Goat production in Spain. David R. Yáñez-Ruiz Animal Nutrition, CSIC, Granada, Spain

Transcription

1 Goat production in Spain David R. Yáñez-Ruiz Animal Nutrition, CSIC, Granada, Spain

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3 Small Ruminants Research group Alternative feed resources GHG Emissions Rumen microbial ecosystem

4 Goat production in Spain Introduction, background Main local dairy breeds Sector organization On farm Production data Production costs Feeding by-products Conclusions

5 Goat production in Spain: background Tradition goat kids 20 kg after spring grazing Cheese manufactaring during season a) 1980s: kid meat shifted to 1 month old b) Changes in milk processing health standards shift to milk selling c) 1990s: feedstuffs prices fell and milk value increased: intensification Only 9 % of goat milk is processed on farm / cooperative

6 Geographic distribution Intensive: 20 to 50 % Semi-extensive & extensive: 80 to 50%

7 Dairy goats local breeds MURCIANO-GRANADINA 1 st lactation: litres milk 2 nd 3 rd : litres milk Sexual maturity: 7-8 months (30 kg) Milk fat: litres milk / 1 kg cured cheese

8 Dairy goats local breeds MALAGUEÑA 1st lactation : 400 litres milk 2 nd 3 rd lactation: 540 litres milk

9 Dairy goats local breeds FLORIDA.

10 Dairy goats local breeds PAYOYA.

11 Dairy goats local breeds FEAGAS WEBSITE MAJORERA (CANARY ISLANDS).

12 NEGRA SERRANA.

13 Exporting genetic resources, live animals / year

14 CONSTITUCIÓN CABRANDALUCIA: FEDERATION OF GOATS BREEDS ASSOCIATIONS IN ANDALUSIA (from 2005)

15 CABRANDALUCIA: FEDERATION OF GOATS BREEDS ASSOCIATIONS IN ANDALUSIA (from 2005) goats 11% of total Andalucía 282 farms 100% of animals in breeding programs Six breeds

16 AREAS OF WORK LACTATION COTROL PROGRAMME GOAT REFERENCE CENTER

17 1. Lactation control programme Monthly individual collection of production data and milk samples

18 2. Goat reference center OBJECTIVE : organize the sector to make it more competitive ACTIVITIES: RESEARCH COURSES AND PRACTICAL TRAINING MARKETING

19 Distribution by countries EU, goats population

20 Goats farm numbers in Spain

21 EU goat milk production

22 Distribution by continents

23 Live weight, kg 70 replacement 340 days between kidding Minimize non(low)-produtive stages: - Avoid late first kidding and - Too long lactations Milk kg 5 4 Intake kg onths Condition 3,0-3,5 3,5-4,0 2,5-3,0 Dry period Kidding PREGNANCY LACTATION

24 Number of lactation / goat (% goats) Survey across 20 intensive farms

25 Age 1st kidding (% goats) < >18

26 Milk production according to 1st kidding < >18

27 Goat milk prices last 10 years + 26 % Increased demand in EU, hardly any competition from outside EU Increased demand from consumers Increased production costs Increased flocks size and intensification Excessed production International competitors Decreased demand Financia crisis Higher presure from industry Increased production costs New markets (China) Traditional markets recovered Reduced production Still high production costs

28 Construyamos el precio de la leche Farm costs for 1 litre milk 0,90 Cost 1 Litre Milk= 0,78 INTENSIVE (10 farms) 149 / goat /year 0,80 0,03 0,70 0,15 Amort+Intereses Loan+renov equip 4,23 % 0,60 0,50 0,11 Otros Other gastos costs 20,49 % 0,40 Mano Labour de obra 14,87 % 0,30 0,20 0,50 Alimentación Feeds 70,2 % 0,10 - ct /l

29 Farm costs for 1 l milk (SEMI)EXTENSIVE (12 farms) 114 / goat /year Feeds Pasture and crops Health Fixings Cheese Labour Energy Land Loans Other

30 Agro-industrial by-products Olive oil industry Greenhouse horticulture

31 Olive pulp Olive leaves Tomato waste

32 Olive pulp Olive leaves Tomato waste CP 7,44 9,88 15,3 NDF 63,2 41,8 19,1 ADF 43,0 28,2 13,9 Fat ,8 Water 60 42,1 94

33 How to store and provide these feeds? -Fresh? -BLOCKS -SILAGE

34 ENSILING % H2O SUGARS OLIVE SILAGE: TOMATO SILAGE: 50 % olive leaves+ 25 % olive pulp+ 25 % barley 80 % tomato + 15 % straw+ 5 % barley+ formic acid *Video ensilado

35 On-farm trials in Spain: by-products in dairy goats Farm 1 (September-November 2013) - Olive and tomato silages - 3 experimental groups Control : olive silage : tomato silage - 2 months monitoring - Feed intake, milk yield and composition and environmental assessment Farms 2 and 3 (September-December 2013) - Orange (farm2) and cauliflower (farm3) by-products (1) and 600 (2) lactating goats - 4 months monitoring - Feed intake, milk yield and composition, farm inputs and outputs

