Vision ICAR Research Complex for Goa (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) Old Goa , Goa, India.

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1 Vision 2030 ICAR Research Compex for Goa (Indian Counci of Agricutura Research) Od Goa , Goa, India

2 VISION 2030 ICAR Research Compex for Goa (Indian Counci of Agricutura Research) Od Goa , Goa, India i

3 PRINTED : June, 2011 Compiation : Director : Editors : Technica Officer (Designing) : Dr. S.K. Das, Dr. S. Subramanian Dr. V. Arunachaam, Dr. B.L. Manjunath and Dr. R. Ramesh Dr. N.P. Singh Dr. N.P. Singh & Dr. S.B. Barbuddhe Mr. S.K. Marathe A Rights Reserved 2011, ICAR Research Compex for Goa, Od Goa. Pubished by the Director, ICAR Research Compex for Goa, Ea, Od Goa , India Te: , /678/679, Fax: , Emai: director@icargoa.res.in, Website: Laser typeset and printed in India at M/s Sahyadri Offset Systems, Tiswadi, Corim Ihas, Goa ii

4 meùe cesje peùees [e. Sme. DeÙÙehheve meefûeje SJeb ceneefveosmekeâ Dr. S. Ayyappan Secretary & Director Genera Yeeje mejkeâej ke=âef<e DevegmebOeeve Deewj efme#ee efjeyeeie SJeb YeejeerÙe ke=âef<e DevegmebOeeve heefj<eo ke=âef<e ceb$eeueùe, ke=âef<e YeJeve, vef& efouueer Government of India Department of Agricutura Research & Education and Indian Counci of Agricutura Reearch Ministry of Agricuture, Krishi Bhavan, New Dehi Te.: ; , Fax: E-mai: dg.icar@nic.in Foreword The diverse chaenges and constraints as growing popuation, increasing food, feed and fodder needs, natura resource degradation, cimate change, new parasites, sow growth in farm income and new goba trade reguations demand a paradigm shift in formuating and impementing the agricutura research programmes. The emerging scenario necessitates the institutions of ICAR to have perspective vision which coud be transated through proactive, nove and innovative research approach based on cutting edge science. In this endeavour a of the institutions of ICAR, have revised and prepared respective Vision-2030 documents highighting the issues and strategies reevant for the next twenty years. The ICAR Research Compex, Goa estabished in 1989 is a mutidiscipinary Institute mandated to address different issues such as resource conservation, watershed approach for water conservation, conservation of biodiversity, integrated farming system approach incorporating horticuture, anima husbandry and fishery for maximum utiization of avaiabe resources, cimate change impact iii

5 and mitigation strategies for agricuture, empoyment generation and iveihood improvement, vaue addition and post harvest processing, agro tourism for the coasta ecosystem. It is expected that the anaytica approach and forward ooking concepts presented in the 'Vision 2030' document wi prove usefu for the researchers, poicymakers and stakehoders to address the future chaenges for growth and deveopment of the agricutura sector and ensure food and income security with a human touch. Dated the 17th June, 2011 New Dehi (S. Ayyappan) iv

6 Sve.heer. efmebn efveosmekeâ Dr. N.P. Singh Director ieesjee kesâ efues Yee.ke=â.Deveg.he. keâe DevegmebOeeve heefjmej (YeejeerÙe ke=âef<e DevegmebOeeve heefj<eo) ICAR Research Compex for Goa (Indian Counci of Agricutura Research) Od Goa Te: /678/679 Fax: Emai: director@icargoa.res.in Preface The ICAR Research Compex for Goa was estabished in Apri, 1976 by the Indian Counci of Agricutura Research, New Dehi. This center was the humbe beginning under the administrative and technica contro of ICAR Research Compex for NEH Region, Shiong, Meghaaya for a short spe and then with the Centra Pantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Keraa. After functioning at different Government farms in Goa, it was finay shifted to its present ocation at Ea, Od Goa in To intensify further the transfer of farm technoogy and to impart grass root eve vocationa training, a Krishi Vigyan Kendra was aso estabished at the Research Compex in The ICAR, New Dehi, upgraded the Research Compex to a fu fedged Institute in Apri, 1989 keeping in mind the ever growing needs of agricutura research, education and extension of the state of Goa. The Research Compex is mandated with the appied and strategic research with some amount of basic research specific to this region, in fied crops, horticuture, ivestock and fisheries. Initiay to orient the research programme to the requirements of next 25 years a perspective pan was prepared for a period upto However, with changing agricutura scenario v

7 of this state and of this Konkan region necessary up gradation of programme was fet necessary. Therefore the present documentation of Vision 2030 is formuated in the context of cimate change scenario, gobaization and iberaization, simutaneousy keeping in minds the needs of farming community of this region. The document wi serve as a ready reference to guide researchers, panners, and above a farming community for a round deveopment of agricuture and aied sector of this region. The contribution made by a scientists to prepare this document, contribution of Dr S.B. Barbuddhe to compie and edit the document and effort made by Mr S Marathe for timey printing is appreciated. I woud ike to pace on records the critica review and suggestions made by Dr S. Ayyappan, Secretary, DARE and Director-Genera, ICAR and Dr A K Singh, DDG (NRM) in making the document reevant and usefu one. Dated: Od Goa. N P Singh Director vi

