Studies concerning the genetic analysis of grain number/spike in winter wheat

Transcription

1 Volume 15(2), , 2011 JOURNAL of Horticulture, Foretry and Biotechnology Studie concerning the genetic analyi of grain number/pike in winter wheat Ciulca S. 1 *, Madoa E. 1, Ciulca Adriana 1, Velicevici Giancarla 1, Chi S. 1 USAMVB Timioara, Faculty of Horticulture and Sylviculture *Correponding author. c_i_orin@yahoo.com Abtract Grain yield i a comple trait made up of the interaction between different yield component and environmental effect. Becaue of that, it i neceary to know the genetic architecture of yield component. The aim of thi tudy wa to etimate the gene effect and heritability in i wheat croe between four cultivar, uing generation mean analyi (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2). In all hybrid combination high and ignificant value of bigenic effect have been obtained and epecially for additive dominant interaction. In cae of combination Romulu and Greiff, it appear that the dominance effect are ignificant and have the larget contributor to the genetic determinim of thi trait. In contrat, the dominance ha mall and inignificant value in Romulu GKGobe and are virtually miing, in the cae of combination Greiff G.K.Gobe.To increae the poibility of favorable gene accumulation for the number of grain/pike and thu raie the election efficiency i neceary to elect and cro the bet egregate from each hybrid combination. For thi goal epecially the combination: Greiff and Romulu will be ued. Key word winter wheat, genetic analyi, grain number/pike The development of high-yielding wheat cultivar i the major objective of breeding activitie. Knowledge of the nature, magnitude of gene effect and their contribution to the control of metric trait i important in formulating an efficient breeding program for wheat genetic improvement [2]. Grain yield in wheat i a comple character determined by everal trait. Reported heritability etimate indicate that certain morphological trait that influence grain yield in wheat are more heritable than yield itelf [4]. There are uggetion that the route to increaing wheat yield i to breed for increaed grain number [8]. The belief in grain number a a determinant of yield i boltered by the obervation, that grain number i correlated with condition favoring growth during an interval that precede flowering [5; 3]. The high heritability reulting to high genetic advance for yield component in wheat offer better cope of election of genotype in early egregating generation [9; 7]. In thi regard heritability etimate play an important role for planning the breeding trategy. Generation mean analyi i a imple but ueful technique for etimating gene effect for a polygenic trait, it greatet merit lying in the ability to etimate epitatic gene effect uch a additive additive (aa), dominance dominance (dd) and additive dominance (ad) effect [10]. The aim of thi tudy wa to etimate the gene effect and heritability in i wheat croe between four cultivar, uing generation mean analyi (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2). Material and Method Initial biologic material conited of four wheat cultivar, Romanian (Romulu, ) and foreign (Greiff, GKGobe), which wa introduced in a diallel complete cro, obtaining F 1 and F 2 reciprocal and direct hybrid, and backcroe with both parent. Obtained data were ued for calculating etimative value and gene effect [1] baed on formula: - mean effect: m = F 2 ; - additive effect: a B 1 B 2 ; - dominance: d 1/ 2P1 1/ 2P2 F1 4F2 2B1 2B2; - epitai (additive additive): aa 4F2 2B1 2B2; - epitai (additive dominance): ad 1/ 2P1 1/ 2P2 B1 B2; -epitai (dominance dominance): dd P P2 2F1 4F 2 4B1 B

2 In order to compare hybrid and parental form ci heteroi (mid parent) and tran heteroi (bet parent) wa determined. For a comple appreciation of heredity factor, environment factor and their interaction, variance component were alo calculated [6]. Reult and Dicuion Mean value of grain number/pike in parental form recorded value from (GKGobe) to (). In comparion with parental form, F 1 hybrid have achieved a greater number of grain/pike, mainly in combination: Romulu, Greiff, Romulu GKGobe. The F 2 hybrid were intermediate to the parental form. The ame reaction ha been hown in the cae of backcroe. Mean value of grain number/pike in the genitor and tudied hybrid Hybrid P 1 P 2 F 1 direct F 1 reciprocal Romulu Greiff G.K.Gobe Romulu Greiff Romulu G.K.Gobe Greiff G.K.Gobe Hybrid F 2 direct F 2 reciprocal Romulu Greiff G.K.Gobe Romulu Greiff Romulu G.K.Gobe Greiff G.K.Gobe B 1 B 2 Table1 Generally, the variability of f thi character for the tudied genotype wa high. The croe with the lowet variability coefficient were: Flamura GKGobe; Greiff. In thee combination, the environmental influence i mall, giving them great value for election. Baed on the analyi of the grain number/pike for parental form hybrid and different backcro i oberved that in cae of combination: Romulu, Romulu GKGobe, Flamura 85 Greiff, the value of F1 hybrid eceed the both, mid and bet parent. In mot cae, F 1 generation eceed the parent mean. Reciprocal croe of thi trait were different from each other. The value of reciprocal croe for hybrid: GKGobe, Romulu GKGobe, Romulu Greiff, were higher than thoe of direct croe. Superior value to parental form had F 1 hybrid: G.K.Gobe, Romulu Greiff, Romulu G.K.Gobe and Greiff G.K.Gobe. The hybrid F 1 Greiff achieved the mallet number of fertile tiller. Backcroe were ituated between mean value of generation F1 and parental form. The hybrid Greiff GKGobe, ha a lower mean compared to the parent with the mallet number of grain/pike, a manifeted a negative heteroi. In mot of the cae, value of F 2 generation were inferior to F 1 generation, with the eception of hybrid: G.K.Gobe, Romulu GKGobe. 204

