Developing Organic Controls for SWD in Blueberries

Transcription

1 Developing Organic Controls for SWD in Blueberries

2 Nowhere is the SWD a bigger problem than in organic blueberries. By the end of 2016, Washington will have more than 2,500 acres of organic blueberries worth more than $50 million. In 2017, Washington produced 30 million pounds of organic blueberries-as much as the rest of the country combined. At least 24% of WA BB production is certified organic. California and Oregon collectively produced PROBABLY another 25 million pounds. West Coast represents more than 95% of organic blueberry production in North America. Growers have been largely reliant on a single product Entrust. The Entrust label requires growers to alternate; but effective rotational products are not available. Addressing this issue has been a top priority for the Washington blueberry industry.

3 Title Researcher/Instit. Request Rank Fungicide Decline Curves for Blueberry to Assist Growers in Meeting MRLs. Schreiber, Alan/ADG $19, Developing Organic Controls for SWD in Blueberries. Schreiber, Alan/ADG $14, Blueberry Tissue Nutrient Standards for Washington Production. Davenport, Joan/WSU $40, Modeling Blueberry Cold Hardiness in Washington. Hoheisel,Gwen/WSU $37, Testing of Several Herbicide Programs in Blueberry. Miller, Timothy WSU $8, Mummy Berry of Blueberry: Updates, Prediction Model Validation and Fungicide Resistance. Harteveld, Dalphy/WSU $15, Harmonization of MRLs - Dealing with Impossible to Meet MRLs. Schreiber, Alan/ADG $5, Do Herbicides Used on Blueberries Create Obstacles to Exports? Schreiber, Alan/ADG $8, Improvement of Pollination through Pollinator Supplementation in Washington Highbush Blueberry. DeVetter, Lisa/WSU $13, Non-toxic RANi-based biopesticide to control spotted wing drosophila. Choi, Man-Yeon/USDA-ARS $5, A wake up call for rhizomes: Can exogenously applied phytohormones disrupt apical dominance, deplete stored resources, and make field bindweed more susceptible to control? Sosnoskie, Lynn WSU $3, Control of Mummy Berry in Organic Blueberries. Schreiber, Alan/ADG $11, Assessing Blueberry virus Risks in Washington: Blueberry Scorch, Shock, Fruit Drop and Tomato Ringspot and Surveys of Washington Blueberry Fields for Aphids Walters, Thomas/Walters Ag Research $10, Developing commercial blueberry cultivars adapted to the Pacific Northwest with an emphasis on tolerance of Blueberry shock virus (BIShV) Finn, Chad USDA-ARS $8, To be determined later Gerdeman, Beverly WSU $14, Laboratory Equipment for Small Fruit Pathology at NWREC. Peever, Tobin/WSU $20,000 $236,000

4 Entrust 24c label for Washington states: Application Rate: Apply 4 to 6 fl oz of Entrust SC per acre as a foliar spray to control spotted wing drosophila. The amount of Entrust SC applied per acre will depend upon plant size and volume of foliage present and pest pressure. Use a lower rate in the rate range for light infestations and/or small plants and a higher rate in the rate range for heavy infestations and/or larger plants. Heavy infestations may require repeat applications, but follow resistance management guidelines. Resistance Management: Do not make more than two consecutive applications of Group 5 insecticides (spinetoram and spinosad). If additional treatments are required after two consecutive applications of Group 5 insecticides, rotate to another class of effective insecticides for at least one application.

5 The Specter of Resistance Looms Growers have a single product they know works; Entrust (spinosad). As a result, there is over reliance. California organic berry growers have faced SWD for a longer period of time than eastern Washington growers and they have resistance to spinosad. Oblique banded leafroller has developed resistance in one organic apple orchard in Washington.

6 The Future of Washington Organic Blueberries Most organic blues in WA are Dukes, are early and largely have escaped SWD so far. Large acreages are being planted to Draper and later varieties that are more at risk from SWD. The old Entrust label will not protect these later varieties; the new Entrust label will not protect any blueberries season long. In areas of longest and heaviest use in Washington there are anecdotes that Entrust is not giving the level of control it once was.