8 Contents Foreword Preface iii v Preambe 1 Scenario 3 Mission and Mandate 9 Growth 10 ICAR RCG Harnessing Science 15 Strategy and Framework 21 Epiogue 24 Annexure 25 vii

9 viii

10 Preambe The coasta state of Goa is situated aong the Konkan tract bound by Arabian sea on the West and the states of Karnataka and Maharashtra on the other three sides. Agricuture represents the third important economic activity in Goa providing iveihood to 16 % of the popuation after tourism and mining. Whie agricuture contributes just over 10 percent of the State s SDP, over 35 percent of Goa s popuation is party or fuy dependent on it. Through a cear vision, couped with innovation, resourcefuness and hard work, Goa wi have to stimuate economic growth by everaging its core competencies such as idea agro cimatic conditions, 300 days of sunshine, average 3000 mm of annua rainfa, tropica temperature zone, fertie soi idea for rice cutivation and horticuture crops ike coconut, cashew mango, pineappe and banana, human resources, natura resources, scope for ivestock enterprises, a coastine of over 120 kms, network of natura rivers and waterways of which over 250 kms are navigabe and forest cover of neary 34 per cent with rich bio-diversity. The probem in respect of fied crops is getting further aggravated due to increasing scarcity and cost of abour especiay in fied crops ike rice and sugarcane, which are abour intensive an consequenty there is gradua shift to horticutura crops. There is high genetic variabiity among horticutura crops. There is increasing emphasis on mixed farming wherein farming system research incuding watershed management is gaining importance. More than 80% of hodings ess than 1 ha. About ha of Khajan and and 2000 ha of mangroves need to be preserved for ecoogica reasons as we as for food production. Goa does not have an agricutura university or other Institute to ook after specific agricutura research needs of the state. ICAR Research Compex for Goa was upgraded to the status of an independent Institute in 1989 to cater to the agricutura research needs of the Goa region. In order to undertake transfer of technoogy and training programmes for farmers as we as fied functionaries, Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) was estabished in It is a muti-discipinary and muticommodity research Institution. The Research Compex carries out appied and strategic research with some amount of basic research specific to this region, in fied crops, horticuture, ivestock and fisheries. The research activities are carried out through 30 ongoing research projects distributed in crop improvement and protection, resource management and intergrated production, horticuture, anima sciences and fisheries and transfer of technoogy programmes of KVK. In the new roe, Institute shoud be caed upon to coordinate 1

11 ICAR Research Compex for Goa deveopment of technoogies with various Institutions of ICAR as we as State Agricutura Universities in a network mode and aso take the modes of Integrated farming systems to other areas. This woud ead to effective utiization of resources and much greater impact. The forward path for stimuating horticuture as a growth engine is to focus on deveoping both a food processing sector as we as a fresh produce sector. The Institute aso have mandate to study effect of cimate change in west coast, mitigation strategies and coping natura disasters. The critica areas that need to be addressed incude deveopment of integrated farming system modes for effective utiization of avaiabe homestead resources and hoistic watershed deveopment, diversification through deveopment of agro-eco tourism, effective utiization of faow ands for profitabe production of fied and horticutura crops, rehabiitation of mine reject sois, ivestock rearing, diversification in brackishwater aquacuture and strengthening of secondary agricuture. 2

12 Scenario Goa State has a tota geographica area of 3, 61,113 ha covering both North and South Goa districts out of which an area of 1.25 akh ha is under forests Goa, in the West coast region has coasta pains, interior hinterands and eevated unduated terrain towards the Western Ghats. An area of about sq. km is considered as tota waste and avaiabe in Goa. These incude water ogged and marshy areas (41 sq.km), mining industria wasteands ( sq.km) and upand with or without scrub ( sq.km), under utiized degraded notified forest and (72 sq.km) and barren stony areas (58.6 sq.km). The tota net sown area in Goa state is 1.41 akh ha. Land, water and biodiversity are the most vita natura resources. Management of these natura resources assumes greater importance as they provide ife supporting systems. These resources serve as a means and reguate the eco-system deveopment. Over-expoitation and mismanagement of these resources is causing a serious threat to production system and degradation of natura resource base. Resource Management The natura resource management speciay with respect to soi, water and crop management are being researched through the Institute and sponsored programmes. The coasta ecosystem being fragie, sustainabe management technoogies are being evoved and it is further to be strengthened to meet the chaenging needs of the future. West Coast ecosystem is a unique entity with wide range of topography, sois and cimate, crop bio-diversity from the agricuture point of view. Warm humid tropica cimate of the region favours a variety of fora and fauna for their growth and deveopment. It is one of the richest ecosystems from the economic point of view. West coast region has coasta pains, interior hinterands and eevated unduated terrain towards the Western Ghats. Major Crops and Demand The current crop husbandry in the region incudes rice and rice based cropping system dominating the owands of the region whie cashew and coconut based systems in the upands. Rice-rice system athough is practiced to a imited extent, rice-puse, rice-groundnut and rice-vegetabe dominates the scenario. Cashew is grown ess intensivey mosty as mono crop. Coconut 3