3 Heteroi (%) Romulu Greiff G.K.Gobe Romulu Greiff Romulu G.K.Gobe Greiff G.K.Gobe ci 109,57 114,58 89,59 99,87 111,66 90,79 tran 101,87 102,05 76,94 95,52 102,90 87,35 Fig.1. Heteroi value for grain number/pike in F 1 hybrid Compared with the mid parent the tudied hybrid ubmitted value of ci heteroi between 9.57 % in Romulu and % in Flamura 85 Greiff. Alo, in cae of hybrid GKGobe, Greiff GKGobe and Romulu Greiff, grain number/pike wa inferior to parent mean. Compared to the bet parent, tran heteroi value were reduced (around 2%), manifeting only in the hybrid: Romulu, Greiff and Romulu GKGobe. In cae of the analyzed hybrid combination, there are trong difference regarding the contribution of different gene effect to achieve thi character. In cae of combination Romulu and Greiff, it appear that the dominance effect are ignificant and have the larget contributor to the genetic determinim of thi trait. In contrat, the dominance ha mall and inignificant value in Romulu GKGobe and are virtually miing, in the cae of combination Greiff G.K.Gobe. Etimative value of gene effect for grain number/pike in tudied hybrid Hybrid m a d aa ad dd Romulu Greiff G.K.Gobe Romulu Greiff Romulu G.K.Gobe Greiff G.K.Gobe Table 2 In combination Romulu and Romulu GKGobe, the dominance ha a negative ign which indicate that the mall number of grain/pike for the variety GKGobe i dominant inherited for thi cro. In all hybrid combination high and ignificant value of bigenic effect have been obtained and epecially for additive dominant interaction. In cae of GKGobe high value of bigenic effect like additive additive and dominant dominant were obtained. Thee reult ugget that epitai ha a major contribution in genetic determinim of thi character for tudied croe, and that the tudied varietie generally have a low value a genitor to improve the character. To increae the poibility of favorable gene accumulation for the number of grain/pike and thu raie the election efficiency i neceary to elect and cro the bet egregate from each hybrid combination. For thi goal epecially the combination: Greiff and Romulu will be ued. 205

4 Table 3 Etimative value of different factor involved in achieving the grain number/pike and it heritability Hybrid Contribution of Heritability Genotype Environment G E Romulu Greiff G.K.Gobe Romulu Greiff Romulu G.K.Gobe Greiff G.K.Gobe In term of the contribution of genetic and environmental factor to the phenotypical achievement of thi trait, from the analyi of data included in table 3 we can ee that in the combination: Greiff GKGobe, Romulu GKGobe, Greiff, GKGobe, genetic factor contribute to the phenotype achievement in a proportion of to 77.52%. In the hybrid combination Romulu and Romulu Greiff the contribution of the ecological factor to the achievement of phenotype i higher, namely 45,98 % and 61,20 %. Alo, at the hybrid Romulu the genotype environment interaction contribute to the phenotype achievement in a proportion of 37.76%, in remaining combination, the genotype environment interaction ha a minor role. The heritability coefficient value are different in the hybrid combination. In Greiff and G.K.Gobe, the heritability coefficient ( ), how that the phenotype reflect the genotype in an ignificant meaure. Selecting the pike with a large number of grain in thi combination, there i a trong poibility that a part of the decendant inherit thi trait. Concluion In all hybrid combination high and ignificant value of bigenic effect have been obtained and epecially for additive dominant interaction. In cae of combination Romulu and Greiff, it appear that the dominance effect are ignificant and have the larget contributor to the genetic determinim of thi trait. In contrat, the dominance ha mall and inignificant value in Romulu GKGobe and are virtually miing, in the cae of combination Greiff G.K.Gobe. To increae the poibility of favorable gene accumulation for the number of grain/pike and thu raie the election efficiency i neceary to elect and cro the bet egregate from each hybrid combination. For thi goal epecially the combination: Greiff and Romulu will be ued. Having in mind the high influence of environment and genotype environment interaction in the phenotypic achievement of eamined trait in Romulu Greiff, Romulu and Greiff G.K.Gobe it wa etablihed that recurrent election i mot uitable for breeding thi trait. Reference 1. Ciulca S Elemente de genetică cantitativă i genetica populatiilor. Ed. Agroprint, Timioara; 2. Dhanda SS, Sethi GS (1996). Genetic and interrelationhip of grain yield and it related trait in bread wheat under irrigated and rainfed condition. Wheat Inf. Serv. 83: Demote-Mainard, S., Jeuffroy, M.-H., Effect of nitrogen and radiation on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in the pike of winter wheat. Field Crop Re. 87, Fethi, B. E.G. Mohamed, Epitai and genotype-byenvironment interaction of grain yield related trait in durum wheat. Plant Breeding and Crop Sci. 2(2): Ficher, R.A., Number of kernel in wheat crop and the influence of olar radiation and temperature. J. Agric. Sci. 100, Kearey, M. J.,, Pooni H. S The Genetical Analyi of Quantitative Trait. Chapman & Hall, London; 7. Memon, S.M, B.A. Anari, M.Z. Balouch, Etimation of genetic variation for agroeconomic trait in pring wheat wheat (Triticum aetivum L.). Ind. J.Pl. Sci. 4: Reynold, M., Condon, A.J., Rebetzke, G.J., Richard, R.A., Evidence for ece photoynthetic capacity and ink-limitation to yield and bioma in elite pring wheat. In: Proceeding of the 4th International Crop Science Congre, Bribane. 9. Singh, K.N., R. Chatrath, Genetic variability in grain yield and it component character and their aociation under alt tre condition in tiue culture line of bread wheat (Triticum aetivum L. em Thell.) Wheat Information Service 75: Singh RP, Singh S Etimation of genetic parameter through generation mean analyi in breadwheat. Indian Journal of Genetic 52:

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