Source: OSU Last time... Issues: Energy use

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1 Last time... Green Revolution - slowing down? Food security strategies in urban areas: Food banks, food coops, urban gardens Consequences of retail concentration Community Food Projects Federal, state, city policies ! 2.6% / yr ! 0.7 % / yr Last time... Issues: Genetic uniformity India 75% of rice from 10 varieties originally 30,000 US 50% of wheat from 9 varieties 71% of corn from 6 varieties 83% milk from Holsteins 99% turkeys - broad-breasted white 90% of varieties grown 100 yrs ago no longer commercially produced Last time... Issues: Dust Bowls US Great Plains, 1930 s Soviet Virgin Lands, 1960 s N. China, today Source: OSU Last time... Issues: Groundwater overpumping ~70% of water use goes to irrigation (US) ~1000 tons of water to produce 1 ton of grain Last time... Issues: Energy use United States TX, OK, KS "30 m N. China plain "3 m / yr Mexico Guanajuanto "2 m / yr Yemen "2 m / yr Pakistan Islamabad "1-2 m / yr Quetta "3.5 m / yr Iran India Chenaran Plain N. Gujarat "2.8 m / "6 m / yr yr Food travels an average 2400 miles from farm to plate Source: Brown 1

2 Last time... Conventional Agriculture Food security: a condition in which... Interplanting in space and time (corn, soybeans) -Insurance against pest outbreaks or severe weather -Rotations suppress insects, weeds, diseases Large, specialized farms with little diversity in crops or livestock Closed loop system -Recycling of organic matter fertilizer -Built-in biological control pesticides -Rainfall irrigation from ground/surface water -Most labor done by family, seasonally hired help -Little specialized equipment purchased off-farm increased mechanization all community residents obtain a safe, culturally acceptable, nutritionally adequate diet through a sustainable food system that maximizes community self-reliance and social justice. --Mike Hamm and Anne Bellows Food security The single fastest growing groups of people having to rely on food banks and emergency feeding programs is the working poor: households where both parents may be working or where one is holding down one or more low-wage jobs. --Hunger Relief Now, United Way Food insecurity in King County 15% of people using food banks are homeless 38% of food bank users are children 51% choose between food and paying for heat 40% choose between food and medical care 40% choose between food and rent Food insecurity US: 11% WA: 10% KC: 6.8% 2

3 Food security strategies Food production support Community ed Agriculture Farmers Markets Community Gardens Food donations Farm-Cafeteria Initiatives Food Policy Councils Youth s Mind Map - Interrelatedness for food production for food production Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) separate development rights from property landowner can retain development rights OR create conservation easement to reduce taxes Farmland Preservation, 1979 Landowners sell development rights to county County owns development rights on 13,200 acres s over 200 farms Covenant: restrict use to ag or other open space uses require 95% of property to be available for cultivation require 35 acre lot size if property is subdivided FPP example: for food production for food production Manure management & Livestock programs minimize impact of livestock on environment Drainage assistance Fish & Ditch program to maintain watercourses technical & permitting assistance cost sharing of projects Seattle Tilth gardening education summer camps/garden tours for kids Seattle Youth Garden Works Legislative support for urban agriculture Per city lot: 8 domestic fowl 3 small animals: dogs, cats... mini goats (castrated, dehorned) 10 from property line 1 pot bellied pig (< 150 lbs) 4 beehives (Ord , Section 23, 2006) 3

4 for food production Farm City: Community ed Agriculture Consumers purchase a share in growers harvest s Puget Sound Fresh publication put together by Cascade Harvest Coalition, supported by King County Agriculture Commission Farm Girl: $450/share for 18 weeks ($25 per week) (Ord , Section 23, 2006) Community ed Agriculture Farmer s Markets Consumers purchase a share in growers harvest s 2 Seattle Market Gardens (High Pt, New Holly) city farmer CSA, 79 households over 22 weeks weekly farm stand at the gardens P-Patch Trust - marketing, financial support Seattle Dept. Neighborhoods - staff $24/week (4-6 adults) Neighborhood Farmers Market Alliance Locations: Broadway Columbia City Lake City Magnolia Phinney U-District West Seattle Community Gardens Community Gardens Any piece of land gardened by a group of people P-Patch Trust (1979) creation and support by Seattle Department of Neighborhoods acquire, build, protect community gardens 23 acres, 68 gardens, 2,000 families Green Parks Levy (2008) 12 new gardens, 10 garden expansions $2 million SITE Vacant, or with run-down buildings or under-used parking lots Institutions, such as churches or hospitals Size 2,000 square feet minimum size Garden a smaller area: 1000 square feet of alley space Explore shade loving edibles in your community garden Terrain Reasonably flat Not be so steep that level beds could not be created Access for delivery of materials Sun No immediate buildings or trees on the south, east or west Adjacent property should not be zoned for high rise Location Relatively quiet street Should be ways of shielding or screening Observable by nearby residents Key Existing Garden Future Garden Site + Public Housing Sites-Priority is given to residents 4