13 ICAR Research Compex for Goa gardens are often inter/mix cropped with banana, spices ike pepper, vania etc, in the region. Genera information about Goa Tota geographica area 3,61,113 ha Gross Cropped area 1,68,634 ha Forest Area 1,42,446 ha Number of Districts 2 Number of Taukas 12 Popuation 14,57,723 Literacy 87 % Per capita income ` 1,32,719 Languages Konkani, Marathi, Hindi and Engish Horticuture is a major component in agricuture of Goa with two major pantation crops on arge scae (cashew in ha and coconut in ha). At present about 45 units process cashew in Goa with a tota capacity of 50,000 mt. Goa state being an internationay renowned tourist destination with huge infux of tourists from both domestic and internationa throughout the year, the requirement of fresh fruits and vegetabes is aways high. Assuming the recommended dietary requirements and predicted consumption patterns, Goa wi require about 1 to 1.2 akh t/yr. fruits and vegetabes each by the year Kokum (Garcinia indica) is native to Goa and exhibits great variabiity owing to its cross-poinating nature and seeding origin. This makes kokum deserve a thorough study on genetic diversity. Though there is rich diversity, there are no commercia orchards of kokum. In Goa, the area under vegetabe crops during was 8,213 ha with the annua production of about 84,290 tonnes. But the production and productivity of vegetabe crops over the year is stagnant in comparison to growing demand. The area under cutivabe faow and is aso increasing year by year thus posing serious threat to avaiabiity of vegetabe and other agricutura produces from Goa in the coming days. It is high time to devise a sustainabe poicy to improve the vegetabe area and production to meet the requirement of oca popuation and tourists. The priority area of improvement woud be to introduce arge scae cutivation of hybrid vegetabes in major crops. The oca vegetabe types cutivated fetch premium price apart from its demand among the oca popuation. But the productivity eves of these types of vegetabes are ow compared to nationa varieties and the yied gap from hybrid vegetabes is wide. Hence introduction of improved varieties/hybrids in major vegetabe 4

14 Vision 2030 crops foowed by arge scae cutivation of vegetabe crops with improved production technoogies may increase the production and productivity of these high vaue crops. Thus, the immediate goa woud be to raise the present productivity eve of 10 tonnes / hectare to nationa average of 15 tonnes / hectare, which wi add amost 50 per cent more production of vegetabes per year. The cimate in Goa is highy suitabe for many cut fowers, oose fowers and cut foiage. Jasmine, marigod and crossandra are traditiona fowers grown sporadicay in the state for a ong time. Foricuture is highy negected fied and its proportion towards other horticuture crops is ess than one percent. The area under foricuture is hardy 25 ha with the production of 40 tonnes per year. And the production of cut fowers ike Orchids, anthurium and gerbera under protection and gadious in open conditions is of recent origin in the state. Though Goa is agging behind in production but eading in consumption of fowers when compared to other states. The vaue of the business works out to be about ` 15 crores in Goa. The tota fower business is totay depended on suppy from other states ike Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tami Nadu, Keraa etc. Post harvest technoogy is gaining momentum at Goa using ocay avaiabe materias and recipes. Goa has potentia to serve as a hub for vaue added horticutura products being near to Mumbai and we connected by air, road and rai. Livestock Scenario Livestock especiay catte are a traditiona component of submountainous production systems. There is no recognized breed of catte from the state of Goa. Majority of the catte popuation of this state is nondescript. Major catte breeds reared in the Goa are Sahiwa, Red Sindhi and Gir. Major crossbreds reared in Goa are Jersey cross and Hostein cross. At present crossbreeding and grading up poicy for non-descript catte and buffaoes is being foowed. Catte are maintained under sta-fed and semi intensive system. There is acute scarcity of green fodder. Dairy cows in the viage are kept in semi open housing with concrete / brick foor and GI sheet / asbestos roof. Farmers are purchasing feed ingredients for preparing concentrate ration either from Goa Dairy or nearby market. Cow dung and urine are being used for biogas production. Pork is the common diet for about 40% popuation of Goa. Besides, it has got great demand because of heavy tourism. In coasta pains besides catte, pig farming is common. The oca non descriptive animas reared under the scavenging condition are the main source of pig meat. The production potentia of the oca anima is very poor. There is one Government piggery which suppies Yorkshire pure breed animas. However, maintenance of pure bred animas under fied condition is costy and is not very successfu. In view of this, cross breeding of ocas with exotic were conducted. Buffao 5

15 ICAR Research Compex for Goa has three fod importance viz., mik production, meat production and draft purpose. Having potentia for better mik yied with higher fat content, buffao production fetches better return for the farmers. Further, the state has a meat compex, which serves the oca beef traders as we as beef exporters. Lack of we defined programme for buffao in the state is a major constraint. There is no reigious taboo for goat meat and chevon is the costiest meat. The tourist popuation as we as the opportunity for export of meat offers immense scope for rearing goat in this territory. In some areas goats are reared as herds. Goa has we estabished poutry farms with adequate infrastructure faciities to produce ayers and broiers in arge scae. However, to hep sma farmers, this Compex carried out research work and identified suitabe ayers for backyard poutry farming. Management practices for broiers, ayers, ducks and Japanese quais were aso evoved for the oca condition. Organized poutry farms are confined to few pockets ony. However, backyard poutry is common throughout the state. There is no recognized ivestock market in the state of Goa. Therefore, dairy animas, goats, poutry are brought from neighboring states. Aong with the animas rampant diseases are aso introduced in new areas. The productivity eve of the animas in the state is very ow. Being hot and humid cimate, it favors the growth of microbes. Among the most prevaent diseases mastitis and reproductive disorders were the major heath probems. Abortion due to bruceosis and other infections are common. A major constraint on the provision and effective deivery of anima heath services is ack of infrastructure for diagnosis. The existing faciities for anima disease investigation need to be strengthened in terms of manpower and facities. This factor contributes to impaired capacity to recognize and monitor disease owing to poor diagnosis services. Fisheries Scenario Goa has a reasonabe scope for fisheries production mainy from marine capture and inand cuture resources. It has an equay good potentia for production of fisheries processed products for both interna and export markets. More than 90 per cent of the popuation of Goa are fish eaters. Per capita fish consumption is 7.4 kg compared to the nationa average of 5 kg and recommended average of 11 kg. Though Goa s coastine of 105 km forms ony 1.25 per cent of the country s tota of 8192 km, its recorded marine fish anding contribution to the country s tota ranges from 2.2 to 3.8 per cent. Simiary, the quantity of fisheries exported from Goa is more than 2.0 per cent of the tota fisheries exported by India, contributing about 35 crore to country s foreign exchange. However, there is arge scope to increase the production and export through scientific and panned strategy. 6

