International Egg Market. Annual Review 12 INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION ANNUAL REVIEW 2008

Transcription

1 International Egg Market Annual Review INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION ANNUAL REVIEW 2008

2 Changing patterns of EU 1 egg production and trade TABLE 1 GLOBAL EU SHARE OF YEAR PRODUCTION PRODUCTION EU (%) TABLE 3 YEAR PER CAPITA SELF CONSUMPTION SUFFICIENCY KG/PERSON/YEAR RATE % Development of global and EU egg production between 2002 and 2007; data in 1000 tonnes (Source: ZMP 2008) ,724 7, ,447 7, ,085 7, ,782 7, ,532 7, ,000 7, The development of per capita consumption and the self-sufficiency rate for eggs in the EU between 2002 and 2007 (Source: ZMP 2008, own calculations) TABLE 2 YEAR CHINA EU USA The development of the contribution of China, the EU, and the USA to global egg production between 2002 and 2007; data in % (Source: ZMP 2008, own ccalculations) Other US EU China % 41.9% 43.0% 43.8% 44.2% 44.9% 45.2% TABLE 4 The seven leading EU member countries in egg production in 2002 and 2007; data in 1,000 tonnes (Source: ZMP 2008) 2002 COUNTRY PRODUCTION SHARE (%) Spain Italy UK Netherlands Poland countries 5, EU 7, COUNTRY PRODUCTION SHARE (%) Spain 1, Italy Netherlands UK Poland countries 5, EU 7, INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION ANNUAL REVIEW If not indicated, figures are for EU (27); data are calculated as if new member countries had already been members in years before entering the EU.

3 ANALYSIS 1 Summary 1 was prepared and written by Professor Hans- Wilhelm Windhorst IEC Statistical Analyst Professor Windhorst is Director of the Institute for Spatial Analysis and Planning at the University of Vechta,, an institute that he founded in Much of his work involves sectoral patterns in the egg industry. He studied at the University of Muenster and gained a PHD in 1969 and then gained a postdoctoral qualification in long-standing involvement with the IEC and together with Peter van Horne is developing the Economic and Statistical service that the IEC provides to members. investigating regional and Professor Windhorst has had a Introduction The EU is the second largest egg production region after China with a share of about 11 % of the global production volume. This region is dominating trade with shell eggs. EU member countries contribute about 60 % to global egg exports and imports. The Netherlands are the leading egg exporting country, and are in leading positions regarding egg imports. The main objectives of this analysis are: to analyse the development of egg production between 2002 and 2007 to analyse the patterns of egg exports and imports for the main egg exporting and importing EU member countries in 2002 and 2007 to give an overview about the trade with egg products in 2007 Development and patterns of EU egg production Egg production in the EU fluctuated considerably between 2002 and 2007 as can be seen from table 1. This is mainly due to the EU enlargement and the resulting socioeconomic adaption processes in the new member countries. As global egg production, especially in threshold and less developed countries, grew much faster, the contribution of the EU (27) to the global production volume decreased from 12.4 % to 10.6 %. In the analysed time period, the contribution of the USA to global egg production also decreased whereas China could strengthen its position (table 2). Whereas the per capita consumption of eggs in the EU fluctuated considerably in the analysed time period, the self-sufficiency rate was fairly stable as can be seen from the data in table 3. The ups and downs are as much a consequence of the enlargement of the EU and resulting socio-economic processes in these countries as of a decreasing consumption in several EU (15) member countries. Between 2002 and 2007, the regional concentration of egg production in the EU increased from 72.8 % to 73.5 %. The composition of the seven leading egg producing countries did not change in the analysed time period. This is not true, however, for the ranking. In 2002, was in a leading position followed by Spain and. These three countries contributed 36.9 % to the production volume of the EU. Five years later, the ranking had changed, Spain ranked as number one, followed by and ; together they had a share of 38.3 %. With the exception of Spain and Poland, all other top egg producing countries showed a decreasing production. In the United Kingdom, egg production decreased by 121,000 tonnes, in by 81,000 tonnes. The dramatic reduction of the production volume in these two countries is a result of the decision of several food chains in the United Kingdom not to list cage eggs any longer, and an animal protection act in which prohibits conventional cages from 2009 on. INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION ANNUAL REVIEW

