Recent Developments in Mechanization in SA

Transcription

1 Recent Developments in Mechanization in SA Cross fertilization of ideas H S Sidhu (Sr. Research Manager) & Bhagirath Chauhan (Weed Scientist) H.Sidhu@cgiar.org b.chauhan@cgiar.org

2 Issues In South Asia Degradation of Natural Resources (Soil, Water & Environment) Stagnation in the crop Yield Declining Farmers Income Scarcity of Farm Labor Mechanization for small Farmers Climate change Sustainability of Agriculture

3 Efficient utilization of available water sources Develop Strategies Enhance water productivity at field level Best option to redress the water scarcity

4 What is laser leveling? Laser land leveling is leveling the field within certain degree of desired slope using a guided laser beam through out the field.

5 Bihar (N= 60) Saving in Irrigation Costs under Laser Leveling over Traditional Leveling US$ ha Rice (11) Wheat (38) Maize (09) Potato (02) Source: Jat et al, 2009b

6 Land Leveling effects on RW system productivity RW System Productivity ( t ha -1 ) Laser Traditional 0.76 Yr-1 Yr-2

7 > machines in south Asia GROWTH OF LASER LEVELING IN PUNJAB With Due Acknowledgement to Dr. Joe Rickman &CIMMYT

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9 25 % in efficiency > 23 manufactures

10 Direct Seeded Rice

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18 Some More Efforts

19 DSR with Sprinkler Date of Seeding : Variety : Arize 6129 Seed Rate : 6kg/acre

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23 Rice Residue Management

24 POSSIBLE STRAW MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Collection Straw incorporation (most difficult) Burning Complete burning (mostly practiced) Partial burning Straw Mulch

25 Mostly Practiced Rice Residue Management Technique PIL in High Court

26 Data & Feed Back Data/ Information Capacity Building ARTs Punjab Hub Development, Evaluation & improvement Other Hub Public partners PAU, SDA,, KVKs, ICAR Machinery Manufacturers Rolling Out Institutional mandate Demos & ART Innovation Zimidara Farm Solutions Champion farmers Business Inputs Input Dealers SALE/Buisness Profits Print & Mass media Farmers IMPACTS/ Outcomes >4000 Laser in the state Electricity Saving = 400 units/rice season/acre Purchase of 200 Turbo happy seeder by State Govt Subsidy on Laser Land Lever & Turbo Seeder

27 Mitigation Strategies for terminal Heat RW system (i) Advancing planting time (ii) Cultivar choices (iii) Mulching (iv) Irrigation management (v) Balanced plant nutrition.

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38 Sowing Time Lag for different options 25 Time (days) Happy Seeder No-tillage Conventional Incorporation

39 Custom hiring Cost for different options 1 USD = 45 INR

40 Effect of residue management on soil temperature (5 cm) 35 Temperature ( o C) 30 Mulch Bare Max Min. Bare Mulch Mulch Bare Oct Oct-03 3-Nov Nov Nov-03 Sidhu et al. 2007

41 Moisture conservation at different layers for mulched and un-mulched plots without mulch With m ulch Moisture content (%) Depth of layers (cm)

42 Weed matter growth in mulched and un-mulched plots 0.5 With mulch Without mulch Quantity (t/ha) Plot A2 Plot P6 Plot P1 Plots Weed matter after 45 days of sowing Quantity (t/ha) Plot A2 Plot P6 Plot P1 Plots With mulch Without mulch Weed matter after 90 days of sowing

43 Quantity of Nutrient available in Rice Straw in one hectare quantity kg/ha N P K S Organic

44 Canopy temperature under various tillage option Wheat Varieties Turbo Happy Seeder Canopy Temperature ( ºC ) Zero till Conventional Rotoseeder DBW PBW HD Average No. of observations

45 Rice Residue Management

46 Performance of wheat during last three conjunctive years Districts Year (locations) Yield (t/ha) % increase* CT HS (46) (14) (94) * Over conventional Mean (154)

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51 Germination

52 Moong Yield was 1.6 t/ha

53 Av. Yield Wheat (kg) Av. State Wheat (kg) Yield gap (kg) kg Cotton grown area Rice grown area -247 kg Yield (kg/ha) gap of wheat in cotton grown and rice grown areas

54 Newly Developed Prototype Clutches Seed box Fertilizer box Engine Separator

55 Sowing wheat on date

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58 Farmer removing the cotton sticks

59 Comparison of Relay & Conventional Crop Sowing on

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65 Yield (t/ha) Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Average yield (t/ha) Yield gain (t/ha) Relay Seeder Hand drill Broad casting Conventional Yield Comparison of Relay Seeding of wheat in standing cotton

66 Yield Comparison of Relay Seeding of wheat in standing cotton Treatments Wheat grain yield ( t ha -1 ) Mean Cost of cultivation (US$ ha -1 ) Net profit (US$ ha -1 ) B:C ratio T a 4.84a 4.91a a 3.15 T a a b 2.61 T a 4.64a 4.52a b 2.61 T b 4.33b 3.93b c 2.11 Within a column, means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level of probability by the Duncan s multiple range test (DMRT) Source : Paper submitted in 5 th World Congress of Conservation Agriculture incorporating 3 rd Farming Systems Design Conference, September 2011 Brisbane, Australia

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73 Some Specifications Normal Tractor Ground Clearance (cm) 45 cm High Clearance Tractor 110 cm Weight (Kg) 2000 Kg 2350 Kg Turning Radius Seeding Speed 3.5 km/hr 17% less Track Width 135 cm 202 cm

74 Opportunities Very good Liaison with manufacturer Global market for need/farm size based machinery Custom hiring single window service is emerging for small & Marginal farmers State Govt. are coming forward providing subsidies on all CA /new machinery

75 What Next Global challenges of mechanization for S/M size How Indian machinery manufacturing skills/strengths Multi-crop ZT Planter for 2WT Laser Land Leveler for 2WT Capacity building of scientists Manufactures, Farmers Trainings & Exposer visits

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86 Small 4 WT Tractors (15-20 HP) 4 WT v/s 2 WT Four Manufacturers

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90 Machines sold By different manufacturers S.No. Name of the Firm Type of machines 1 ASS foundry and Agril. Work, Near Police station, GT Road, Jandiala Guru, Distt. : Amritsar , : assagril@yahoo.com 2 Dasmesh Mechanical Works Amargarh , E Mail : info@dasmesh.net.in Inclined Plate planters, ZT, Bed Planters Inclined Plate planters, ZT, Bed Planters, Happy Seeders & Combine Harvester 3 National Agro Industry Ludhiana (INDIA) , E Mail : info@nationalagroinds.com 4 Amar Agril. & Threshers, Amar Street, Gill Road Ludhiana (INDIA) info@amaragri.com Inclined Plate planters, ZT, Bed Planters, Happy Seeders & 2WT MCP attachments Small Tractors, Threshers, seeders, weeders and reapers

91 Thanks