Regional Summary Nutrient Availability Coefficients. John Lory Caitlin Conover University of Missouri

Transcription

1 Regional Summary Nutrient Availability Coefficients John Lory Caitlin Conover University of Missouri

2 Does Manure = Chemical Fertilizer?

3 For Nitrogen? 180 lbs N/A as anhydrous ammonia How much manure N do I need to apply to provide the same fertilizer value?

4 For Nitrogen? Total N content: 60 lbs/1000 gallons If I apply 3000 gal/acre: 180 lbs TN/acre (assume 100% available) is that enough?

5 Possible factors Manure source Animal type Treatment For Nitrogen? Additives (e.g.bedding) Processing (e.g. storage type, composting) Placement (surface vs. injection) Timing To incorporation Of application Weather

6 Nitrogen (lb/a) Woli et al., 2013: Iowa Finish hog manure, Injected or surface applied incorporated Average: 80% available Total N applied Estimated Available 20 0 Site 4 Site 6 Site 14 Site 15 Site 16

7 First-year N availability (%) Impact of N Source on Corn Yield 18 sites (6 Broiler, 6 Layer, 6 Turkey). Litter N availability averages ~45% Broiler Litter Layer Turkey Mean Diaz et al., 2011; Iowa

8 Manure = Chemical Fertilizer

9 Calculating Available N Liquid Swine Manure Ammonium N Organic N N Content 35 NH4-N 23 Org N 58 Tot N

10 Calculating Available N Liquid Swine Manure Broiler Litter Ammonium N Organic N Ammonium N Organic N N Content 35 NH4-N 23 Org N 58 Tot N 7 NH4-N 58 Org N 65 Tot N

11 Calculating Available N Surface Application NH 3 NH 3 NH 4 organic N NH 4 NH 4 NO 3 NO 3

12 Calculating Available N Injection NO NH 4 NH 3 4 NO 3 organic N NH 4

13 Calculating Available N: Two approaches First Approach: Total N X availability factor = Plant available N (PAN) Example MN: - Availability knife injection- 80% - Total N = 58 lbs/1000 gal PAN = 58 X 0.8 = 46 lbs/1000 gal

14 Calculating Available N: Two approaches Second Approach: Organic N X availability factor + ammonium N X retention factor = PAN Example MO: - Organic availability (first year)- 39% - Ammonium retention injection 95% - Organic N = 23 lbs/1000 gal; NH4-N = 35 lbs/1000 gal. PAN = 23 X X 0.95 = 42 lbs/1000 gal

15 How do States Compare? 70/80% Injected Hog Manure 71% 66/72% % 70% 74% 50% Values are PAN as a % of TN 60% 70% First-year availability

16 How do States Compare? 35% Surface Hog Manure 14/38% 15% 68-90% 46% 59/68% 35% Values are PAN as a % of TN 50% 40% First-year availability

17 States that Apply Loss Factors to Total Nitrogen MN IA TN KY OK Percent available Injection 70/ Unincorporated -hog slurry Variation in Total N MN Injection method; sweep or knife IA First year organic N: Variation in the proportion of ammonium N (and for poultry manure also uric acid), bedding type and amount, and both sampling and analysis. Ammonium N: User discretion

18 States that use the 2-factor approach KS MO NE IL Percent available Year 1 organic N /35 Year 2 organic N Year 3 organic N NH4-N Injected 90/ /100 NH4-N un-incorporated /40 75/90 Variation in First year Organic N IL liquid manure storage method; either aerobic or anaerobic liquid Variation in ammonium N KS Injection method; knifed or sweep injection NE Temperature of liquid manure at time of spreading; > or < 50 F IL Weather; either cool dry wet

19 How do States Compare? 70/80% Injected Hog Manure 71% 66/72% % 70% 74% 50% Values are PAN as a % of TN 60% 70% First-year availability

20 How do States Compare? 70% Incorporated Litter 37/41% 28% 48-59% 65% 61% 60% Values are PAN as a % of TN 60% 60% First-year availability

21 How do States Compare? 45% Surface Litter 27/31% 18% 35-41% 61% 63% 45% Values are PAN as a % of TN 50% 50% First-year availability

22 Poultry Manure KS MO NE IL AR Percent available Year 1 organic N / Year 2 organic N Year 3 organic N NH4-N Incorporated /99 - NH4-N un-incorporated /85 - Variation in First year Organic N IL: liquid manure storage method; either aerobic or anaerobic liquid Variation in ammonium N IL: Weather; either cool dry wet

23 States that Apply Loss Factors to Total Nitrogen MN TN IA KY OK Percent available Incorporated poultry litter Unincorporated - poultry litter

24 How do States Compare? 80% 100% % 100% 50/100% 100% 80% Values are 90% % % % of P available First-year availability

25 How do States Compare? 90% 100% % 100% 85% 100% 100% Values are 90% % % % of K available First-year availability

26 Reasons for Variability in Phosphorus and Potassium KS Soil P availability. 100% availability for medium to very high P testing soils. 50% for low and very low P testing soils. NE User discretion for potassium availability TN User discretion IA Variation in sampling and analysis and for soil P and K availability. 100% availability when manure is applied to maintain soil-test P and K in the optimum soil test category. Lower P and K availability values for very low and low soil test categories.

27 What have we Learned? Injected/incorporated manure more reliable. High organic matter manure less predictable and less available for N. Manure P and K highly available and more reliable than manure N.

28 What number should I use? On regulated operations refer to the state requirements. Many states have publications describing their philosophy. Purdue maintains a on-line calculator correct for many states (

29 Arkansas References The use of poultry litter in row crops. University of Arkansas Extension. Illinois MidWest Plan Service, MWPS-18, Livestock Waste Facilities Handbook Iowa Using Manure Nutrients for Crop Production. Iowa State Extension, PMR Sept Kansas Estimating Manure Nutrient Availability. Kansas State MF January, Kentucky The Agronomics of Manure Use for Crop Production. Kentucky Extension AGR-165. September, Minnesota Manure Management in Minnesota. UMN Extension, as adapted in USDA-NRCS MN-CPA-35. June, Missouri Calculating Plant-Available Nitrogen and Residual Nitrogen Fertilizer Value in Manure. MU Guide G9186. December, Nebraska Determining Crop Available Nutrients from Manure. NebGuide G1335, April Oklahoma Fertilizer Nutrients in Animal Manure. OSU Extension Fact Sheet PSS Tennessee Manure Application Management. Tennessee Extension PB1510. February, 1994.

30 Corn Yield (Mg/ha) Impact of N Source on Corn Yield Repeated applications on the same plots. Treatments with a different letter are significantly different within yrs. P<0.01). Litter N availability ~30% first year and >50% with multiple applications. Fall applications reduce availability a b b b b c a b ab b a ab a b a b Control Spring Ammonium Nitrate (202 lbs N/ha) 6 Fall Ammonium Nitrate (202 kg N/ha) 4 2 c d c c Spring Litter (490 kg N/ha) Fall Litter (490 kg N/ha) yr Mean Tewolde et al., 2013; Mississippi