4 Changing patterns of EU 1 egg production and trade TABLE 5 Self-sufficiency rates in selected EU member countries in 2007; data in % (Source: ZMP 2008) COUNTRIES WITH AN EGG SURPLUS SELF SUFFICIENCY COUNTRY RATE Netherlands 230 Latvia 115 Finland 111 Poland 111 Belgium/Lux. 110 Italy 107 COUNTRIES WITH AN EGG DEFICIT SELF SUFFICIENCY COUNTRY RATE 67 Austria 76 UK Sweden 94 Portugal 96 TABLE 8 Egg exports by the Netherlands in 2007; data in million pieces (Source: ZMP 2008) COUNTRY OF DESTINATION IMPORTS SHARE (%) 3, Belgium EU 4, Switzerland Non-EU Total 5, TABLE 6 The seven leading EU member countries in egg exports in 2007; data in tonnes (Source: ZMP 2008) COUNTRY EXPORTS SHARE (%) Netherlands 318, Spain 135, Poland 86, , Belgium/Lux. 59, , Slovakia 23, countries 763, EU 849, Netherlands egg exports 100% TABLE 9 Egg imports by ; data in million pieces (Source: ZMP 2008) Belgium Switzerland Other EU Non EU COUNTRY OF ORIGIN IMPORTS SHARE (%) Netherlands 3, Poland Belgium/Lux Italy Spain TABLE 7 COUNTRY IMPORTS SHARE (%) 5 countries 4, The seven leading EU member countries in egg imports in 2007; data in tonnes (Source: ZMP 2008, own additions) 306, , Netherlands 115, UK 51, Spain 45, Belgium/Lux. 38, Italy 28, countries 784, EU 911, The value given in this table for differs considerably from that given by ZMP (2008, p. 118) as an import volume of over 310,000 tonnes does not seem realistic. The given figure was calculated from the domestic demand of 976,000 tonnes (61 mill. inhabitants x by 16 kg/person/year), a self sufficiency rate of 86 % and an export volume of 59,600 tonnes. TABLE 10 Development of layer flocks, egg production, egg consumption, and selfsufficiency rate in between 2002 and 2007 (Source: ZMP 2008, own calculations) Total 5, YEAR LAYER EGG EGG SELF FLOCKS PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION SUFFICIENCY (MILLION) (1,000 TONNES) (1,000 TONNES) RATE (%) , , , , , , Change (%) INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION ANNUAL REVIEW 2008

5 SUMMARY 1 Changing patterns in EU egg trade As was already mentioned, EU member countries are in leading positions in egg exports and egg imports. Intra-EU egg trade is also dominated by only a few countries with a respectively high and low selfsufficiency rate (table 5). The rate has to be seen in connection with the population. Countries with a large population and a low self-sufficiency rate, such as, and the United Kingdom, have to import many more eggs than those with a small population and are therefore an attractive market for countries with an egg surplus. As can be seen from table 6, the seven leading exporting countries contributed almost 90 % to the export volume of EU member countries. The Netherlands and Spain ranked as number 1 and 2 with a share of 53.4 %, followed by Poland and. It is worth mentioning that is a major egg exporting country in spite of the low self-sufficiency rate. Besides shell eggs for direct consumption large amounts of eggs for further processing are exported, mainly to the Netherlands. In 2007, was the leading egg importing country not only in the EU but also on the global level; followed by. These two countries had a share of 55.1 % of the import volume in the EU. The Netherlands, ranked in third place, are mainly importing eggs for further processing. The high capacity of its egg products processing plants cannot be met by domestic production. In a further step, trade flows will be analysed in more detail for the leading egg exporting and importing countries. In 2007, the Netherlands exported more than 5 billion shell eggs for consumption. For several years, the leading country of destination has been. In 2007, 3.6 billion eggs or 71.8 % of the total volume were exported to this country. Table 8 shows that over 85 % of the exports had another EU member country as their destination. About 15 % were exported to non-eu countries, with Switzerland in a leading position. In 2007, imported over 196,240 tonnes of shell eggs for consumption. The regional concentration of the imports is very high, as the two leading countries of origin, Belgium and Spain, contributed over 95 % to the import volume. Quite obviously, distance is playing an important role in addition to price. Almost 77 % of the 5 billion shell eggs which imported in 2007 came from the Netherlands. Between these two countries long-lasting trade relations have been developed over the past decades (table 9). The self-sufficiency rate in has been declining for several years, as small farmers gave up egg production because of lasting low prices and increasing production costs. At the same time it was almost impossible to build new large layer farms which would have been able to compensate for the reduction of layer flocks because of a strong opposition of animal welfare groups against such units (table 10). In addition, vertically integrated egg companies and large egg farmers hesitated to invest in new farms or in enriched cages (in : Kleingruppenhaltung)3 because of a pending act regarding the forms of keeping laying hens that will be permitted from 2009 on. INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION ANNUAL REVIEW

