UG-OMAFRA Production Systems (Plants) Research Expo Field Crops

Transcription

1 UG-OMAFRA Production Systems (Plants) Research Expo Field Crops

2 OMAFRA s Strategic Priorities: Government Priorities Increase the competitiveness and productivity of Ontario s agri-food and agri-product businesses. Increase the consumption of local food. Bring an Open for Business approach to legislative and regulatory reform, while ensuring the public interest in health and the environment. Supporting the Ontario Governments Agenda of: Strong and growing economy that creates well-paid jobs Returning the budget to balance by Protect health care and education

3 What s It Look Like Out There?

4 Ontario Ag Economics 2010 Farm Cash Receipts by Province, Total $44.4 Billion AB 20% BC 6% Atlantic 3% QC 16% ON 23% SK 21% MB 11%

5 Ontario Ag Trade (Canadian $,000's) Sector Exports Imports Direction Live animals 222,888 59,984 Red meats 895,509 1,709,672 Fish and products 87, ,529 Poultry and eggs 186, ,260 Dairy products 136, ,763 Other animal products 660, ,578 Grains 158, ,012 Grain products 2,147,174 1,643,473 Oilseeds 561, ,672 Oilseed products 425, ,094 Animal feeds 270, ,383 Fruit and nuts 162,504 2,822,043 Vegetables 904,282 1,883,845 Seeds for sowing 74, ,298 Vegetable fibres ,783 Floriculture and nursery products 172, ,018 Tropical products (excl. fruit) 509,719 1,701,601 Beverages 556,649 1,740,965 Tobacco and products 130,500 74,851 Other agri food products 101, ,088 Total 9,909,109 18,269,260 Direction

6 Ag Census Data Item Number of census farms 67,520 59,728 57,211 51,950 Total area of farms (acres) 13,879,565 13,507,357 13,310,216 12,668,236 Total area owned (acres) 9,764,607 9,373,178 8,889,694 8,952,054 Total area rented (acres) 4,114,958 4,134,179 4,420,522 3,716,182 Average farm size (acres) Cropland (acres) 8,759,707 9,035,915 9,046,383 8,929,948

7 Ag Census Data Field Crops Pasture (acres) 2,502,478 2,087,985 1,862,387 1,633,566 Winter wheat (acres) 719, ,380 1,028,476 1,100,003 Spring wheat (acres) 59, , , ,643 Oats (acres) 98, , ,952 71,040 Barley (acres) 332, , , ,881 Mixed grain (acres) 279, , , ,162 Soybeans (acres) 1,918,055 2,248,466 2,155,884 2,464,870 Canola (acres) 53,304 36,439 18,575 88,279 Grain corn (acres) 1,895,650 2,003,025 1,577,862 2,032,356 Silage corn (acres) 296, , , ,701 Dry field beans (acres) 108, , ,901 92,608 Hay and fodder crops (acres) 2,515,846 2,504,026 2,562,637 2,077,911 Total Field Crops (major) 10,779,494 10,620,646 10,419,818 10,180,020

8 Ag Census Data Hort Crops Fruit (acres) 70,664 65,076 63,704 52,740 Vegetables (acres) 158, , , ,595 Potatoes (acres) 39,905 43,396 38,155 37,384 Nursery products (acres) 26,217 25,488 27,079 25,270 Sod (acres) 23,538 28,674 32,196 28,414 Ginseng (acres) ,156 7,232 Sugar Beets (acres) ,353 10,816 Total Hort Crops (acres) 319, , , ,451 Greenhouse area ('000 sqft) 63,303 98, , ,076

9 Ag Census Data Economics ('000 Dollars) Market value of land and buildings 33,167,842 40,898,278 55,912,249 75,817,764 Value of machinery and equipment 5,410,519 6,564,008 7,075,892 7,616,206 Value of livestock and poultry 2,282,575 3,067,498 2,348,655 2,269,368 Total capital value 40,860,936 50,529,784 65,336,796 85,703,337

10 What Are We Doing About It?

11 Aiding Ontario s Biggest Crop - 2+ million acre crop Soybeans Food grade variety need identified and addressed Capture and defend high value export markets

12 (27020)- Crops. Soybeans. Development of disease and insect resistant soybean varieties for food grade, functional food and specialty oil markets in Ontario Photo courtesy of Top Crop Manager Rajcan, I., University of Guelph UG Soybean Variety Releases Variety Maturity Class OAC Madoc 0.1 F OAC Champion 0.4 F OAC Lakeview 0.5 F OAC Wellington 0.5 OAC Sunny 0.8 OAC Blythe 0.9 F OAC Wallace 0.9 F OAC Ginty 1.2 F OAC Purdy 1.2 F OAC Prodigy 1.3 OAC Perth 1.4 F OAC Calypso 1.5 F OAC Merion 1.8 F OAC Huron 1.9 F OAC Kent 2.1 F OAC Heritage 2.2 OAC Marvel 2.2 F SCN OAC Thamesville 2.3 F

13 Province Shows Interest in Biomass What crops? What production systems? Impacts of choice?

14 Estimates of residue volumes that can be practically removed Estimates of Accessible Residue Volumes How much can be sustainably removed from the landscape? Based on 2008 Harvest Numbers Corn Soybean Wheat Forages Residue Yield (0% H2O mt/ac) Total Residue (million mt) Stewart & McDonald, 2008 Practically Available (%) Sustainably Available (mt)????

15 Plants Assessment of Availability of Agricultural Biomass for Electricity and Heat Generation in Ontario Deen, Bill University of Guelph Sustainably removable crop residues based on land area distribution under rotation types. Best-Case Literature Average Scenario Elora Long Term Trial Worst- case Mineralization Rates of Existing SOM (%) Rate of SOM Formation from Residue Input (%) Region Southern Ontario Western Ontario Central Ontario Eastern Ontario Total Mg yr ,052, , ,606 2,107 2,240, , ,011 4, ,546 46,017 17, , ,183 78, ,190,113 1,919,802 1,112,996 7,061

16 Plants Evaluation of Perennial Grass Biomass Systems in Ontario (This project is also listed in the Bioeconomy theme). ( ) Crops. Energy Crops. Evaluation of Miscanthus and Switchgrass, for bioenergy potential, adaptation and yield Deen, Bill University of Guelph

17 Sustainable Production Systems Long term research needed Recognition of funding need Platform for numerous researchers to conduct studies Support recommendation and regulation

18 Long-term rotation trial, 2011 CT NT Corn Soybean Alfalfa Barley Wheat Initiated in 1980 Rotations CCCC, AAAA, CCAA, CCSS, CCSW, CCSW(rc), CCOB, CCO(rc)B(rc) Conventional tillage and notill Plants Long term field trials to examine yield, soil productivity and environmental impacts of Ontario corn, soybean and wheat production systems. (This project is also listed in the ES theme) ( ). Deen, Bill University of Guelph

19 Addressing Emerging Pests 2001 soybean aphid a new pest High yield losses No control strategies

20 Plants Risk Assessment and Management of Invasive Pests of Field Crops in Current and Future Climates ( ). Hallett, Rebecca University of Guelph

21 What do stakeholders need? Policy needs sound defendable advice Farmers and agronomists need decision support tools and systems approaches to problems/issues Need to address research questions in the context of the marketplace

22 Where Do We Go From Here? Focus on stakeholder needs Address govt priorities Capacity to address issues Take a systems approach Collaboration between and within researchers and extension

23 Questions? Ian McDonald OMAFRA Rm 407 Crop Science University of Guelph x56707