16 Vision 2030 Tabe. Scenario of agricuture in Goa Fied and Horticutura Crops Crop Area Production (ha) (t) Industria use Future expansion Rice Scope exists for export of scented rice varieties Sugarcane Scope exists moasses bagasse and other by-products Groundnut Possibiity for area expansion Puses do- Cashew Feni making Varieties with arge appe size Coconut (m. nuts) Coir industry Oi industry Mango Canning purpose Popuarization of Mankurad Banana Evoution of uniform yieding and bunchy top resistant cutivars Pineappe Jam making Livestock Livestock Popuation Mik/Meat/egg production /year Export potentia Catte Tota number Mik producing catte akh it. Buffaoes Buffao meat Pig Goat Chevon Poutry Meat production akhs eggs Fisheries Zone Production /year Market potentia Inand 1,500 t Carps, freshwater prawn and shrimps for interna and export markets Marine 1,00,000 t Vaue added products and frozen products for export 7

17 ICAR Research Compex for Goa Fishing is one of the important economic activities of the state. Goa has continenta shef of about ten miion ha and an activey fished area of 20,000 sq. km. EEZ of Goa has estimated annua potentia peagic yied of 77,660 ton and demersa yied of 1,12,600 ton, where as the sustainabe yied which coud be safey harvested without upsetting the natura baance are 46,560 and 67,560 ton /year, respectivey, for the two zones. On the inand front, Goa has nine river and 550 km network of water bodies between them. It has 18,500 ha of Khazan and, 13,157 ha of estuary with Mandovi and Zuari estuaries being the main ones, 100 ha of freshwater ponds, 200 ha of od mine reject pits and 3,250 ha of reservoir submersion, in addition to 9,600 ha of doube cropped rice fieds where fish cuture can be incorporated. In a the irrigation structures and homestead ponds fish can be incorporated and remunerative integrated farming systems with other components of crops and ive stocks can be taken up. Fig. Goa at a gance 8

18 Mission and Mandate MISSION The Institute was started with a mission to achieve, the introduction and improvement of a potentia crops and various species / breeds of ivestock and scientific expoitation of various aquatic resources for improving fish production. MANDATE 1. To conduct strategic and appied research on potentia agricutura and horticutura crops, ivestock and fisheries reevant to natura resource base of Goa and adjoining areas for sustainabe productivity 2. To coaborate with nationa and internationa Institutes/agencies in deveoping and transferring new technoogies 3. To act as a repository of information on Western Ghat agricutura system 4. To disseminate improved technoogy deveoped 5. To act as a center for training in updated technoogies 6. To generate nuceus panting materia and 7. To provide consutancy services. 9

19 Growth The ICAR Research Compex for Goa became an independent Institute in The Director heads the technica and administrative units of the institute. The research and extension activities of the Institute were carried out through a network of five discipine based sections and a Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK). On the advice of the Quinquennia Review Team (QRT), the functiona groups were recassified into five sections viz. crop improvement and protection, resource management and integrated production, horticuture, anima science and fisheries. Different committees viz. Institute Management Committee (IMC), Quinquennia Review Team (QRT), Research Advisory Committee (RAC), Institute Research Counci (IRC), and Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) hep the management to monitor and smooth functioning of the institute. Infrastructure The Institute which was started with the imited infrastructure faciity made avaiabe by the State Government at the time of handing over, was further strengthened by addition of a main research cum administrative bock, fied structures, experimenta units and pots, farm ponds, service structures, KVK buidings, guest house and residentia quarters. Laboratory The main buiding houses state of the art aboratories with advanced basic equipments for conduct of research under soi science, agronomy, entomoogy, pant pathoogy, horticuture (incuding fruits, vegetabes, fowers and post harvest), anima reproduction, anima nutrition, poutry science, veterinary pubic heath, PCR ab, fish nutrition, fisheries anaytica studies and ive feed cuture. The fied aboratories incude post harvest unit, orchid unit, poy houses for pant propagation, pathoogy and fruit and vegetabe studies, anima units on catte, pig, buffao, rabbit, poutry and goat, fisheries units for integrated systems, ornamenta fish and wet aboratory. Library The Institute ibrary caters to the needs of researchers, extension workers, students and academicians a over Goa. The ibrary presenty subscribes to 10