6 Changing patterns of EU 1 egg production and trade TABLE 11 IMPORT VOLUME SHARE (%) COUNTRY LIQUID/FROZEN DRIED TOTAL TABLE 12 EXPORT VOLUME SHARE (%) COUNTRY LIQUID/FROZEN DRIED TOTAL Main egg products importing countries of the EU in 2007, data 56,529 8,608 65, UK 25,564 11,625 37, ,760 2,497 35, Belgium/Lux. 29,768 1,292 31, Denmark 11,790 5,845 17, Main egg products exporting countries of the EU in 2007, data Netherlands 91,787 8, , ,400 7,434 38, Spain 22, , ,217 5,664 21, Belgium/Lux. 10,176 4,580 14, in tonnes (Source: ZMP 2008, own calculations) 5 countries 156,411 29, , EU (27) 206,700 43, , in tonnes (Source: ZMP 2008, own calculations) 5 countries 171,688 26, , EU (27) 208,864 39, , Egg product imports Liquid/frozen Dried UK Belgium/Lux Denmark Egg product exports Liquid/frozen Dried Netherlands Spain Belg/ Lux 8 INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION ANNUAL REVIEW 2008

7 SUMMARY 1 References Windhorst, H.-W.: Is there a future for Europe s egg industry? In: Poultry International 40 (2001), no. 7, p Windhorst, H.-W.: Will ban cages in 2007? In: Zootecnica 26 (2004), no. 4, p Windhorst, H.-W.: Bio-energy production a threat to the global egg industry? In: World s Poultry Science Journal 63 (2007), p Windhorst, H.-W.: A Projection of the Regional Development of Egg production until (= IEC Special Report April 2008). London p. Patterns of EU egg products trade In contrast to shell egg production and trade, data on the volume of egg products and of trade with liquid, frozen and dried egg products are hardly available. In this analysis, data as published by ZMP (2008) will be used for a short overview. Table 11 shows that in 2007 about 250,000 tonnes of liquid, frozen and dried egg products were imported by EU member countries. was in a leading position with an import volume of 65,137 tonnes, followed by the United Kingdom and. All countries imported more liquid and frozen egg products than egg powder. This is due to the fact that liquid egg products cannot be transported over long distances. The import volume from non-eu countries into the EU is limited in order to protect the EU egg products industry. In 2007, about 249,000 tonnes of egg products were exported. The Netherlands contributed 100,561 tonnes or 40.4 % to the total export volume, followed by and Spain (table 12). In addition to the exports to other EU member countries, about 23,000 tonnes of egg products were destined to non- EU countries. Here, the difference between liquid and dried products was much smaller. About 12,300 tonnes of dried egg products and 10,600 tonnes of liquid and frozen egg products were exported. Perspectives The future of egg production and egg trade in the EU will depend on the control of highly infectious poultry diseases, the development of feed costs and the impacts of the banning of conventional cages from 2012 on. The implementation of the EU directive will make the EU to an egg deficit region and will have far reaching impacts on trade with shell eggs for consumption and with egg products (see Windhorst 2007, 2008). Of particular interest will be the development in as conventional cages are prohibited in this country already from 2009 on (see Windhorst 2001, 2004). As is one of the leading egg importing countries, a reduction of the layer flocks will have far reaching impacts not only on the intra-eu trade but also with non-eu countries. Pessimistic estimates expect a decrease of the layer population by 30 % or between 10 and 12 million birds. This perspective results from recent announcements of several food chains not to list eggs produced in Kleingruppenhaltungen (see footnote 3). If the food chains stay to their decision, the leading egg producing companies will be forced to switch to barn or free range systems, except for those eggs which will be further processed to liquid, frozen or dried egg products. Such a decision would result in an additional deficit of up to 3 billion eggs in. It is a still open question as to which countries they can be imported as the egg surplus in the EU is much smaller and will no longer be existing from 2012 on when all countries will have to install enriched cages or switch to barn or free range systems. Summary The main results of this analysis can be summarised as follows: Between 2002 and 2007, EU egg production decreased from 7.4 to 7.2 million tonnes or by 2.5 %. As global egg production grew faster in the analysed time period, the contribution of the EU to the global production volume decreased from 12.4 % to 10.6 %. The self-sufficiency rate remained fairly stable over the analysed time period. The contribution of the seven leading egg producing countries increased from 72.8 % to 73.5 % between 2002 and EU member countries are dominating world egg trade with a share of about 60 %. The Netherlands and Spain are the leading egg exporting countries in the EU, and the top ranked egg importing countries. The Netherlands are the dominating egg products exporting country, is in a top position regarding egg products imports. The future of egg production and trade in the EU will depend on the control of highly infectious diseases, the development of feed costs, and the impacts of banning conventional cages. 3 This is a particular type of an enriched cage which gives the laying hens more space than demanded in the EU directive. One unit of such a system holds between 30 and 60 layers. INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION ANNUAL REVIEW

