Weed Management in Wheat. Steve Wright, Gerardo Banuelos, Sonia Rios

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1 Weed Management in Wheat Steve Wright, Gerardo Banuelos, Sonia Rios

2 Small Grains Approx. 1,000,000 ac Wheat - 800,000 ac. Triticale- 100,000 ac Barley- 120,000 ac Oats - 100,000 ac Forage Mixes-

3 Acres Treated 2010 Herbicide Usage in California-Wheat 800,000 A 300, , , , ,000 50,000 0 Product

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5 Coast Fiddleneck Burning Nettle London Rocket Black Mustard

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7 Wheat Broadleaf Control MCPA- easier on oats 2,4-D- mustards Dicamba (Banvel, Clarity) mustards, malva Buctril- Fiddleneck, small mustards Shark- Fiddleneck, chickweed, malva ET- chickweed, mustards, s. nettle Osprey- chickweed, malva Simplicity- chickweed, malva, b.nettle Express- chickweed, malva, b.. Nettle,fiddleneck Simplicity- chickweed, malva, b.. Nettle,fiddlneck

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9 2,4-D MCPA More Injury More Effective Least Expensive Less Injury Less Effective Easier on Oats Tank mix with foliar N

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11 Untreated Shark + Clarity+ UN32

12 Banvel,Clarity Controls many broadleaves Partial control- chickweed, fiddleneck, pineappleweed, mayweed, malva, knotweed Dicamba + MCPA

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14 Effect of Broadleaf Herbicides on Yecora Rojo Wheat Ron Vargas, Madera Co % UTC leaf E. tillering L. boot 2,4-D MCPA Banvel + MCPA Buctril

15 Untreated - Edge of Spray Pattern Treated Shark Spray Pattern (Stinging Nettle, Fiddleneck)

16 Stinging Nettle, Coast Fiddleneck 2/3 oz Shark % N.I.S. + 4lb/ac Amm. Sulfate

17 Shark injury in wheat

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19 Herbicide Choice Weeds present Growth stage Costs Tank mixing flexibility Neighboring crops

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22 % Herbicide Injury on Winter Forages Tulare Co Treatment ai/a Horsebeans Peas Vetch Buctril Buctril Buctril Buctril + MCPA MCPA MCPA Banvel + MCPA ,4-D

23 Adding oats or barley, legumes to wheat or triticale generally lowers yields

24 Cotton Fallow Beds

25 Shark + Roundup injury in almonds

26 Shark damage

27 These conditions shall apply to the application of the following herbicides: 2,4-D 2,4-DB 2,4-DP Bromoxynil (Small Grains) Carfentrazone (Shark) Dicamba Flumioxazin (Chateau) Glyphosate MCPA Oxyflouren (Goal) Paraquat Propanil Pyraflufen (ET)

28 All applications (ground or air): 1. The Permittee shall attend an educational session regarding the proper application of herbicides approved by the Agricultural Commissioner. 2. A notice of intent shall be submitted at least 24 hours prior to the proposed application. The notice shall be made in accordance with CCR section A written recommendation shall be submitted along with the notice of intent. The written recommendation shall identify all susceptible crops located within one mile of the proposed treatment area. 3. All applications must take place during daylight hours. 4. No application may take place during inversion conditions. 5. All applications must take place with a minimum wind speed of at least 3 mph and not more than 10 mph as measured at a height of four feet above the ground. 6. For applications within 1 mile of a susceptible crop a smoke column or other method or device satisfactory to the commissioner shall be employed at the time and place of air applications to indicate to the applicator temperature inversions and the direction and velocity of the air flow. Any use of smoke must be in accordance with any applicable local air pollution rules.

29 Additional Aircraft Application Conditions: 1. No application of the listed materials may be made by aircraft between February 1 st and April 30 th of any calendar year. 2. For fixed-wing aircraft, application nozzles may span no more than 67% of the wing span. 3. For rotary-winged aircraft application nozzles may span no more than 75% of the rotor length. 4. Aircraft nozzles shall be equipped with orifices directed backward parallel to the horizontal axis of the aircraft in flight. Aircraft nozzles shall not be equipped with any device or mechanism which would cause a sheet, cone, fan, or similar type dispersion of the discharged material except as otherwise provided. 5. Each individual nozzle shall be equipped with a check valve and the flow controlled by a suckback device or a boom pressure release device; or each individual nozzle shall be controlled by a positive shutoff system. 6. Spray material shall not be discharged at a height of more than ten (10) feet above the crop or target. 7. For the duration of any application of these materials, the aerial applicator must have an individual on the ground at the site of the application who shall monitor conditions and have the ability to waive off the application in the event that conditions are unfavorable to proper application.

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31 Viable Weed Seed (X10,000) X Site of Collection Tulare Co. Composite of 7 Dairies Thousands of viable, seeds/ton Dry Cow Milking Cow Sedimentation Compost

32 Manure 5 Tons/A Freestall dry 32 weeds/lb = 320,000 weed seeds/a Corral + 299seeds/lb = 6,610,000 weed seeds/a

33 Canary Grass Wild Oats Italian Ryegrass Annual Bluegrass Ripgut Brome Foxtail Barley

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35 Grass Control-Wheat, Barley Axial- w. oats, I. ryegrass, suppression of canarygrass 1-6 lf. (no for Durums) tank mix with Express or MCPA Puma - w. oats,canarygrass. 2 lf-2 tiller, 2lf -5 lf. Tank mix with Buctril,wait 5 days between other herbicide app.,do not tank mix with liquid fert. Simplicity - w. oats, Italian ryegrass, broadleaf weed suppression 2 lf to 2 tiller, tankmix with 2,4-D,MCPA Osprey- w. oats, a.rye, canarygrass, a.bluegrass, ripgut. mustard, w.radish, cheeseweed,chickweed, 1 lf to 2-tiller, Causes crop injury Plantback cotton, dry beans, 90 days, corn 12 months Prowl H20 - W. oats -Postplant, Pre Treflan - supression of w.oats, canarygrass PPI at 2, plant below zone

36 1 Wild Oat Plants/ft = 43,500 plants/a If each plant produces 200 seeds, & 60% shatter Potential Reseeding of 5.2 million seeds/a

37 10 wild oats/ft can reduce your yields by 20%, or 600 lb/a If you have dockage penalties, this can amount to another 5% loss

38 % Wheat Yield Loss Yield Losses of Wheat at Different Densities of Wild Oats 35 1-lf stage ahead Same lf stage 1-lf stage behind Wild Oats Density (plants/m) *Manitoba Agriculture, 1988

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42 Osprey in Triticale Untreated Italian Ryegrass

43 Osprey Chickweed control Untreated

44 Kings Co. Italian Ryegrass Control Osprey Untreated Italian Ryegrass

45 Ripgut brome Control Puma Osprey Untreated

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48 Wild Oats Control in Wheat UCCE - Tulare Co Visalia Plot Overview

49 Wild Oats Control in Wheat UCCE - Tulare Co Visalia Puma Puma + UN O+UN+X-77 Puma+Shark+UN32 Untreated Puma + Shark Osprey + X-77 Osprey + UN32 + Shark

50 Wild Oats Control in Wheat UCCE - Tulare Co Visalia Puma + UN Puma Untreated Puma + Shark Osprey + UN32 5gal Osprey + Shark + UN32 5gal

51 Osprey Untreated Puma

52 Osprey Untreated Puma

53 Axial 3-5 LF

54 Wheat field with Horseweed infestation

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