectares (17.97%), and about 9.67 tousand ectares (0.99%) were covered by oilseed crops. From te above-mentioned total cropland area, an estimated production of about tousand quintals (93.49%) and tousand quintals (6.32%) of cereals and pulses are obtained at country level, respectively. Summary Table A. Estimates of Total Area and Production of Major Belg season Crops for Private Peasant Holdings in Etiopia, 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Total Area Total Production Crop Type In tousands In tousands (a.) % (Ql.) % Cereal Pulses Oilseeds * * All Crops

16 3.1. General Over-view on te Performance of Crop Production Activities of te 2004/05 Belg Season as compared to te 2003/04(1996 E.C.) In tis section of te report an attempt is made to compare te performance of Belg seasons of te year 2003/04 (1996 E.C.) wit tat of te 2004/05 (1997 E.C.)Belg Season in terms of total cropland area, production and yield of major Belg season crops. (See Tables 1 and 2). As indicated in Table 1, one can easily observe tat te 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Belg season crop production activities is better, by 9.51% for area and by % for production, wen compared to te 2003/04 (1996 E.C.) Belg season cropland area and production estimates. A very clear indicator for tis is tat in te year 2004/05 Belg season crop production activities, Belg crops were grown on a total area of tousand ectares wit a corresponding production of tousand quintals; were as te estimates of area and production for te year 2003/04 were tousand ectares and quintals, respectively. A close evaluation of te performance of eac Belg crop ave indicated tat some of te Belg crops like, teff,, aricot beans and barley ave sown a significant increase in crop production, i.e % increase in crop area and % increase in production for teff, troug 2.60% increase in crop area and % increase in production for barley. (For details see Table 1) As it can be observed from te comparison made in bot tables (Tables 1 and 2), one can easily conclude tat bot te total area covered by Belg Season crops and te respective volume of production produced in te year 2004/05(1997 E.C) as sown a significant increase compared to tat of te year 2003/04 (1996 E.C).

17 3.2 Results of 2004/05 (1997 E.C.)Bot Seasons (Meer and Belg) In tis section of te report, an attempt is made to present te total cropland area and production of major crops obtained during te year 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) bot season arvest. Accordingly, Summary Table B-D presents te estimates of area and production of major crops for bot Meer and Belg seasons. Te total area and production of major crops in 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) bot seasons, was estimated to be million ectares and million quintals, respectively. Out of te above mentioned totals, 0.91 (8.49%) million ectares and 6.67(5.30%) million quintals was te contribution of Belg season. (For te details see Figs 1 and 2, and Summary Tables B and C). Figure 1.Estimates of total area under major crops for private oldings in Etiopia for bot seasons 2004/05(1997 E.C.) Belg Season 8.49% Meer Season 91.51% Out of te total output of major crops (bot Meer and Belg Seasons) of 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) te total area under Cereals accounted for about 8.44 million ectares (78.73%) wit a production of million quintals (84.73%).

18 Figure2. Estimates of total production of major crops for private oldings in Etiopia for bot seasons 2004/05 (1997 E.C) Belg Season 5.30% Meer Season 94.70% About 1.45 million ectares (13.53%) wit a production of million quintals (11.05%) accounted for pulses, and 0.83 million ectares (7.74%) wit a production of 5.27 million quintals (4.22%) accounted for oil seeds. For details see summary Table B). Summary Tabel B. Total Area and Production of Major Crops for Private Peasant Holdings in Etiopia Bot Seasons, 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) TYPE OF AREA IN MILLION HECTARES CROP MEHER % BELG % BOTH % CEREALS PULSES OILSEEDS Total TYPE OF PRODUCTION IN MILLION QUINTALS CROP MEHER % BELG % BOTH % CEREALS PULSES OILSEEDS * * * *

19 3.3 Comparison of 2003/04 and 2004/05 of Bot Seasons (Meer and Belg) Area and production of Major Crops Comparison of te total area and production of 2003/04 (1996E.C.) and 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) was made for bot seasons and Belg season separately, in summary Tables C and D, respectively. Summary Table C. Total Cropland area and Production of Major Crops for Private Peasant Holdings in Etiopia (Bot seasons), 2003/04 (1996 E.C.) and 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) AREA IN MILLION HECTARES PROD. IN MILLION QUINTALS TYPE OF 2003/ /05 % age 2003/ /05 % age CROP (1996 E.C) (1997 E.C) CHANGE (1996 E.C) (1997 E.C) CHANGE CEREALS PULSES OILSEEDS * * TOTAL Accordingly, te 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) bot seasons total outputs of te major crops ave increased by 12.02% in area, and by 18.34% in production as compared to te 2003/04(1996) results. Similarly, te 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) total area and production for major Belg Season crops as increased by 11.24% and %, respectively, as compared to te 2003/04 (1996 E.C) Belg Season crops. For details refer to summary Table D. Summary Table D. Total Cropland Area and Production of Major Belg Season Crops For Private Peasant Holdings in Etiopia, 2003/04 (1996 E.C.) and 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Belg Season BELG SEASONS TYPE OF AREA IN MILLION HECTARES PRODUCTION IN MILLION QUINTALS CROP 2003/04 (1996 E.C) 2004/05 (1997 E.C) % age CHANGE 2003/04 (1996 E.C)) 2004/05 (1997 E.C) % age CHANGE CEREALS PULSES OILSEEDS * * * TOTAL

