Knockdown Herbicide Resistance

Transcription

1 Knockdown Herbicide Resistance

2 Increase in glyphosate resistance in 7 years Country Number of species Country Number of species USA Australia 5 17 Canada 1 6 Czech 1 1 Republic Brazil 5 8 Israel 2 2 Argentina 3 11 South 3 3 Africa Chile 1 1 China 2 2 Spain 5 5 Malaysia 2 2 France 2 3 Italy 1 3 Heap, 2018

3 Glyphosate resistant Species Sept 18 First Year Number of populations Where do you get it? annual ryegrass # Everywhere gly is used awnless Barnyard grass herbicide fallow liverseed grass herbicide fallow flaxleaf fleabane Roadsides bigly windmill grass Herbicide fallow; roadsides wild radish Herbicide fallow great brome fencelines Tall fleabane roadsides sowthistle herbicide fallow red brome herbicide fallow Sweet summer grass herbicide fallow Prickly lettuce herbicide fallow Feathertop Rhodes grass Herbicide fallow; roadsides Tridax daisy (Ord Irrig) Herbicide fallow; channels Winter grass * golf courses Wild / willow-leaved lettuce vegetables Northern barley grass Fences, buildings # stopped counting; * Multiple Resistance BCDMZ

4 Glyphosate resistance mechanisms Reduced translocation (metabolic) Altered EPSPS gene (target site) EPSPS gene amplification Fleabanes (Conyza spp.) Narrow leaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata) Johnsons grass (Sorghum halepense) Sour grass (Digitaria insularis) Crowfoot grass (Eleusine indica) Awnless BYG (Echinochloa colona) Sour grass (Digitaria insularis) Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Common water hemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Annual ryegrass Annual ryegrass Brome grass (Bromus diandrus) Italian ryegrass (Oregon, USA) Italian ryegrass (Chile) Italian ryegrass (Arkansas, USA) Wild radish multiple resistance to B, I, F, M

5 Paraquat resistance Species Common name Year confirmed State Crop Resistance to other MOAs / herbicides Arctotheca Capeweed 1984 Victoria lucerne diquat (L) calendula Hordeum Northern 1983 Victoria lucerne diquat (L) glaucum barley grass Hordeum Barley grass 1988 Victoria lucerne diquat (L) leporinum Vulpia Silver grass 1990 Victoria lucerne diquat (L) bromoides Mitracarpus Small square 2007 Queensland mangoes diquat (L) hirtus weed Lolium rigidum annual ryegrass 2010 South pasture seed A Australia Lolium rigidum Wimmera ryegrass 2010 South Australia pasture seed M Gamochaeta pensylvanica Solanum nigrum Eleusine indica Conyza bonariensis Cudweed 2015 Queensland Blackberry nightshade Crowsfoot grass flaxleaf fleabane 2015 Queensland 2015 Queensland tomatoes, sugar cane tomatoes, sugar cane tomatoes, sugar cane 2016 NSW grape vines

6 Glufosinate Group N Weed Where Year first confirmed Eleusine indica crowsfoot grass Lolium perenne Perennial Ryegrass Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum Italian Ryegrass Malaysia - 2 MOAs Malaysia - 4 MOAs New Zealand - 3 MOAs United States (Oregon) 2 MOAs New Zealand 3 MOAs Other modes of action 2009 paraquat (L) Fluazifop, butroxydim (A) + paraquat (L) + glyphosate (M) 2015 amitrole (Q) + glyphosate (M) glyphosate (M) amitrole (Q) + glyphosate (M) United States (California) 2015 Lolium rigidum Wimmera Ryegrass Greece 2017

7 Amitrole - Group Q Species Country Year first confirmed Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bentgrass Lolium perenne Perennial Ryegrass Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum Italian Ryegrass Lolium rigidum Wimmera Ryegrass Belgium 1986 Other MOA New Zealand 2015 M + N New Zealand 2015 M + N W.A Poa annua Winter grass Polygonum aviculare wireweed South Australia Belgium 1983 Belgium M

8 Preventing resistance to knockdown herbicides 1. Use tank mixes of two different modes of action at robust rates that are effective on the target species remember synergy is rare keep both rates high! 2. Prevent any survivors of spraying from setting seed. a) Use a double knock 2 effective herbicide applications or non-herbicide tactics in close succession 1 to 14 days apart b) monitor spray effectiveness 3. Rotate modes of action See WEEDsmart Big 6 for cropping