Water and Food Security in Central Asia

Transcription

1 Water and Food Security in Central Asia

2 NATO Science for Peace and Security Series This Series presents the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Programme: Science for Peace and Security (SPS). The NATO SPS Programme supports meetings in the following Key Priority areas: (1) Defence Against Terrorism; (2) Countering other Threats to Security and (3) NATO, Partner and Mediterranean Dialogue Country Priorities. The types of meeting supported are generally "Advanced Study Institutes" and "Advanced Research Workshops". The NATO SPS Series collects together the results of these meetings. The meetings are coorganized by scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO's "Partner" or "Mediterranean Dialogue" countries. The observations and recommendations made at the meetings, as well as the contents of the volumes in the Series, reflect those of participants and contributors only; they should not necessarily be regarded as reflecting NATO views or policy. Advanced Study Institutes (ASI) are high-level tutorial courses intended to convey the latest developments in a subject to an advanced-level audience Advanced Research Workshops (ARW) are expert meetings where an intense but informal exchange of views at the frontiers of a subject aims at identifying directions for future action Following a transformation of the programme in 2006 the Series has been re-named and re-organised. Recent volumes on topics not related to security, which result from meetings supported under the programme earlier, may be found in the NATO Science Series. The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer, Dordrecht, in conjunction with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division. Sub-Series A. Chemistry and Biology Springer B. Physics and Biophysics Springer C. Environmental Security Springer D. Information and Communication Security IOS Press E. Human and Societal Dynamics IOS Press Series C: Environmental Security

3 Water and Food Security in Central Asia edited by Chandra A. Madramootoo Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences McGill University, Montreal, Canada and Viktor A. Dukhovny Scientific Information Center of the Interstate Commission for Water Coordination, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan technical editors Robert S. Baker Brace Centre for Water Resources Management McGill University, Montreal, Canada and I. Helen Fyles Brace Centre for Water Resources Management McGill University, Montreal, Canada Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division

4 Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Socio-Economic Stability and Water Productivity: Food and Water Security in Central Asia Tashkent, Uzbekistan March 2008 ISBN (PB) ISBN (HB) ISBN (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved # Springer ScienceþBusiness Media B.V No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.

5 Preface The purpose of this publication is to provide insight into the growing challenges of water and food security in Central Asia. This region is located in semiarid and arid vegetation zones, and large parts of its economy depend on water for irrigation and energy. As requirements for food production grow due to a rapidly increasing population and the industrial sector expands, the pressure on water resources will intensify. In addition, the likelihood of droughts due to climate change will put further demands on already limited water resources. Each chapter of this book provides necessary reading for those who seek a better understanding of the challenges surrounding water and food security in Central Asia. The authors, including researchers and scientists from the five Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, as well as international experts provide perspectives and recommendations based on decades of research and first hand experience. Global, country and regional perspectives and strategies are presented on topics including: integrated water resources management, modernization of irrigation and drainage systems, legal framework and economic mechanisms for water resources management, regional and national water development strategies, climate change, water saving technologies and incentives, training of engineers, extension services for farmers, and water user associations. The linkage between irrigated agriculture, food self sufficiency, environmental security, and socio-economic stability is a general theme throughout this book. The editors extend their deep appreciation to all the authors; this publication would not have been possible without their input and hard work. We are most grateful to Springer for affording the opportunity to publish this volume. We thank the editorial and publishing staff at Springer for their assistance, organization and efficiency, in particular, we would like to express our gratitude to Annelies Kersbergen and Wil Bruins for their help. We would also like to express our sincere thanks to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization for their support of the Advanced Research Workshop entitled Socio-Economic Stability and Water Productivity: Implications of Food and Water Security in the Central Asian Region which served as the original thrust for this publication. v

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7 Contents 1 Water and Food Security in Central Asia... 1 Viktor A. Dukhovny and Stulina Galina 2 Global Challenges in Water Management: The Canadian Context Chandra Madramootoo, Robert Baker, Aly Shady, and Helen Fyles 3 Integrated Water Resources Management Vadim Sokolov 4 Food Security and the Improvement of Water Use Efficiency Said Yokubzod 5 Security and Water Resources Management Problems and Experience in the Amudarya River Basin Yuldash Khudayberganov 6 Threats to Water Security in the Republic of Kazakhstan: The Transboundary Context and Possible Ways to Eliminate Them Anatoliy Dmitriyevich Ryabtsev 7 The Role of Land Reclamation in the Socio-Economic Progress in Uzbekistan and Government Support Policies of Water Management Shavkat R. Khamraev 8 Experience of Coordinated Water Resources Use of the Syrdarya River Basin States Makhmud Khamidov 9 IWRM Results in South Kyrgyzstan in Terms of Water Productivity Improvement Barataly Turanovich Koshmatov vii