20 Comparison of te total area and production of 2003/04 (1996E.C.) and 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) was made for Belg reporting regions, and is presented in Table 2. Wen we compare nationally, te general trend sows an increase in bot area and production. An independent observation of eac region actually sows a decrease of area in Tigray, Afar and Somale Regions. On te oter and, an increase in production ad been observed in Somale, S.N.N.P, Amara, and Oromiya, out of wic te increase in area of Harari and te increase in production of Somale are significant, i.e, % and %, respectively. Tigray region is te only region in wic a decrease in production as been observed. NOTES: - 1. Some estimates in all reporting levels are excluded due to ig coefficient of variations. Neverteless, tey are incorporated in te total estimates. Hence te sum of te specific estimates may not be equal to te total estimates. 2. Users are also advised to use tose estimates wit 30-50% coefficient of variation (CV) cautiously 3. Even toug area is reported for some crops in some reporting levels, no production data is available suc cases are designated by Not Stated (NS). On te oter and, in all tables - labeled for data not available totally. 4. All Estimates Exclude Gambella Region

21

22 Table 1. Estimates of 2003/04 (1996 E.C.) and 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Season Crops for PrivatePeasant Holdings, in Etiopia Total Area ('000 Ha) Total Production ('000 Qt) Yield Crop Type 2003/ /05 % 2003/ /05 % 2003/ /05 % (1996 E.C.) (1997 E.C.) Cange (1996 E.C.) (1997 E.C.) Cange (1996 E.C.) (1997 E.C.) Cange Grain Crop Cereals Teff Barley Weat * * 0.54 * * Maize Sorgum * * Finger Millet * 1.62 * * 0.87 * * * * Oats/'Aja' * * * * * Rice * * * * * * * * * Pulses Fabab Beans * * * * * * Field Peas * * * * * Haricot Beans Cick Peas * * * * * Lentils * 5.58 * * * * Grass Peas 3.9 * * * * * * * * Soya Bean * * * * - * * - * Fenugreek 1.57 * * * 0.46 * * * * Gibto * * * * - * * - * Oilseeds * * * Neug 7.62 * * * * * * * * Line Seed * 5.77 * * * * * * * Groundnuts * * * * * * * * * Sufflower * 0.31 * * * * * * * Sesame * * * * * * * * * Rapeseed * * * * * * * * Excluding Gambella Region

23 Table 2. Estimates of 2003/04(1996 E.C.) and 2004/05(1997 E.C.) Area and Production of Major Belg Season Crops for Private Peasant Holdings in Etiopia, by Region Area under major crops ('000 Ha) Production under major crops ('000 Qt) Region 2003/ /05 % 2003/ /05 % (1996 E.C) (1997 E.C) Cange (1996 E.C) (1997 E.C) Cange Tigray Afar * * * Amara Oromiya Somali Bensangul-Gumz * * * S.N.N.P Gambela NA NA NA NA - - Harari * * * Addis Ababa Dire Dawa * All Regions

24 Table 3. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Etiopia Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops Cereals Teff Barley Weat * * * Maize Sorgum * Finger millet * Oats/'Aja' * Rice * * * * * Pulses Faba Beans * * * Field peas * Haricot beans Cick-peas * Lentils * Grass Peas * * * * * Soya beans.... * * * Fenugreek * * * Gibto.... * * * Oilseeds * * Neug.... * * * * * * Linseed * * * Groundnuts * * * * * Sufflower * * * Sesame * * * * * Rapeseed * * *

25 Table 4. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Tigray Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops Cereals Teff * Barley Weat.... * * * * * * Maize Sorgum.... * * * * * * Finger millet.... * * * * * * Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses Faba Beans * * * * * * Field peas.... * * * * * * Haricot beans Cick-peas.... * * * * * * Lentils.... * * * * * * Grass Peas Soya beans Fenugreek.... * * * * * * Gibto Oilseeds.... * * * * * Neug Linseed.... * * * * * * Groundnuts Sufflower.... * * * Sesame Rapeseed.... * * * - - -