20 Vision foreign journas, 34 Indian journas, 27 magazines, 18 newspapers. There are 2474 books and 2015 bound voumes of periodicas/ journas, Databases viz., AGRIS, Hort CD, Vet CD in the ibrary besides annua reports, buetin and newsetters of different organization a over India and are made avaiabe for the staff of the Institute as we as outsiders. ATDC ATDC was estabished to provide a singe window deivery system for the products avaiabe from the institute to the farmers and other interested groups as a process of innovation, to faciitate direct access to the farmers to the institutiona resources avaiabe in terms of technoogy, advice, technoogy products etc and to provide mechanism for feedback from the users to the institute. ARIS ARIS Ce has been estabished and equipped with computers under ARIS Programme during The VSAT was instaed in Juy 2000 at Computer Centre. In a Leased ine Connectivity by BSNL under the Nationa Knowedge Network was provided. The e- mai / Internet faciities have been created for scientists and other staff of the Institute. Currenty about 50 computers are connected with LAN and are being provided with internet and Web mai services. This section is aso maintaining the website of the institute ( ). We have aso deveoped WASP which is the first Web Based Agricutura Statistics Software Package. The ARIS Ce provides the foowing faciities/ services to the institute such as Networking, Network services, Internet access, Database service, Hardware and software troube shooting, Virus aerts, Institute e- mai handing etc. KVK Krishi Vignan Kendra (KVK) was estabished in 1983, as the grass root eve vocationa training Centre in the State of Goa. KVK is a project of ICAR for testing and transfer of agricutura technoogies to bridge the gap between production and productivity and to increase sef empoyment opportunities 11

21 ICAR Research Compex for Goa among the farming communities. The trainings offered here foow the principes of earning by doing and "seeing is beieving". It offers ski and knowedge oriented trainings in mutidiscipinary areas ike crop production and pant protection, horticuture, anima sciences, fishery sciences, home science and agricutura extension. The KVK is the ight house of knowedge to the farming community of the State. Fied The Institute initiay started with ha to which ha was provided as an additiona campus for KVK and fied activities of the Institute. Presenty the Institute is functioning in ha of and. Fied trias on seasona and perennia crops are being periodicay aid out. Germpasm banks on cashew and mango, varietas coections of important crops, watershed, soi and water conservation and bio- engineering modes, ivestock units, fish cuture units have been estabished for the research studies. An automatic meteoroogica observatory was estabished for recording meteoroogica data. Buidings The Institute was functioning in a temporary office passed on from Directorate of Agricuture, Government of Goa in 1982, which had structures for piggery, rabbitry, catte and farm office. Additiona structura faciities were added, the important ones incude main research cum administrative buiding, KVK administrative buiding, farmers hoste, agricuture technoogy dissemination centre, training buiding, anima units, fisheries fied aboratory and horticuture and crop science fied aboratories beside others. The od office buiding was modified into a guest house. Another guest house in KVK is under construction. One auditorium, canteen and main store buidings are constructed. A tota of 37 residentia quarters are added. Budget Tabe Budget of the Institute (` in akhs) S. No. Pan Period Pan Non Pan Tota 1. Eight Pan Ninth Pan Tenth Pan Eeventh Pan

22 ICAR RC Goa 2030 Goa has immense potentia in the fied of agricuture mainy due to its ocation, weather conditions, oca market for high vaue crops, and its advanced human capita. It needs to think creativey to break away from traditiona agricuture and focus on niche advantage and to move from commodity farming to creative diversification to secondary and tertiary high vaue added agricuture and adopt the atest technoogy to make quantum eaps. The main source of agricutura growth wi be possibe by the growing demand for high vaue products with attractive prices. Emergence of innovative institutions such as contract farming in sma hodings as we as private initiative aso offers many opportunities for growth of Goan agricuture. Most important, is the deveopment of the agricutura sector to support tourism and the oca popuation. Growth of oca vegetabes and fruits coud grow to an extent that they coud be exported. The dairy industry is growing and needs support for Goa to become sef-sufficient. Diversification into kokum and other simiar agricutura products appears to hod much promise. Horticuture can be deveoped not ony to support tourism but aso for export. Some basic demographic facts are that in 2030 Goa s popuation woud be around 2.0 miion and the tourist popuation woud hover around 3.50 miion if a goes we. This wi create a demand for the forward path for stimuating horticuture as a growth engine is to focus on deveoping both a food processing sector as we as a fresh produce sector. Despite present aienation, this primary sector can be the empoyment and occupation generator of the state s economy and provide gainfu iveihood in rura sector. Goa wi have to foow a comprehensive strategy to achieve agricutura growth. This wi incude identifying an agricutura growth engine or focus area, harnessing and managing agricutura produce through food processing and branding. Tourism and the growing affuence of the oca popuation are going to stimuate a growing demand for eggs and white meat. The demand is arge and ikey to grow at an average rate of about 20 percent over the next 10 years. This growth in demand can create a arge number of jobs and income in rura areas of Goa. The khazan ands coud aso be used for non-intensive aquacuture, after taking the necessary safeguards to minimize any environmenta impact. The deveopment of this sector wi create considerabe impact, both in terms of revenue and empoyment generation. 13