36 Farm 1: Silages made with olive oil and tomato by products OS TS 50% 25% 85% 25% 15% Control (oat hay)

37 Farm 1: Silages made with olive oil and tomato by products Olive silage Tomato silage Oat Hay EO ET Control DM (%) 71,4 41,6 92,6 OM (%) 83,7 89,7 95,8 Ee (%) 5,95 3,16 4,8 NDF(%) 39,0 41,6 34,4 CP (%) 8,8 11,9 10,1 60 dairy goats in mid lactation (n=20) (groups of 5) TMR (80%) + 20% Oat hay Olive Silage Tomato Silage 9 % feeding costs 28 days adaptation Milk yield (2 d) and composition Intakes (5 d by groups) Rumen digesta

38 Control Olive silage Tomato silage Daily intakes(g/d DM) Milk yiled (g/d) P= P= Milk fat (g/kg) Somatic cells counts (103 cell/ml) P= P=

39 Farm 1: Silages made with olive oil and tomato by products 30 CH4, l / kg DM intake 25 P = Control TS

40 40

41 Results Impact assessment: 41

42 Farm 1: Silages made with olive oil and tomato by products Pesticides detecded in silages and diets GCMS/MS & LCMS/MS *10 µg/kg, EUPT-CF <LD: below detection level ; N.D.: non detected Pesticides (µg/kg) OE Diet OE TS Diet TS Control 2-Fenil-fenol 1 13,5* 15,0* 17,0* 20,3* 16,4* Acetamiprid 2 11,5* 1,70 9,30 N.D. 0,40 Azinfos-etil 2 N.D. N.D. 14,1* N.D. N.D. Azoxistrobina 2 44,0* <LD 24,5* <LD N.D. Carbofurano 2 N.D. N.D. 15,0* N.D. N.D. Carboxin 2 4,50 N.D. <LD <LD <LD Clorpirifos 1 11,4 111* 7,90 109* 126* Clorpirifos metil 1 N.D. 13,1* N.D. 11,3* N.D. Clotianidina 2 N.D. N.D. 4,20 N.D. N.D. Cipermetrina 1 N.D. 131* N.D. 95,7* 90,5* Ciprodinilo 1 N.D. N.D. 92,4* 19,3* N.D. Difenoconazol 2 <LD <LD 25,2* <LD <LD Diflufenican 1 11,5* 7,00 N.D. N.D. N.D. Epoxiconazol 2 <LD <LD 30,0* <LD <LD Espiroxamina 2 <LD <LD 12,2* <LD <LD Etofenprox 1 N.D. 39,2* 41,5* 28,5* 24,2* Fenhexamida 2 <LD <LD 16,5* <LD <LD Fenitrotión 2 N.D. N.D. 3,60 N.D. N.D. Fenpropimorf 2 N.D. N.D. 3,00 <LD N.D. Fention-sulfona 2 6,60 N.D. 2,70 N.D. N.D. Fention-sulfoxido 2 N.D. N.D. 12,5* N.D. N.D. Fludioxonil 1 N.D. N.D. 130* 38,1* N.D. Fluquinconazol 2 N.D. N.D. 18,0* N.D. N.D. Flutriafol 2 <LD <LD 39,0* 2,10 <LD Fosfamidón 2 N.D. N.D. 12,3* N.D. N.D. Imazalil 2 N.D. N.D. 12,0* N.D. N.D. Iprodiona 2 <LD <LD 18,6* <LD <LD Isoproturón 2 N.D. N.D. 11,7* <LD N.D. Linurón 2 N.D. N.D. 12,3* N.D. N.D. Malaoxón 2 2,50 2,90 6,50 N.D. N.D. Malatión 2 <LD <LD 14,4* <LD <LD Metconazol 2 <LD <LD 32,1* <LD <LD Metacrifos 2 21,2* N.D. 4,50 N.D. N.D. Oxifluorfen 1 359* 93,3* 18,3* N.D. N.D. Paclobutrazol 2 <LD N.D. 38,7* <LD <LD Pencicurón 2 <LD <LD 12,0* N.D. N.D. Pirimifos metilo 1 N.D. 11,5* N.D. 9,60 10,7* Piraclostrobina 2 N.D. N.D. <LD N.D. N.D. Pirimetanil 1 N.D. N.D. 27,4* 12,6* 10,2* Quinoxifen 2 <LD <LD 14,1* <LD <LD Tebuconazol 2 14,5* 239* 68,1* 289* 161*

43 Farm 2: Citric by-products in dairy goats

44 Farm 2: Citric by-products in dairy goats Yearly farm calendar of activities and feeds supply Activities Tree prunning Leaves collection Kidding Dry period J F M A M J J A S O N D Supply Orange and lemons Mandarines Fresh leaves Dry leaves Concentrate Oat hay

45 Farm 2: Citric by-products in dairy goats (MJ/kg DM)

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47 Farm 2: Citric by-products in dairy goats Milk yield Eg requirement Eg supply

48 New by-product: water melon plant

49 Conclusions Well organised sector but very much dependent on Acquiring external feeds Milk price Use of by-products locally may alleviate the high dependence on external feeds input

50 ευχαριστώ Thank you!