International Journal of Life Sciences

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1 Research Article Effect of Nitrogen Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Different Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars 1 2 Amin Farnia *, Vahid Kazemi Ashjardi International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (5) : 2015; An Independent, Open Access, Peer Reviewed, Non-Profit Journal International Journal of Life Sciences ISSN website: Founded 2007 International Journal of LifeSciences Copyright International Journal of Life Sciences 1 Assistant Professor of Department of Agriculture, Boroujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran 2 M.Sc. Student of Department of Agriculture, Boroujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran Article Information Key words: Bio-fertilizer; biomass yield; maize cultivars ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen bio-fertilizers on yield and yield and yield components of different maize (zea mays L.) cultivars a field experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University of Boroujerd, Iran (at Isfahan region), during the growing seasons The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design based on randomized block design with three replications. Treatments were different cultivars (Siloking, NS4015, Maxima and SC704) in main plots and nitrogen bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter, Nitroxin and Supernitroplus) with control in sub plots. The results reviled that the effect of cultivar treatmenton all traits was significant. Effect of N bio-fertilizer treatment was significant on stem weight, leaf weight, ear weight and biomass yield only. Interaction effect of them was significant on all traits excepting number of leaf per plant and ear weight. Application of nitrogen biofertilizers increased yield components of different cultivars of maize specially, for Siloking cultivar and Supernitroplus bio-fertilizer. Siloking cultivar with application of Supernitroplus biofertilizer had the highest plant height and leaf weight and Maxima cultivar with application of Nitroxin biofertilizer had the lowest plant height and leaf weight. However, NS4015 cultivars with non-application of any of N biofertilizer had the highest stem weight. Siloking cultivar had the highest number of leaf per plant and NS4015 cultivar had the lowest number of leaf per plant. Siloking cultivar had the highest all of the traits excepting stem weight. So, this cultivar was more useful than other cultivars for achieve to maximum production of foliage in Isfahan province. However Siloking cultivar with application of Supernitroplus nitrogen biofertilizer treatment had the highest biomass yield as foliage yield and we propose this treatment for maximum production of maize in Isfahan environmental condition. INTRODUCTION Corn or maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the three most important cereal crops in the world. It is a versatile crop and ranks third following wheat and rice in world production as reported (FAO, 2002). Corn is one of the major cereal crops and is a very versatile grain that benefits mankind in many ways. It is a versatile crop and ranks third following wheat and rice in world production as reported by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2002). In the present century positive safe effect of biofertializers on growth, yield and yield component of many crops was reviled. Bio-fertilizers are microorganisms that help plants to grow by increasing the quantity of nutrients. Since these fertilizers contain living microorganisms, it increases or promotes the supply of important nutrients crucial for the overall productivity of the soil (Karthick et al, 2014). Symbiotic life forms are cultured ensuring weed and pest control and optimum soil biological activity, which maintain fertility (Muhammad et al, 2006). Conventional farming methods succeed in today's world is not acceptable to use the resource management and relying too much on synthetic inputs such as fertilizers and chemical pesticides can cause auxiliary power injector and the ecosystem of unstable farming (Malakouti et al, 2005 and Roberts, 2008). The synthetic fertilizers are harmful for soil, because the inorganic fertilizers mainly contain major nutrients NPK in large quantities and are neglecting the use of organic manures and hence have paved the way for deterioration of soil health (Choudhry, 2005). *Corresponding author address: aminfarnia@yahoo.com Copyright reserved International Journal of Life Sciences DOI:dx.doi.org/ /ijls.v9i