23 ICAR Research Compex for Goa Disease and ow productivity, due to poor panting materia, eads to farmers abandoning agricuture atogether for more ucrative professions. This trend needs to be reversed and Goan farmers need to be educated regarding the use of quaity panting materia and the use of modern biocontro methods to increase productivity. Goa can everage its scientific taent to buid a strong presence in genetics and biotechnoogy. Focus To accompish the mission of the institute, the highest priority wi be given to farmers and farmer friendy technoogy deveopment. Research has been marching ahead to face compex chaenges and to harness the opportunities for the wefare of the farmers and other stakehoders in the food-suppy chain. The focus of the research wi be oriented towards Improving resource use efficiency and recaiming degraded resources (conservation and management) Increasing income and productivity/unit of input through integrated farming system modes Deveoping successfu modes of agro- eco-tourism Deveoping modes for protected cutivation of vegetabes and fowers Improving ivestock productivity through breeding, heath and feed/ fodder management Diversification of brackishwater aquacuture and ornamenta fish cuture Processing and vaue addition of horticuture, ivestock and fish products HRD in new and emerging areas invoving a stakehoders in the foodsuppy chain. Cimate change, its mitigation and coping with disasters Foster repositories of genetic resources reated to crop, ivestock, fish, insects and micro-organisms for their sustainabe utiization. Foster inkages and coaborations with pubic and private, nationa and internationa organizations. 14

24 Harnessing Science The ICAR Research Compex for Goa has deveoped into one of the exceent centres of muti-discipinary primary research for Goa but the technoogies and research carried out are reevant to much arger areas of West Coast. The institute woud strive to harness power of science in increasing productivity and profitabiity, enhancing resource use efficiency, deveoping suitabe modes of integrated farming systems, agro-eco-tourism, reducing cost and post-harvest osses, improving ivestock productivity through breeding, heath care and feed/ fodder management and diversification of brackishwater aquacuture and ornamenta fish cuture as we as new science and toos. Genetic resource enhancement Western ghats region is regarded as biodiversity hotspot. The region possesses a vast variety of genetic resources of fied and horticutura crops, animas, fishes and microbes. To address future needs, research wi faciitate sustainabe use of avaiabe genetic resources through characterization, genetic enhancement and prebreeding and moecuar breeding through toos ike markeraided seection. Coection, conservation and improvement of oca genotypes of rice for improved production as we as sainity toerance need to be done. Cashew being a major pantation crop of the region, the variabiity existing in the oca germpasm was coected, evauated and conserved. Improved varieties of mango were introduced and oca variabiities were coected and evauated. Improved seections in popuar mango variety of the 15

25 ICAR Research Compex for Goa regions incuding Mankurad were identified and maintained in the germpasm bank. Coections were made in major vegetabe and fower crops of the region and are being evauated. Agricutura diversification Research focus need to be strengthened to augment production of high-vaue commodities more efficienty and competitivey. Aong with the deveopment of improved genotypes (varieties and hybrids) and management practices for, consumerpreferred quaity traits and food safety woud be given high priority whie raising the productivity of these commodities in this agroeco-region. Diversification of agricuture through integrated farming systems and agro-eco-tourism need to be intensified. Institute being a compex with muti-discipines deaing with a wide research mandate thrusted on farming system approach wi ead to a compete ife supporting system ensuring soi fertiity, ecosystem management with increased profitabiity and sustainabiity. Cropivestock-fish modes suitabe for different situations evoved wi be very much usefu for the farmers to effectivey utiized the avaiabe resources. Of the tota cropped area of 1,71,455 ha in Goa, 63.7 per cent is under horticutura crops, thus horticuture paying a vita roe in the economy of the state. Among horticutura crops, cashew occupies maximum area of 53,292 ha with a tota production of 21,335 tonnes, foowed by coconut 24,975 ha 16

26 Vision 2030 with 125 miion nuts, mango, vegetabes and banana. Sti, there is an immense scope to pant horticutura crops especiay cashew, mango, banana, coconut, arecanut and other fruit crops, in the cutivabe ands. Agro-eco tourism is the symbiotic association of farming sector and tourism industry. Horticutura gardens which are invariaby ocated in vaey areas of the region are idea ocations to take visitors to natura destination. Attempts are needed to be deveop mode sites of such situations. Management of natura resources As esewhere, the natura resources are dwinding and its quaity is deteriorating. The agricuture is highy dependent on the natura resources. In this region, mining rejects poses a threat to the ongoing agricutura ands on the ow ying areas and siting and poution of rivers, which have to be propery ooked into and corrective measures incorporated. Evauation of soi and water conservation, and use systems and other management practices need to be evoved for sustainabe crop production in the ower centra Western coasta region. Potentia of conservation agricuture, precision agricuture and micro-irrigation needs to be perfected for this agro-eco-region. As the natura resource base is strong, potentia cash crops ike cashew, spices as intercrops in coconut and arecanut gardens, fruit and fower crops can be produced in this region. Efficient farming systems, composite farming, integrated nutrient management, integrated pest management, and integrated water management woud be perfected further for wider adaptabiity. 17