26 Table 5. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Afar Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops * * Cereals * * Teff * * * Barley * - Weat * - Maize.... * * * * * * Sorgum * - Finger millet * - Oats/'Aja' * - Rice * - Pulses * * Faba beans * - Field peas * - Haricot beans.... * * * * * * Cick-peas * - Lentils * - Grass Peas * - Soya beans * - Fenugreek * - Gibto * - Oilseeds.... * * * - * Neug * - Linseed * - Groundnuts * - Sufflower * - Sesame.... * * * - * - Rapeseed * -

27 Table 6. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Amara Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops Cereals Teff Barley Weat Maize Sorgum.... * * * * * * Finger millet.... * * * * * * Oats/'Aja' Rice.... * * * * * * Pulses Faba beans.... * * * * * * Field peas * Haricot beans * * * Cick-peas * Lentils * Grass Peas * * * * * Soya beans Fenugreek * * * * * Gibto Oilseeds * * * * Neug.... * * * * * * Linseed * * * Groundnuts Sufflower.... * * * * * * Sesame Rapeseed.... * * * * * *

28 Table 7. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Hodings For Belg Season 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Oromia Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops Cereals Teff Barley Weat * * * Maize Sorgum * * * Finger millet.... * * * * * * Oats/'Aja' * * * Rice.... * * * Pulses Faba beans * * * Field peas * Haricot beans Cick-peas * * * Lentils * Grass Peas * * * * * * Soya beans.... * * * Fenugreek.... * * * * * * Gibto.... * * * Oilseeds * * Neug.... * * * Linseed * * * Groundnuts.... * * * * * * Sufflower.... * * * Sesame.... * * * Rapeseed * * *

29 Table 8. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holding For Belg Season 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Somale Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops Cereals Teff Barley.... * * * * * * Weat.... * * * * * * Maize Sorgum * Finger millet.... * * * Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses * * Faba beans Field peas Haricot beans * * * Cick-peas Lentils Grass Peas Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds * * Neug.... * * * Linseed Groundnuts.... * * * Sufflower Sesame.... * * * * * * Rapeseed

30 Table 9. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Bensangul-Gumuz Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops * * Cereals * Teff * - Barley * - Weat * - Maize * * Sorgum.... * * * - * - Finger millet * - Oats/'Aja' * - Rice * - Pulses * * Faba beans * - Field peas * - Haricot beans * * * Cick-peas * - Lentils * - Grass Peas * - Soya beans * - Fenugreek * - Gibto * - Oilseeds.... * * * - * Neug * - Linseed * - Groundnuts * - Sufflower * - Sesame * - Rapeseed.... * * * - * -

31 Table 10. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) (S.N.N.P.R) Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops Cereals Teff Barley * * * Weat Maize * * * Sorgum * Finger millet * * * Oats/'Aja'.... * * * Rice * * Pulses Faba beans * * * Field peas Haricot beans Cick-peas * * * Lentils * Grass Peas * * * Soya beans.... * * * Fenugreek * * * Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed * * * Groundnuts * * * * * Sufflower * * * Sesame * * * Rapeseed.... * * * * * *

32 Table 11. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Harari Region Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops * * Cereals * * Teff * - Barley * - Weat * - Maize * * * Sorgum * * * Finger millet * - Oats/'Aja' * - Rice * - Pulses * Faba beans * - Field peas * - Haricot beans * * Cick-peas * - Lentils * - Grass Peas * - Soya beans * - Fenugreek * - Gibto * - Oilseeds.... * * * - * Neug * - Linseed * - Groundnuts.... * * * - * - Sufflower * - Sesame * - Rapeseed * -

33 Table 12. Cropland Area, Production and Yield of Major Belg Crops For Private Peasant Holdings For Belg Season 2004/05 (1997 E.C.) Dire Da wa Number Cropland Area Production Yield Crop Name Of In In Holders Hectares % Quintals % QT/HA Grain Crops Cereals Teff Barley Weat Maize Sorgum Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice.... * * * Pulses * * Faba beans Field peas Haricot beans * * * Cick-peas Lentils Grass Peas Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sufflower Sesame Rapeseed

34 APPENDIX I Estimation Procedures of Totals, Ratios and Sampling Errors Te following formulas were used to estimate total area of land under specific crop, production and yield of specific crop in a stratum. 1. For Estimating Total Area of Land Under Specific Crop: n n = i A Wi aij = i= 1 j= 1 i= 1 M H i in wic, W i = is te basic weigt. n m i i W Were: represents te stratum is te total number of sample EAs successfully covered in te t stratum. n i a i M is te measure of size of te t stratum as obtained from te sampling frame. m i is te measure of size of te i t sample EA in te t stratum obtained from te sampling frame. H i is te total number of agricultural ouseolds of te i t sample EA in te t stratum. i is te number of sample agricultural ouseolds successfully covered in te i t sample EA in te t stratum. a ij is te value of area for agricultural ouseolds j, in te i t EA in te t strtatum under a specific crop. a i is te sample total area under specific crop for EA i in stratum  estimate of total area under specific crop in stratum 2. For Estimating Total Production Under Specific Crop: Ρ = n W i i= 1 Ρ i in wic, Ρ i = a * Y i i