2 Application of nitrogen and phosphate biofertilizers increased yield and yield components of barley under Boroujerd environmental condition (Azimi et al, 2013b). They suggested that grain yield and biomass yield increasing was reported with the biofertilizer application which account important benefit, causing decreasing in the inputs of production because of economizing much money to chemical fertilizers and increasing in yield and biological yield. Application of Supernitroplass biofertilizer with Phosphate barvar2 treatment has the highest seed yield (7.6 ton/ha) and non-application of biofertilizers treatment has the Pishtaz cultivar has the lowest seed yield (6.3 ton/ha) (Azimi et al, 2013a). They told that for gave the highest seed yield we should apply both nitrogen and phosphate biofertilizers. In maize application nitrogen and phosphate biofertilizers increased yield and yield components of maize under Boroujerd environmental condition (Beyranvand e al, 2013). They suggested that effect of nitrogen and phosphate biofertilizers were evaluated positively, there were an increase in plant height, ear weight, number of grain per cob, grain yield and biomass yield. Therefore this study was planned to examine effect of nitrogen bio-fertilizers on yield and yield components of maize. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen bio-fertilizers on yield and yield and yield components of different maize (zea mays L.) cultivars a field experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University of Boroujerd, Iran (at Isfahan region), during the growing seasons The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design based on randomized block design with three replications. Soil property of experimental field showed in table1. Treatments were different cultivars (Siloking, NS4015, Maxima and SC704) in main plots and nitrogen biofertilizers (Azotobacter, Nitroxin and Supernitroplus) with control in sub plots. In this field experiment there were 5 rows in each plot and rows were 6 m long with 0.7 m row spacing and plant to plant spacing was 20 cm too. At maturity, two outer rows for each plot, 50 cm from each end of the plots, were left as borders and the middle 3m2 of the four central rows were harvested. Then biomass yield and yield components were calculated as standard methods with using 10 plants. Yield was defined in terms of grams per square meter and quintals per hectare. The statistical analyses to determine the individual and interactive effects of treatments were conducted using JMP (SAS Institute Inc., 1997). Statistical significance was declared at P 0.05 and P Treatment effects from the two runs of experiments followed a similar trend, and thus the data from the two independent runs were combined in the analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Plant height: The analysis of variance showed that, the effect of cultivar and interaction between cultivar and N biofertilizer on plant height was significant only (table 2). The comparison of the mean values of the plant height showed that Siloking and SC704 cultivars with application of Supernitroplus and Azot barvar1 biofertilizers had the highest (242cm) plant height and NS4015 cultivar with application of Supernitroplus biofertilizer had the lowest (172cm) plant height (figure 1). Number of leaf per plant: The effect of cultivar on number of leaf per plant was significant only (table 2). The Table 1. Soil property of experiment site Table2. Analysis of variance (mean squares) for yield, yield components of maize cultivars under application of different nitrogen bio-fertilizers ns: Non-significant, * and **: Significant at 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively 118

3 comparison of the mean values of the number of leaf per plant for cultivar treatment showed that Siloking cultivar had the highest number of leaf per plant and NS4015 cultivar had the lowest number of leaf per plant (figure 2). Stem weight: The analysis of variance showed that, the effect of biofertilizer and interaction between cultivar and N biofertilizer on stem weight was significant only (table 2). The comparison of the mean values of the stem weight showed that NS4015 cultivars with nonapplication of any of N biofertilizer had the highest (5700g) stem weight and Maxima cultivar with application of Supernitroplus biofertilizer had the lowest (2800g) stem weight (figure 3). Leaf weight: The analysis of variance showed that, the them on leaf weight was significant (table 2). The comparison of the mean values of the leaf weight showed that Siloking cultivar with application of Supernitroplus biofertilizer had the highest (1500g) leaf weight and Maxima cultivar with application of Nitroxin biofertilizer had the lowest (795g) leaf weight (figure 4). Ear weight: The analysis of variance showed that, the them on ear weight with hulk was significant and the effect of cultivar and biofertilizer on ear weight without hulk was significant too (table 2). The comparison of the mean values for ear weight with hulk showed that Siloking cultivar with application of Nitroxin biofertilizer had the highest (3700g) ear weight with hulk and Maxima cultivar with application of Nitroxin biofertilizer had the lowest (1750 g) ear weight with hulk (figure 5). The results for ear weight without hulk showed that Siloking cultivar had the highest (2700g) ear weight without hulk and Maxima cultivar had the lowest (1700 g) ear weight without hulk (figure 6).However in 119