7 Eastern Washington trial site - blackberry

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12 2016 Organic SWD Trial Results in Blackberry - Franklin County Trt Treatment Form Form Rate Appl No. Name Conc Unit Rate Unit Code 1 Untreated 2 Entrust 22.5% 6fl oz/a ABCDE 3 Grandevo WDG 30% 3lb/a ABCDEF 4 Veratran D 0.2% 15lb/a ABCDEF 5 Entrust 22.5% 6fl oz/a ABEF 5 Grandevo WDG 30% 3lb/a CDG 6 Entrust 22.5% 6fl oz/a ABEF 6 Veratran D 0.2% 15lb/a CDG 7 Entrust 22.5% 6fl oz/a ABEF 7 Grandevo WDG+corn syrup 30% 3lb/a CDG 8 Entrust 22.5% 6fl oz/a ABEF 8 Veratran D + corn syrup 0.2% 15lb/a CDG 9 Azera + corn syrup 2.6% 2.5pt/a ABCDEFG 10 Experimental V + corn syrup 100% 4lb/a ABCDEFG 11 DeBug Turbo 66.5% 64oz/a ABCDEF 12 DeBug Turbo 66.5% 104oz/a ABCDEF 13 DeBug Turbo 66.5% 64oz/a ACE 13 Entrust 22.5% 6fl oz/a BDF 14 Experimental D 240gA/L 1.43fl oz/a ABCDEF 15 Experimental D 240gA/L 2.84fl oz/a ABCDEF 16 Experimental D 240gA/L 5.7fl oz/a ABCDE 17 Experimental D 240gA/L 8.5fl oz/a ABCDE 18 Experimental D 240gA/L 11.4fl oz/a ABCDEF 19 Delegate 250gA/kg 4.5oz wt/a ABCDEF 20 Malathion 8 Aquamul 960gA/L 20fl oz/a ABCDEF 21 Grandevo WDG 100% 3lb/a ABCDEF 22 Grandevo WDG 100% 3lb/a ABEF 22 Entrust 22.5% 6fl oz/a CD 23 Grandevo WDG 100% 3lb/a ABF 23 Entrust 22.5% 6fl oz/a CE 23 Venerate XC 100% 1gal/a D 24 Entrust 22.5% 6fl oz/a ABCDE 25 Jet-Ag 31% 1% v/v ABCDEF

13 Total SWD over the trial 2016 Organic SWD Trial Results in Blackberry ranked by total SWD over the trial Trt Treatment Rate SWD / 20 No. Name Rate Unit Total 7 Entrust r/w Grandevo + CS 6fl oz/a 23.5 j 8 Entrust r/w Veratran + CS 6fl oz/a 30.5 ij 19 Delegate 4.5oz wt/a 31.3 ij 6 Entrust r/w Veratran 6fl oz/a 53.0 hij 5 Entrust + Grandevo 6fl oz/a 60.0 g-j 9 Azera + corn syrup 2.5pt/a 60.8 g-j 2 Entrust 6fl oz/a 62.8 g-j 24 Entrust 6fl oz/a 63.3 g-j 10 Experimental V + corn syrup 4lb/a 66.8 f-j 18 Experimental D 11.4fl oz/a 77.5 e-i 20 Malathion 8 Aquamul 20fl oz/a 80.8 e-h 3 Grandevo WDG 3lb/a 83.5 e-h 13 DeBug Turbo r/w Entrust 64oz/a 89.3 d-h 22 Grandevo WDG r/w Entrust (2) 3lb/a 91.0 d-h 23 Grandevo (3) r/w Ent (2) r/w Ven (1) 3lb/a 99.3 c-h 4 Veratran D 15lb/a 103 c-g 25 Jet-Ag 1% v/v b-g 14 Experimental D 1.43fl oz/a b-g 11 DeBug Turbo 64oz/a b-f 21Grandevo WDG 3lb/a b-e 17 Experimental D 8.5fl oz/a b-e 16 Experimental D 5.7fl oz/a bcd 15 Experimental D 2.84fl oz/a bc 12 DeBug Turbo 104oz/a ab 1 Untreated a

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15 2017 Research Results Everything was similar to 2016 other than changed the treatments.