35 Were, i i i C Y Y 16 = is average yield per square meter of a specific crop in te i t EA in te t stratum. Ρ is estimate of total quantity of production of a specific crop in te t stratum. i Y is sample total quantity of production of a specific crop from defined area of land for crop cutting of a crop in te i t EA in te t stratum. i Ρ is estimate of total quantity of production under specific crop for EA i in stratum. i C is te number of crop cutting of a specific crop in te i t EA in te t stratum. 3. For Estimating Yield of a Specific Crop in Stratum : A Y Ρ = 4. Sampling Variance of Estimates: Sampling variance for te estimate of stratum total of area, production and yield for a specific crop are estimated by te following formulas. = = = + = i j i i ij n i i i i n i i A A f f n A A n n f A Var ) (1 1 ) (1 ) ( ) (1 1 ) (1 ) ( = = = Ρ Ρ + Ρ Ρ = Ρ i j i i ij n i i i i n i i f f n n n f Var [ ] ), ( 2 ) ( ) ( 1 ) ( 2 2 A Cov Y A Var Y Var A Y Var Ρ + Ρ = Were, Ρ Ρ + Ρ Ρ = Ρ = = = i i ij j i i ij n i i i i i n i i A A f f n n A A n n f A Cov i 1 ) (1 1 ) (1 ), ( f = average first stage probability of selection of EAs witin stratum. i i i H f = = average second stage probability of selection witin te i t sample EA in stratum.

36 A, Ρ are weigted total area and production, respectively, of a specific crop in te i t EA and t i ij i ij stratum. A, Ρ are weigted values of area and production, respectively, from j t agricultural ouseold in te i t EA and t stratum under a specific crop. Since all strata are independent, te total variance at regional and country level is computed by aggregating te result obtained at Zone/Special Wereda level, i.e. L L L ( A) = Var( A, ( Ρ ) = Var( P ) andvar( Y) = ( Y Var ) Var ) Were, L is te number of strata (Zone/Special Wereda). In estimating te sampling variance by te above formula, selection of EAs witin a stratum is assumed to be wit replacement. By so doing te variance estimate may be sligtly over estimated but it greatly simplifies te estimation procedure. 5. Coefficient of Variation (CV) of Estimates: Coefficient of Variation (CV) in percentage of estimate of stratum total of area, production and yield for a specific crop are given by: Var( A ) Var( Ρ ) CV ( A ) *100, ( ) *100, ( = CV Ρ = CV Y ) = A Ρ Var( Y Y 6. Ninety-Five Percent Confidence Interval (CI) of Stratum Total of Area: ) *100 A ± 1.96 * SE( ), A Were SE A ) = Var( A ) is standard error of te estimate of te stratum total of area. ( Estimates of standard error and confidence interval for te oter estimates can also be calculated by adopting te above formulas.

37 APPENDIX II Standard Errors and Coefficient of variations for te Estimates of Number of Holders, Area and Production of Major Crops, 2004/5 (1997 E.C) Agricultural Sample Survey, Belg Season Table 1 Estimates for National Crop Holder Area Production Estimate S.E. C.V In % Hectares S.E. C.V In % Quintals S.E. C.V In % TOTAL Cereals Teff Barley Weat Maize Sorgum Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses Horse.beans Field.peas Haricot beans Cick-peas Lentils Vetc Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sufflower Sesame Rapeseed Table 2 Estimates for Tigray Region Crop Holder Area Production Estimate S.E. C.V In % Hectares S.E. C.V In % Quintals S.E. C.V In % TOTAL Cereals Teff Barley Weat Maize Sorgum Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses Horse.beans Field.peas Haricot beans Cick-peas Lentils Vetc Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sufflower Sesame Rapeseed

38 Table 3 Estimates for Afar Region Crop Holder Area Production Estimate S.E. C.V In % Hectares S.E. C.V In % Quintals S.E. C.V In % TOTAL Cereals Teff Barley Weat Maize Sorgum Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses Horse.beans Field.peas Haricot beans Cick-peas Lentils Vetc Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sufflower Sesame Rapeseed Table 4 Estimates for Amara Region Crop Holder Area Production Estimate S.E. C.V In % Hectares S.E. C.V In % Quintals S.E. C.V In % TOTAL Cereals Teff Barley Weat Maize Sorgum Finger millet Oats/'Aja' Rice Pulses Horse.beans Field.peas Haricot beans Cick-peas Lentils Vetc Soya beans Fenugreek Gibto Oilseeds Neug Linseed Groundnuts Sufflower Sesame Rapeseed