GENOMITE: New generation sustainable tools to control emerging mite pests under climate change. Jerry Cross NIAB EMR, Stephane Rombauts, VIB Belgium

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1 GENOMITE: New generation sustainable tools to control emerging mite pests under climate change Jerry Cross NIAB EMR, Stephane Rombauts, VIB Belgium

2 Two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae: an increasing threat for global agricultural production due to climate change Major agricultural pest feeds on >150 crops Adapting to new crops Record-breaker in pesticide resistance Increasing problem with global warming worldwide Greenhouse Crops Outdoor Crops Fruits and Fruit trees cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, melons, beans, roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, cannabis sweet corn, maize, cotton, peas, soybean, hops, potatoes grapes, strawberries, citrus, apples, pears, stone fruit

3 Best model example for tackling the effects of climate change on crop-pest interactions Whole genome sequence available Very high quality Regularly updated

4 Objectives of the Genomite project Investigate the effect of climate change on: Species distribution Reciprocal responses between mites and plants (tomato and strawberries) at transcriptional and metabolomic levels Mite host-adaptation state and mechanism leading to host adaptation 4

5 Key findings 5

6 WP1: CC affects land suitability for tomato production pixabay

7 Pest distribution expands northwards in EU

8 Biological control by main commercial predator will not be an option Biobee.com

9 Drought stress in tomato enhances the performance in three mite pests Journal of Insect Physiology (2017) 96: (2016) 11(1): e Experimental and Applied Acarology (2017) 73: Drought stress promotes the colonization success of a herbivorous mite that manipulates plant defenses. Ximénez-Embún, M.G., Glas, J.J., Ortego, F., Alba, J.M., Castañera, P., Kant, M. 9

10 Traditional tomato landraces tolerant to drought and mite pests Drought Osmolytes (sugar & aa) Plant defense Attenuate A link could be established between drought-induced changes in tomato plant nutritional value and mite performance - Identified tomato landraces on which mite performance was not enhanced by drought - Tomato Tomàtiga de Ramellet from Mallorca grows with little irrigation 10

11 Smart agriculture needs local solutions Drought will impact mite pests differently in South/North EU localities Major changes in mite performances expected in more humid EU regions 11

12 WP2: Effect of drought on plant - mite interaction omics approach Experimental design 12

13 Simultaneous collection of transcriptome and metabolome data for both plant and pest Genome Transcriptome Metabolome High-throughput transcriptome and metabolome analysis done Transcriptome and metabolome changes describe an actual interaction between plant and pest Gene expression data Metabolite profile data Integration and pathway discovery Development of novel plant traits, pest management strategies, etc. 13

14 Genome-wide analysis of transcriptional responses to drought, mite herbivory, and mite host-adaptation Genome-wide plant transcriptional responses to mite attack are sensitive to factors of water stress and mite adaptation, and evolve over time. Adaptation to various plant hosts dramatically changes gene expression in mites. 14

15 WP3: Metabolomics: Data overview Detection of Features 4657 (930 annotated) features detected accross all analytical platforms Annoted features provide infomation about: Plant primary metabolism Mite primary metabolism Plant secondary metabolism (herbivory defence compounds) 15

16 Metabolomics: Comparing tomato plants grown under normal and drought conditions Increase in the concentration of amino acids and sugars associated with drought stress L-Aspartic acid D-Glucose 16

17 WP5: Network of annotated metabolites and the connected transcripts for all tomato samples

18 WP4: Reciprocal transcriptional and metabolomic responses between mites and plants Transcriptomics DEGs associated with: Plants grown under different environmental conditions Plants infested by adapted and non-adapted mites Mite adaptation status Metabolomics Plant and mite metabolites that associate with different environmental conditions Plant and mite metabolites that associate with mite adaptation status 18

19 Mechanisms leading to mite host-adaptation salivary secretions Detect proteins in Saliva by LC MS/MS Detect transcripts in proterosoma vs whole body 19

20 Uncovering mite elicitors/ effectors and their interacting pathways in plant 95 putative salivary proteins were identified Majority (81%) were expressed at higher level in head vs body Common and host-specific salivary proteins were identified in situ hybridization: confirmation of expression in salivary gland A catalogue of potential effectors 20

21 Uncovering mite elicitors/ effectors scientific output 21

22 GENOMITE: New generation sustainable tools to control emerging mite pests under climate change (CC) CC will: increase spider mite outbreaks mite predator will have reduced impact on mite populations mild drought stress will result in greater damage CC-resilient tomato landraces identified Smart agriculture needs local solutions Potential tools for plant pest control uncovered: Mite elicitors/ effectors DEGs and metabolites associated with plant and mite responses to drought and mite adaptation state 22

23 Valorisation opportunities Accessibility to integrated data Publication of results (12 refereed papers to date) Potential IP development (patenting) Presentations at conferences and meetings (dedicated sessions including 18 presentations at 3 international spider mite Genome conferences so far) Presentations to companies and policy makers Basis for other grant applications 23

24 Future prospects Use of data base to identify genes, metabolites etc - follow on project to mine data to maximise valorisation needed Targets for breeding programmes, biopesticides, markers of drought resistance Application of approach to other crop-pest interactions Follow up projects funded by ERA NET Research Promotion Foundation of Cyprus H2020 x 2 Genome Canada A BASIS for new generation sustainable tools to control emerging mite pests under climate change ESTABLISHED 24

25 Partners 25

26 Scientific Advisory Board Dr Pierre Hilson Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA France Dr Sylvain Pincebourde University of Tours France Prof David Pink Harper Adams University UK

27 Funders

28 The group 28