27 ICAR Research Compex for Goa Harnessing microbia biotechnoogy Biotechnoogy and genetics are going to be the boom industry for the next 20 years. Biotechnoogy coud aso emerge as a big sector with increasing pressure to create more food using esser resources. Use of biocontro measures to contro pant and anima diseases need to be researched in a big way. Use of microbia techniques to improve upon the quaity of fermented products has a wide scope. Use of biotechnoogica techniques for diagnosis of pant and anima diseases woud be perfected. Use of effective microorganisms in decomposition of agricutura residues, mineraisation of organic matter and avaiabiity of nutrients for crop, ivestock and fish production need to be intensified. Livestock and fisheries resources Package of practices for catte and pigs incuding economic feeding and disease contro measures are to be deveoped. Research on various ivestock diseases incuding zoonoses and heath probems with particuar reference to genera disease, reproductive heath woud be conducted. Thrust shoud be given on these aspects particuary in the estabishment of demonstration fodder farm to suppy quaity panting materia and seeds of eguminous and cerea fodders and training of farmers in cutivation and preservation techniques. Emphasis need to be given on rura poutry production. Whie identifying the thrust areas of importance in fisheries for Goa and the adjoining areas, the resource potentia in terms of ocation covering brackishwater, freshwater and marine waters, technoogy suitabiity, scope for increasing fisheries production and productivity emphasizing more on cuture shoud be taken into consideration. 18

28 Vision 2030 Post harvest management and vaue addition It is reported that as high as 18 to 25% osses occur in the entire food suppy-chain from production to consumption. Low-cost improved technoogies are required to uneash potentia and improve market efficiency and to remain competitive simutaneousy. Strategies are needed to reduce post-harvest osses such as compressing suppy chain by inking producers and markets and promoting processing of food commodities in production catchments to add vaue before being marketed; Muti-discipinary and mutistakehoder research for agri-commodities, especiay post-harvesting engineering, horticuture, dairy, ivestock and fish is needed. Programmes for Western Ghats and coasta agricutura systems Coection of data base and to serve as a centre for repository of information on Western Ghat Agricutura system is one of the identified mandates of the Institute. At present the Institute is focussing ony on the requirement of Goa and its adjoining area which are in fact ocated in this region. Nevertheess, the Institute is aready attending to the agricutura research needs of the coasta region in reation to Goa. The coasta area between the Western Ghat and Arabian sea from Maharshatra to Keraa wi incude the hi region, unduating terrain, narrow strip of pain and and the shaow seas a aong the West coast. The research work done in Goa and adjoining areas wi have the appicabiity to simiar situations prevaiing in other coasta areas of West coast. Linkages For free fow of improved technoogies, access to atest deveopments in the fied of agricutura research taking pace esewhere and constant upgradation of agricutura research at the Institute, viabe inkage and coaboration are maintained by the Institute with various organizations, universities and NGOs reated to agricutura research and deveopment. This coaboration wi aso hep in sharing of infrastructure and manpower avaiabe. The added chaenge is the emergence of the inteectua property rights regime, which needs to be converted into an opportunity. A these issues require effective and need-based institutions to acceerate innovations and ink farmers with different stakehoders to harness growing opportunities. 19

29 ICAR Research Compex for Goa Transfer of Technoogy Effective deivery mechanism for new and better technoogies woud greaty hep in bridging wide gap between the potentia and the reaized productivity. Paddy, sugarcane, groundnut, puses are important fied crops and coconut, cashew, mango, arecanut, vegetabes are important horticutura crops. The average yied of the above crops in Goa is much ow. There is a wide gap between the state average and the yied reaized by the progressive farmers adopted under the demonstration programmes. 20

30 Strategy and Framework Goa is richy endowed with biodiversity and the agricutura sector continues to pay a major roe in the Goan economy. Land fragmentation, traditiona way of farming, ow returns from the sector when compared to the tourism cause a great concern over the future of agricuture in the State. Being a mutidiscipinary and muti-commodity Institute in true sense and covering detaied aspects of fied and horticutura crops, ivestock, fisheries and reated aspects, besides its ocation in a typica coasta ecosystem representing the West coast zone of the country, and therefore it can take up the chaenge of agricutura research requirements of the coasta region and Western Ghat, in future. The strategy in this direction woud be a muti-discipinary approach aimed at probem specified soutions to meet farmers' needs and industries. A muti-pronged strategy woud be adopted to accompish the vision and the goas of the institute to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of the research resources. The goas and strategy framework is given in Annexure - I. Characterization and improvement of oca and races of rice and puses for biotic, abiotic stresses and quaity parameters through conventiona and moecuar methods. Deveopment of insect pest and pant disease management strategies and studying the genetic diversity of insect pests and pant pathogens. Evoving abour saving technoogies and ow cost production technoogies through mechanization. Evauation of soi and water conservation, and use systems and other management practices for sustainabe crop production in the ower centra Western coasta region. Management of coasta saine and mine reject sois of West coast region. Evauation of technoogies for acid soi ameioration. Deveopment of strategies for rainfed regions. Management of denuded Western Ghat areas. 21

31 ICAR Research Compex for Goa Exporation of genetic resources in pantation, fruit, vegetabes and fower crops. Genetic improvement of important fruit, pantation, spices, oca vegetabaes and fower crops of Goa. Emphasis on post harvest technoogy for enhancement of shef ife of commodities. Design, deveopment and popuarisation of ow cost protected cutivation structures for Goa Deveopment of economic feeding strategies to produce mik, meat and poutry in coasta ecosystem. Deveopment of strategies for improvement of fertiity in ivestock. Deveopment of mitigation strategies to reduce adverse impact of cimatic change on ivestock production Emphasis on the rura poutry production for enhancement of iveihood security of rura poor. Improvement of anima heath care and deivery systems for efficient production and studies on emerging food-borne pathogens. Deveopment of freshwater fisheries Crop- Livestock- Fish integrated farming system to enhance productivity and profitabiity. Diversification of brackishwater aquacuture with potentia species such as mud crab, oysters and musses. Ornamenta fish cuture research with particuar reference to breeding and feed formuation. Appication of remote sensing technique to augment marine fish production. Agricutura diversification through integrated farming systems and agroeco tourism modes. Intensifying transfer of technoogy programme for effective farming and capacity buiding. 22