8 IEC comparison of international country data Figure 1. Layer feed price (US$ per 100 kg) in 2006 in selected IEC countries Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Finland Hungary Ireland Italy Netherlands Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Australia Canada Japan New Zealand United States of America Argentina Brazil China Colombia India Iran Layerfeed (US$/100kg) Mexico South Africa Thailand Figure Layer feed price (US$ per kg) in and 2007 in selected IEC countries Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Finland Hungary Ireland Italy Netherlands Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Australia Canada Japan New Zealand United States of America Argentina Brazil China Colombia India Iran Mexico South Africa Thailand Layerfeed (US$/100kg) INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION ANNUAL REVIEW 2008

9 SUMMARY 2 Summary 2 was prepared and written by Peter van Horne IEC Economic Analyst Peter van Horne is a senior economist at the LEI Institute of Wageningen University and Research Centre in the Netherlands. He is Europe s projects for government and industry with particular focus on the economics of animal welfare, environmental protection, animal health and international involvement with the IEC and together with Professor Windhorst is developing the Economic and Statistical service that the IEC provides to members. premier Poultry Economist and competition. specialises in poultry research Peter has had a long-standing Introduction Based on the 2006 and 2007 data provided by the rapporteurs an analysis was made by the IEC. In the annual report of 2007 we analyzed the following four indicators: brown / white ratio (%) housing systems for layers: cage, barn, free range (%) self sufficiency rate (%) consumption eggs / person / year (numbers) These indicators are given for most countries and have a clear definition. There is no influence by the number of layers in a country, currency or measuring unit. In this article we will take a closer look at some economic indicators. Not all member states report on these indicators. In the annual report 2007 in total 31 countries provide statistics. The number of countries reporting on the economic indicators is different per indicator. In general around 25 countries report on economic data. In this report all data are converted from local currency to US dollars. The average exchange rate in that year is used for the conversion. The figures in this report show the differences between countries. The countries are listed in alphabetical order. However the countries are divided into three groups: EU countries plus Switzerland (15 countries out of the total 27 EU members in 2007) Developed countries (5 countries: Australia, Canada Japan, New Zealand and USA) Rest of the world (9 countries in South and Central America, Asia and Africa) 1. Price of layer feed The price of layer feed has a large impact on the production cost of eggs. In general, feed costs are 60% of the production cost. The rapporteurs were asked to give the average price of layer feed at farm gate excluding any tax (such as Value Added Tax). The price of layer feed was provided by 28 countries. Figure 1 gives an overview of the price of layer feed in 2006 given in US dollars per 100 kg of feed. Figure 1 shows that the price of layer feed in 2006 was very variable. In the EU countries the feed price ranges from ranges from 20 US$ to 31 US$ per 100kg. The feed price is high in Finland and Italy and relatively low (around 21 US$ per 100 kg) in Hungary,,, the Netherlands and the Czech Republic. Compared to the other countries around the world the differences in feed price between the EU countries are small. This can be explained by the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU. All companies in the EU countries pay the same import levies on imports of ingredients bought from outside the EU and are influenced by the common market policy for grains. Outside the EU we see high feed prices in Switzerland, Japan and New Zealand. The price of layer feed is low in Argentina, Brazil, USA and India. The first three countries are the main producers of corn and soybeans in the world. Companies in these countries have direct access to large amounts of feed ingredients at low transportation cost. The feed price is also relatively low in India. Based