What are the most common uses of agrobiodiversity and associated traditional knowledge in strengthening resilience to climate change-related stresses?

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1 The role of agricultural biodiversity in strengthening resilience to climate change: towards an analytical framework (Mijatovic et al. 2013) What are the most common uses of agrobiodiversity and associated traditional knowledge in strengthening resilience to climate change-related stresses?

2 Variation in the importance of resilience-strengthening practices across different environments 100% Stress-tolerant species/varieties 80% Adjustment in agricultural practices Initiatives 60% 40% 20% 0% Tropical and Mountain Arid, semi-arid, subtropical (65) (Andes and tropical semiarid Himalayas) (19) (66) Coastal and small islands (22) Diversification Adjustment in water and soil management Ecosystem protection and restoration Agroecological environments (number of initiatives)

3 The importance of agrobiodiversity at different levels Ecosystem protection and restoration Diversification and innovation Landscape Farming system Maintenance of and access to diversity Species/variety

4 Cross-scale linkages between resilience-strengthening practices Ecosystem protection and restoration Diversification and innovation Landscape Farming system Maintenance of and access to diversity Species/variety

5 Social-ecological resilence indicators Using social ecological systems theory as a conceptual framework, these practices have been examined to identify indicators of resilience in agricultural landscapes.

6 Social-ecological resilence indicators Using social ecological systems theory as a conceptual framework, these practices have been examined to identify indicators of resilience in agricultural landscapes. Testing site - Kitui landscape, Kenya Indicators can help to reach a common understanding of threats and solutions, and identify resilience-strengthening strategies (e.g. improved access to seeds and knowledge, tree planting, protection of sacred sites). Photographs Yasu Morimoto

7 : Strengthening the partnership between indigenous peoples, rural communities and scientists through the Platform for Agrobiodiversity Research (PAR)

8 Illustrating the importance of agrobiodiversity to rural communities and indigenous peoples through an analysis of the inter-relations between land management decisions and agrobiodiversity, in the context of the ongoing debate over land sparing versus land sharing.

9 How do we feed 9 billion people and conserve biodiversity?

10 How do we feed 9 billion people and conserve biodiversity? Land sparing or land sharing?

11 How do we feed 9 billion people and conserve biodiversity? Land sparing or land sharing? Agricultural intensification on already-converted land to spare forests Wildlife-friendly farming to increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes

12 Project aims Assess the current state of knowledge with respect to land sharing and land sparing, and critically analyse the validity of the claims made

13 Project aims Assess the current state of knowledge with respect to land sharing and land sparing, and critically analyse the validity of the claims made Understand the effects of the two approaches on agrobiodiversity

14 Project aims Assess the current state of knowledge with respect to land sharing and land sparing, and critically analyse the validity of the claims made Understand the effects of the two approaches on agrobiodiversity Discuss the views of indigenous peoples and rural communities who depend on and maintain agrobiodiversity

15 Project aims Assess the current state of knowledge with respect to land sharing and land sparing, and critically analyse the validity of the claims made Understand the effects of the two approaches on agrobiodiversity Discuss the views of indigenous peoples and rural communities who depend on and maintain agrobiodiversity Identify knowledge gaps and areas where further investigation is needed

16 Why is it important to understand the views of indigenous peoples and rural communities who depend on and maintain agrobiodiversity? Intact forest landscapes

17 Why is it important to understand the views of indigenous peoples and rural communities who depend on and maintain agrobiodiversity? Tree cover

18 Why is it important to understand the views of indigenous peoples and rural communities who depend on and maintain agrobiodiversity? If we conserve only these landscapes, what happens to biodiversity outside these areas and to the indigenous and rural communities that manage complex landscape mosaics?

19 Project activities Collect and review available information and experiences Scientific literature Information from communities who have relevant experiences Prepare and circulate discussion paper Organize a workshop (3-7 June 2013) Hosted by the Indigenous Knowledge and Peoples Foundation in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Finalize and publish documents

20 The review and analysis Some of the questions What are the main premises, claims and arguments? What scale are we talking about? Which strategy can conserve more biodiversity? Which approach ensures more ecosystem services? What are the limits and weakness of these approaches?

21 What can we add to the debate?

22 What can we add to the debate? The question of agrobiodiversity

23 What can we add to the debate? The question of agrobiodiversity What is the significance of this debate for the maintenance and use of agrobiodiversity? Which land use strategies can best contribute to climate change resilience?