32 Vision 2030 Additiona Resource Generation Being an estabishing Institute achieving the target on the resource generation is rather ow. But efforts woud certainy be made to generate income around ten per cent of the budget proposed through Extension of consutancy to outside organizations and other services ike pest management, soi testing, farming systems, training, disease diagnostics, testing of feed, mik, etc. Revoving fund from seed, panting materias, mushroom spawn and rabbit productions Formuation of suitabe adhoc schemes for AICRP, INCOIS, APEDA, DST, DBT, NWDB, Nationa Horticutura Board and other Private agencies References Goa Chamber of Commerce and Industries. (2008). Goa Infrastructure Report. ICAR (2011). ICAR Vision Research, New Dehi, India. Indian Counci of Agricutura Nationa Horticuture Mission. (2005). Revised action pan for Goa, Ministry of Agricuture, Govt. of India. Vision (2007) ICAR Research Compex for Goa Perspective Pan. Pubished by Director ICAR Research Compex for Goa. 23

33 Epiogue Goa had immense potentia in the fied of agricuture mainy due to its ocation, weather conditions and oca market for high vaue crops. Farmers first approach wi be adopted to march ahead in deveoping ocation specific technoogies, to augment demand for food, improving iveihood opportunities of farmers, and for ensuring sustainabe farming and agricutura growth. Sef sufficiency in food crops, vegetabes woud be the first target. The dairy industry is growing and needs support for Goa to become sef-sufficient. Rice has been the stape food of the peope of Goa and therefore its main agricutura crop. Unfortunatey, most of the rice fieds produce just one crop a year. Rice production has pateaued since the mid-1980s. Goa wi have to foow a comprehensive strategy to achieve agricutura growth. This wi incude identifying an agricutura growth engine or focus area. The agricutura research and deveopment in this region woud augment farmers income, iveihood security, generate empoyment opportunities, conserve natura resources, and increase vaue addition for higher and incusive agricutura growth. Emphasis wi be given on diversification of fisheries activities for sustainabe production. Concerted efforts woud be made to work for the needs of the farming community, especiay of the smahoders and of the poor iving in the backward areas. This wi aso hep to conserve the vast genetic diversity among crops grown by the farmers. The institute wi work to deveop idea integrated farming system modes for the region and diversity agricuture through activities ike agro-eco-tourism in a participatory mode. The Institute is strategicay positioned for paying a bigger roe for addressing the probems of West Coast Agricuture in an integrated and hoistic manner. 24

34 Vision 2030 Annexure 1. Strategic framework Goa Genetic resource enhancement Management of insect pest and pant diseases Approach Identifying saine toerant high yied rice varieties suitabe for saine affected areas through conventiona and moecuar breeding Study on the diversity of rice in the west coast region and characterization of the germpasm by morphoogica and moecuar methods Genetic enhancement of cowpea and other puses for yied and seed quaity Genetic improvement of important fruit, pantation, spices, oca vegetabes and fower crops of Goa Exporation of genetic resources in pantation, fruit, vegetabes and fower crops Screening of genetic resources considering the trends in current cimate changes and utiization of potentia genetic resources in deveopment of new varieties or hybrids in mango cashew and coconut Identification of QTLs and appication of marker assisted seection in crop improvement programmes in mango, cashew and coconut to overcome new chaenges of biotic and abiotic stress in the ight of cimate changes Deveopment of strategies for improvement of fertiity in ivestock Deveopment of innovative, nonconventiona methods of insect pest and disease management incuding bioogica contro and integration into IPM Production of quaity bio-agents and awareness training to the farmers Performance measure Improved iveihood opportunities Sharing of germpasm Bioinformatic databases Research and deveopment contributing to integrated pant diseases management 25

35 ICAR Research Compex for Goa Management of natura resources Farm mechanization Agricuture diversification Popuation dynamics, viruence and diversity of the insect pests and pant pathogens in the coasta ecosystem in the emerging scenario of changing cimate change to design appropriate management strategies Deveopment of rapid, economic and reiabe detection techniques of the pant pathogens Study on the host-pathogen interactions Long term studies on the effect of different resource management strategies on soi heath care incuding the sustainabiity Evauation and demonstration of soi and water conservation, and use systems and other management practices for sustainabe crop production in the region on hoistic watershed basis Soi fertiity management and coasta and use panning Bio-rejuvenation of mine reject sois to sustain the production and ecoogy of the region Rehabiitation of mine reject sois Evauation of technoogies for ameioration of acid sois in West coast region such as with the appication of ime Deveopment of suitabe water harvesting technoogy Deveopment of suitabe cropping system Management of Denuded Western Ghat areas Recamation of probematic sois (Khajan ands and mine rejects) through Agri-Horti interventions Evoving abour saving technoogies and ow cost production technoogies through mechanization Introduction and evauation of improved varieties and hybrids in important vegetabe crops of the state for arge scae adoption Recaimed degraded sois, and and water resources Higher water use efficiency Increased crop area Research and deveopment contributing to higher returns per unit area 26