16 Days After First and Last Application35 7 Trt No. Treatment Rate of Application # of Apps. 12-Sep 12Veratran D 15lb/a ABCDE 58.5f 3Grandevo WDG 3lb/a ABCDE 73.0ef 17Venerate+NuFilm P 1gal/a ABCDE 80.0def 21Venerate+Su+Nufilm 0.75gal/a AGHIJK 83.8c-f 18Grandevo WDG+nuFilm 3lb/a ABCDE 87.8c-f 16Jet Ag 1% v/v ABCDE 88.3c-f 10Venerate XC+Su 1gal/a ABCDE 90.5c-f 19Venerate+Su+NufilmP 1gal/a ABCDE 93.0c-f 9Entrust/Venerate+Grandevo 6/1+3gal+lb/a abcde 98.8cde 8Entrust+Veratran+Su 3+15oz+lb/a abcde 99.3cde 15Grandevo=Su 1lb/a ABCDE 100.0cde 22Grandevo+Su+Nufilm 0.67lb/a AGHIJK 102.8cde 14Entrust/Grandevo+Veratran 6+3/15oz+lb+lb/a DE 106.0cde 2Venerate xc 1gal/a ABCDE 111.3cde 6Entrust +Veratran 6+15oz+lb/a AcBdE 112.5cd 13Entrust+Venerate+SU 6+1oz+gal/a ABCde 113.3cd 20Grandevo+Nufilm P+Su 1lb/a ABCDE 113.5cd 7Grandevo+Entrust+Su 6+3oz+lb/a abcde 115.5cd 1Untreated check 118.3bcd 11Entrust+Venerate XC 6+1gal/a abcde 120.8bc 4Entrust sc 4.5oz/a ABCDE 155.3ab 5Entrust+Grandevo 6+3oz+lb/a AcBdE 161.8a

17 Comparison of 22 Berry SWD Management Programs Trt Treatment Rate of # of Total SWD/20 berries No. Name Application applications over 35 day period 12 VERATRAN D 15lb/a ABCDE 116.8b 3 Grandevo WDG 3lb/a ABCDE 126.5b 21 Venerate S w Nufilm 1gal/a AGHIJK 145.0ab 17 Venerate S Nufilm 1gal/a ABCDE 148.0ab 14 Entrust R Grandevo/Venerate 6-3/15oz/a - lb/gal/a ABCDE 150.0ab 16 Jet Ag 1% v/v ABCDE 164.3ab 8 Entrust R Veratran S 6-15oz/a-lb/a ABCDE 165.5ab 9 Entrust R Grandevo/Venerate 6-3-1oz-lb-gal ABCDE 175.0ab 10 Venerate S 1gal/a ABCDE 176.3ab 19 Venerate S w Nufilm 1gal/a ABCDE 179.0ab 6 Entrust R Veratran 6-15oz/a-lb/a ABCDE 180.0ab 7 Entrust R Grandevo S 6-3oz/a-lb/a ABCDE 180.3ab 2 Venerate XC 1gal/a ABCDE 184.3ab 1 Untreated check 190.3ab 20 Grandevo S w Nufilm 0.75lb/a ABCDE 191.3ab 22 Grandevo S w Nufilm 0.67lb/a AGHIJK 192.8ab 18 Grandevo w Nufilm 3lb/a ABCDE 193.3ab 11 Entrust R Venerate XC 6-1oz/a-gal/a ABCDE 196.8ab 15 Grandevo S 1% v/v ABCDE 210.3ab 13 Entrust R Venerate S 6-1oz/a-1 gal ABCDE 216.0ab 4 Entrust SC 4.5oz/a ABCDE 219.3ab 5 Entrust R Grandevo 6-3oz/a-lba ABCDE 246.8a

18 Things we learned in Veratran looks very promising. Organic certified. Not registered on berries. Would like to obtain via the Section 18 process. Grandevo has significant activity against SWD. In 2017, we reduced sugar concentration from 12.5% to 1% and it was not nearly as effective. Jet Ag has activity. Not a stand alone product, but works well as a tank mix. Nufilm improved activity of Venerate. Nufilm seem to interfere with the activity of Grandevo.

19 How to use this information. Each year we further refine organic SWD control programs. Start early do not let SWD get established. Use higher rates. Entrust is key. Rotate with Grandevo or Venerate. Include NuFilm P when using Venerate. Mix in Grandevo with sugar at more than 1%. Corn syrup with Entrust may help. Including Jet Ag in the mix should help. In conclusion, rotate, higher rates, tank mix, start early, short intervals. Try to get access to Veratran as soon as possible.