on the prices for layer feed in 2007, as presented in this report, we made a comparison for the years 2006 and Figure 2 gives an overview of the price of layer feed in 2006 and 2007 in the selected IEC countries. The data in figure 2 show that in all countries there was an increase in price for layer feed. In the European countries the increase was on average 33%. However, there was a wide range in increase from only 9% in the UK to 47% in and the Netherlands and even 49% in Ireland. In the other countries we also see a wide range in increase. The increase was limited in Japan (2%) and Iran (5%) and high in Australia (38%) and Canada (38%). For all countries the increase was in average 28%. It should be mentioned that the increase in feed price in between 2006 and 2007 was calculated from the prices in US dollars. The means that also changes in exchange rate will have an impact on this figure. Only for the USA there is no impact of exchange rate. The average feed price in the USA was in and in US dollar per 100kg. This is an increase of 32% INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION ANNUAL REVIEW

10 IEC comparison of international country data Figure 3. Production cost (in US$ per dozen) in 2006 in selected IEC countries. Production cost (US$/dz eggs) Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Finland Hungary Ireland Italy Netherlands Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Australia Canada Japan New Zealand United States of America Argentina Brazil China Colombia India Iran Mexico South Africa Thailand Figure 4. Production cost (in US$ per dozen) in 2006 and 2007 in selected IEC countries. Production cost (US$/dz eggs) Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Finland Hungary Ireland Italy Netherlands Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Australia Canada Japan New Zealand United States of America Argentina Brazil China Colombia India Iran Mexico South Africa Thailand 12 INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION ANNUAL REVIEW 2008

11 SUMMARY 2 2. Production cost The rapporteurs were asked to give the production cost of eggs in The production cost includes the cost of pullet, feed and other variable costs and also fixed cost for housing, equipment, labour and general cost. All costs exclude any tax (e.g. VAT). The production costs are based on cage housing systems. In total, 24 countries reported the production cost for eggs. No further explanation was given to the rapporteur. It should be mentioned that there will be differences between countries in calculating production cost. For a more scientific based comparison more data are needed and all countries should use the same calculation method. To give two examples: what is the depreciation period for the poultry house and equipment or at what price is the labor input of the farmer taken into account. The conclusion is that the comparison can only give an indication of the difference in production cost between the countries. Figure 3 gives an overview of the production cost for eggs (in US dollars per dozen eggs) for the year The production cost of eggs is also high in Canada (including the cost of the quota system) and Japan (high feed price). In all other countries production cost is in the range 0.31 to 0.64 US dollar per dozen eggs. Production costs are low in India, Brazil, USA, Argentina and China. As a result of higher feed prices egg production cost was higher in For 16 countries we can compare egg production cost in 2007 with the cost reported for the year Figure 4 gives an overview of the production cost in both years. For the European countries the increase in production cost was in average 20%. The increase worldwide was in average 24%. This is an increase calculated on production cost expressed in US$ for the years 2006 and The increase in production cost in the USA was 18% Figure 3 shows that the production cost in the EU countries is, in general, between 0.70 and 1.00 US dollars per dozen of eggs. Only in Ireland are the production costs higher. In Switzerland production costs are the highest of all IEC countries. In Switzerland cages are banned and as a result the production cost are based on the barn housing system. Swiss farmers also pay a high price for layer feed (see figure 1). INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION ANNUAL REVIEW