5 Community Gardens Food donations Solid Ground, Lettuce Link Coordinates P-Patch Giving Gardens provides seeds, starts, scales 7-10 tons to food banks each year Community Fruit Tree Harvest 19,600 lbs (2009) to shelters, food banks, etc. Food banks: Emergency Food System NW Harvest focus groups - rely on food banks for 25-80% of their food s (2008, 28% increase in new clients) Northwest Harvest - state hunger relief agency Network of 300 food banks (Cherry St) no ID, address or proof of need 65% of foods are fruits and vegetables Food banks: Emergency Food System s (2008, 28% increase in new clients) Food Lifeline - Western WA Produce for the People collects fresh produce from wholesalers and retailers Seattle s Table recovers foods from restaurants, caterers, grocery stores Marra Farm Growing Power Community Dept of Neighborhoods P-Patch 20 garden plots Mien Community Garden South Park Neighborhood Association Asian Counseling & Referral Services Ballard Food Bank Beacon Avenue Blessed Sacrament Central Area Motivation Community House Downtown Food Bank El Centro de la Raza Family Works The Food Bank at St. Mary's Immanuel Community Services Jewish Family Service Lifelong AIDS Alliance Pacific Asian Empowerment Phinney Ridge Providence Regina House Puget Sound Labor Agency Salvation Army /Capitol Hill Spiritual Miracles Food Bank YWCA Food Bank Seattle Indian Center St. Vincent de Paul-Sacred Heart University District Volunteers of America - Greenwood Seattle Youth Garden Works closed as of 1/25/10 garden based education for at-risk youth produce sold at farmer s markets 5

6 Food banks: Emergency Food System Strategies for making up 1/3 of the missing meals: Meals needed for low income people to be food secure (2008): 137,000 meals per day Food banks Food assistance Grocery Delivery Project, Solid Ground weekly delivery to 7 Seattle Housing Authority buildings for seniors/disabled Baby Cupboard Project, Solid Ground provide infant and toddler foods at food banks US Supplemental Assistance Washington Basic Food Dept. Social and Health Services Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) 130,000 receive food benefits (2009) thought to be serving 60% of those who are eligible average monthly WA benefit $245 Food stamp users, 2007: 39.7% were children 17.5% were elderly 25.5% were disabled 23.6% were single parents Farm-Cafeteria Initiatives Local Farms, Healthy Kids (2008), $1.5 million State level, staffed position Eliminates low-cost bidding requirements for school purchases of WA grown food Requires all state food contracts to include a plan to maximize the availability of WA grown food Washington Grown Fresh Fruit & Vegetable program provides $600,000/year in grant funds to elementary schools with high numbers of lowincome students Authorizes schools to grow food for consumption in their regular snack and meal programs Youth s Puget Sound School Garden Collective Seattle Tilth Youth Garden s Garden sensory tours, summer camps 6

7 Food Policy Council Food safety & labeling Seattle-King County Acting Food Policy Council partners with community, business, agriculture and government to develop integrated policy and action for a food system that supports healthy people, communities, economies and the environment. Salmon Safe farm certification from Pacific Rivers Council, 2001 USDA & WA Organic certification feed does not contain animal by-products no antibiotics or growth hormones access to pasture and freedom of movement USDA Grass Fed/Pasture Finished -Fed solely grasses, summer pasture access USDA No Hormones/No Antibiotics ** Undocumented labels: natural, antibiotic free, hormone free Nutrition Nutrition Operation Frontline, Solid Ground trains chefs and nutritionists on how to teach healthy cooking and food budgeting for food insecure Classes: Eating Right (adults on a budget) Kids Up Front (for children 8-12) Eating Well (individuals with HIV) Side by Side (parents and children cooking) The Power of Eating Right (teens) Start by Eating Right (parents of young children) Saving Smart, Spending Smart (budgeting) Apple Corps, Solid Ground and Americorps Eat Better, Feel Better Cooking demonstrations and taste tests School garden initiatives Structured recess activities After school program lessons nutrition education and fitness cooking demonstrations 7