4 biofertilizers treatments Azot Barvar2 had the highest (2350g) ear weight without hulk and Nitroxin treatment had the lowest (1850 g) ear weight without hulk (figure 7). Biomass yield: The analysis of variance showed that, the them on biomass yield was significant (table 2). The comparison of the mean values for biomass yield showed that Siloking cultivar with application of Supernitroplus -2 biofertilizer had the highest (10000g.m ) biomass yield and Maxima cultivar with application of Nitroxin -2 biofertilizer had the lowest (5900 g.m ) biomass yield (figure 8). The present study reviled that the effect of biofertilizers and cultivars on all traits of maize were significant but the interaction effect of them on number of leaf per plant and ear weight without hulk were not significant only (table 2). Application of nitrogen biofertilizers increased yield components of different cultivars of maize. Specially, for Siloking cultivar and Supernitroplus biofertilizer this increasing of biomass yield was more than other cultivars and biofertilizers respectively. Yield and yield components of many crops such as maize increased with application of biofertilizers (Azimi et al, 2013a,b; Beyranvand et al, 2013). This may resulted from its ability to increase the availability of phosphorus and other nutrients especially under the specialty of the calcareous nature of the soil which cause decreasing on the nutrients availability. In the present study Siloking cultivar with application of Supernitroplus biofertilizer had the highest plant height and leaf weight and Maxima cultivar with application of Nitroxin biofertilizer had the lowest plant height and leaf weight (figure 1 and 4). The increased of plant height and leaf weight in application of Supernitroplus treatment, where bio fertilizers were applied may be attributed due to better plant development through efficient utilization of soil resources by the plant, where primary growth elements were available. However, NS4015 cultivars with nonapplication of any of N biofertilizer had the highest stem weight (figure 3). The comparison of the mean values of the number of leaf per plant for cultivar treatment showed that Siloking cultivar had the highest number of leaf per plant and NS4015 cultivar had the lowest number 120

5 of leaf per plant. While Rosas et al. (2002) reported that combined inoculation of soybean by symbiotic bacteria of soybean and phosphate solubilizing bacteria improved leaf area and dry weight of soybean. Application of Nitroxin and Supernitroplus increased ear weight with and without hulk (figure 5 and 6). The decrease in grain weight may be attributed due to deficiency of essential nutrients at the time of flowering and seed setting stage of plant, because at this stage phosphorous is required by the plant to complete such important growth stages like that of flowering and seed setting optimally, while K is required by the plant to improve seeds quality (Muhammad et al, 2006). Kazemi et al. (2005) reported that soybean seed inoculation with rhizobial bacteria significantly increased seed thousand weight. Nabila et al. (2007) observed that application of Azospirillum as single on wheat had significant effect on number of grain per spikelet. Quah and Jafar (1994) found that the increase in seed weight of mungbean by the application -1 of 50 kg N ha. Asadi Rahmani et al. (2000) reported that during seed filling stage of soybean in treatments inoculated by B. japonicum bacteria, more photoassimilate transport to grain due to higher photosynthesis level and this factor can increase the seed size and seed weight. Biomass yield of maize was influenced significantly by application of bio-fertilizers. Application of any biofertilizers significantly increased biomass and over non application of bio-fertilizers condition and application of Nitroxin bio-fertilizer. The Siloking cultivar with application of Supernitroplus biofertilizer had the highest biomass yield and Maxima cultivar with application of Nitroxin biofertilizer had the lowest biomass yield (figure 8). This might be the result of the microorganisms can enhance plant growth by increasing the efficiency of biological fixation, enhancing the availability of trace elements and by the production of plant growth promoting substances (Gyanershwar et al, 1998). Reduction in biomass yield in control treatment may be due to nutritional imbalance and deficiency of certain important plant growth nutrients at various important growth stages like that of flowering, seed formation and seed maturity. In the present study Siloking cultivar had the highest all of the traits excepting stem weight. So, this cultivar was more useful than other cultivars for achieve to maximum production of foliage in Isfahan province. However Siloking cultivar with application of Supernitroplus nitrogen biofertilizer treatment had the highest biomass yield as foliage yield and we propose this treatment for maximum production of maize. CONCLUSION The present study concluded that maximum production of maize (grain yield, yield components and grain yield) was recorded for application of different biofertilizers. Supernitroplus biofertilizer and Siloking cultivar was most effective rather than other biofertiliers and cultivars for maize production. Like that of flowering, seed formation and seed maturity. However, Siloking cultivar had the highest all of the traits excepting stem weight. So, this cultivar was more useful than other cultivars for achieve to maximum production of foliage in Isfahan province. This cultivar with application of Supernitroplus nitrogen biofertilizer treatment had the highest biomass yield as foliage yield and we propose this treatment for maximum production of maize in Isfahan environmental condition. REFERENCES Asadi Rahmani H, Saleh Rastin N, Sajadi A (2000). 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