12 IEC comparison of international country data Figure 5. Egg price at farm gate and consumer egg price (retail) in 2006 in selected IEC countries Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Finland Hungary Ireland Italy Netherlands Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Australia Canada Japan New Zealand United States of America Argentina Brazil China Colombia India Iran Mexico South Africa Production cost (US$/dz eggs) Thailand Farm Retail Figure 6. Relation between price at farm gate and the consumer price in 2006 in selected IEC countries. Ratio farm retail price Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Finland Hungary Ireland Italy Netherlands Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Australia Canada Japan New Zealand United States of America Argentina Brazil China Colombia India Iran Mexico South Africa Thailand 14 INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION ANNUAL REVIEW 2008

13 SUMMARY 2 Egg prices IEC rapporteurs were also asked to report the average price in 2006 for cage eggs at farm gate and the average consumer price This is the price at retail level which is, generally speaking, the price of eggs in the supermarket. These prices are excluding any tax (e.g.vat). Figure 5 gives an overview of both the farm gate and consumer price of eggs (in US dollars / dozen eggs). Figure 5 shows that egg prices paid to the farmers in 2006 in the EU were around 0.70 to 0.80 US$ per dozen eggs. In Italy, Austria and Ireland prices were above this level. Again Switzerland has much higher farm gate prices for (barn) eggs at farm level. Outside Europe farm gate prices in 2006 were relatively high in Canada and Japan. Taking a look at egg prices for consumers figure 5 shows that there is very wide range in retail prices worldwide. In the EU retail prices were high in Denmark, Italy and the UK. Outside the EU retail prices were high in Switzerland, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. In 2006 retail prices of egg were low in India and Thailand. Relationship between farmer and consumer egg price For every country the relation between the price at farm gate and at retail was calculated. This is done by dividing the retail price (in US dollar per dozen eggs) by the price at farm gate (in US dollar per dozen eggs) for the year Figure 6 gives the results. Figure 6 shows that there is a wide variation in price ratio ranging from 1.1 in Japan to 4.9 in Belgium. The average ratio around the world is 2.2. This means that the consumer price at retail is 2.2 higher than the egg price at farm gate. Within the EU countries the average price factor is 2.8. The price ratio is high in Belgium, Finland and the UK. Outside the EU the price ratio is high in Australia, the USA and Brazil. Consumer prices of eggs are always higher than prices at farm gate to pay for the additional cost for grading and packing (at the packing station) and the cost for the retailer / supermarket. Between countries these costs will vary considerably. The cost will be high when eggs are sold in premium 6-egg packs in an air conditioned supermarket and low in an open air market where consumers buy eggs individually by piece without any packing material. INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION ANNUAL REVIEW

14 AROUND THE WORLD IEC has members in nearly 60 countries Algeria Cyprus India Nigeria Sweden Argentina Czech Rep Iran Norway Switzerland Australia Denmark Ireland Pakistan Taiwan Austria Egypt Italy Philippines Thailand Barbados Estonia Japan Poland Trinidad & Tobego Belarus Fiji Korea Portugal Turkey Belgium Finland Lebanon Rep Ireland United Kingdom Brazil Mauritius Russia Ukraine Bulgaria Mexico Singapore United Arab Emirates Canada Greece Mongolia Slovakia USA China Guatemala Netherlands South Africa Venezuela Colombia Hungary New Zealand Spain 54 INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION ANNUAL REVIEW 2008

15 ANNUAL REVIEW 2008 EDITORIAL TEAM Director General Julian Madeley Statistical Analyst Professor Hans-Wilhelm Windhorst Economic Analyst Peter van Horne Designed and produced by Lighthouse design for business Event Manager Miss Philippa Jackson Data & Accounts Manager Mrs Sonia Bird Communications Advisor Mike Scott INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION ANNUAL REVIEW

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