8 viii Contents 10 Assessment of the Efficiency of IWRM - Fergana Project s Impact in the Republic of Uzbekistan Sergei Alexeyevich Nerozin 11 Issues of Capacity Building and Training in IWRM Implementation for Achieving Socio-Economic Stability Through Higher Productivities of Water and Land Use in the Region Pulatkhon Umarov 12 Scenarios of Future Development in the Aral Sea Basin Anatoly Sorokin 13 Food Security: Quantity and Quality Matters for Eating Good Bread in Uzbekistan Kienzler Kirsten, Nazar Ibragimov, and John P.A. Lamers 14 Water Resources: The Basis for the Socio-Economic Development in the Lower Reaches of the Amudarya: A Case Study of Karakalpakstan Kurbanbaev Erejep, Karimova Olga Yushevna, and Kurbanbaev Sagit 15 Experience in Controlling Structures of Volzhski-Kamsk Cascade of Reservoirs and Issues of Socio-Economic and Environmental Stability in the Volga Region Sergei Yevstaphievich Bednaruk 16 Alternative Sources of Water Supply to Minor Water Consumers in the Deserts of Central Asia Agajan Geldiyevich Babaev 17 SCADA Instrument for Increasing Water Productivity Ismail Begimov 18 Central Asia Regional Water Information Base CAREWIB Iskander Ferdinandovich Beglov 19 Steady Management of Transboundary Drainage Water Myratgheldy Akmammedov 20 Hydraulic Structure Safety in the Republic of Uzbekistan Timur Kamalovich Kamalov

9 Contributors Myratgheldy Akmammedov Minister of Water Economy of Turkmenistan, Deputy Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan 142 Hero of Turkmenistan A. Niyazov Str., Ashgabat , Turkmenistan Atalyev Kakadurdy Ministry of Water Economy of Turkmenistan 142 Hero of Turkmenistan, A. Niyazov Str., Ashgabat , Turkmenistan Agajan Geldiyevich Babaev Interstate Commission for Sustainable Development of Turkmenistan 142 Hero of Turkmenistan, A. Niyazov Str.,, Ashgabat , Turkmenistan Robert Baker Brace Centre for Water Resources Management, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Sergei Yevstaphievich Bednaruk Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, Center of Russian Waterworks Inventory and State Water Cadastre 2/2-a, Pryanishnikov Str., Moscow , Russian Federation Ismail Begimov Scientific Information Centre of Interstate Commission for Water Coordination B. 11, Karasu 4, Tashkent , Republic of Uzbekistan Iskander Ferdinandovich Beglov Scientific Information Center of Interstate Commission for Water Coordination B. 11, Karasu 4, Tashkent, , Republic of Uzbekistan ix

10 x Contributors Victor A. Dukhovny Scientific Information Center of Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (SIC ICWC), B.11, Karasu 4, Tashkent , Republic of Uzbekistan Kurbanbaev Erejep Karakalpak Branch, Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation (SANIIRI), 12 Dustlik Str., Nukus , Republic of Uzbekistan Helen Fyles Brace Centre for Water Resources Management, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Nazar Ibragim Uzbek Cotton Research Institute Tashkent Timur Kamalovich Kamalov State Committee for Safety of Large-scale Hydro-structures 7 Navoiy Str., Tashkent , Republic of Uzbekistan Makhmud Khamidov Basin Water Organization Syrdarya B.11, Karasu-4, Tashkent , Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat R. Khamraev Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of Uzbekistan 4 Navoiy Str., Tashkent, , Republic of Uzbekistan Yuldash Khudaybergnov Basin Water Organization Amudarya 63 Al-Zamakhshary Str., , Urgench Republic of Uzbekistan Kienzler Kirsten International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Regional office for Central Asia and the Caucasus (CAC) P.O. Box 4564, , Tashkent Uzbekistan Barataly Turanovich Koshmatov Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources and Processing Industry of the Kyrgyz Republic, Water Resources Department, 4a Toktonaliev Str., Bishkek , Kyrgyz Republic John P.A. Lamers German-Uzbek Landscape Restructuring Project, Center for Development Research (ZEF) Walter-Flex-Str. 3, Bonn 53113, Germany

11 Contributors xi Chandra Madramootoo Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada Sergei Alexeyevich Nerozin SIC ICWC, Regional expert, B.11, Karasu-4, Tashkent , Republic of Uzbekistan Anatoliy Dmitriyevich Ryabtsev Committee for Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, 9 Avenue Pobeda, Astana, , Republic of Kazakhstan Aly Shady Natural Resources Division, Canadian International Development Agency, 200 Promenade du Portage, Hull, Quebec, Canada Vadim Sokolov Scientific Information Center of Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (SIC ICWC), B.11, Karasu 4, Tashkent , Republic of Uzbekistan Anatoly Sorokin Scientific Information Center of Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (SIC ICWC), Tashkent Stulina Galina Scientific Information Center of the Interstate Commission for Water Coordination B.11, Karasu 4, Tashkent , Rebublic of Uzbekistan Pulatkhon Umarov Scientific Information Center of Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (SIC ICWC), Training Centre of ICWC, B.11, Karasu-4, Tashkent , Republic of Uzbekistan Said Yokubzod Minister of Land Reclamation and Water Resources of the Republic of Tajikistan 5/1 Shansi Str., Dushanbe , Republic of Tajikistan Karimova Olga Yushevna Karakalpak Branch, Central Asian Research Institute of Irrigation (SANIIRI), 12 Dustlik Str, Nukus , Republic of Uzbekistan Kurbanbaev Sagit Expert of PIU