Financing mechanisms for agrobiodiversity conservation

Transcription

1 * Seite 1 Financing mechanisms for agrobiodiversity conservation Noah's Ark by Edward Hicks ( ) Financing instruments for nature conservation Vilm 2007 Annette v. Lossau and Susanne Schellhardt, GTZ

2 Overview Examples of financing mechanisms at local national bilateral and international level Conclusions * Seite 2 Page 2

3 Local: Producer association of farmers in Schwäbisch-Hall, Germany Revitalising the Schwäbisch-Hällisches Landschwein pig landrace and tapping the resultant economic potential 1986: Breeder association 1988: Producer association of farmers, now counting more than 300 member holdings Binding producer standards * Seite 3 Page 3

4 Success factors Professional marketing programme Targeted use of the old breed as a cultural asset Niche market generating added value for producers and consumers All involved in the value chain share benefits in a transparent manner No middleman in the marketing Economic incentive for the conservation of diversity * Seite 4 Page 4

5 National: India s Biodiversity Fund 2002 Biological Diversity Act Provides for Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) at regional level which create and maintain biodiversity registers and regulate the use of diversity. The Indian government will assist local authorities in efforts directed towards the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity by providing financial grants from the Local Biodiversity Fund. A charge can be levied for the commercial use of biodiversity though not from Indian citizens which is then channelled into the Fund. * Seite 5 Page 5

6 * Seite 6 Page 6 Bilateral: Coffee agreement between Ethiopia and Starbucks Conclusion of an agreement on the distribution, marketing and licensing of three world-famous coffee brands (Sidamo, Harar, Yirgacheffe) Ethiopian strategy: harnessing market forces, intellectual property rights and trademarks to allow benefits for poor farmers Up to then, the coffee-beans were only marketed as an expensive speciality at the end of the value chain while for the farmers prices were low The agreement makes it possible to shape the value chain in a more equitable manner; farmers can receive a fairer share of the retail price Modern business approach based on rights rather than charity

7 International: The Global Crop Diversity Trust Independent organisation; founded in 2004 as a partnership between FAO and Bioversity International, on behalf of CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) Mission: to preserve and make available the diversity of crop plant varieties in order to ensure global food security Initial situation: - Some 6 million samples of plant genetic resources available worldwide in more than 1000 collections - Many collections are at risk (lack of resources, insufficient equipment, natural disasters, wars, inner-state unrest) * Seite 7 Page 7

8 International: The Global Crop Diversity Trust Objectives and activities of the Trust: To permanently safeguard the plant genetic material presently available in the collections, by means of an efficient system To include further material in the collections To develop cost-effective conservation techniques To establish a global information system (4 million samples of over 2000 varieties of more than 150 crop plants = 85% of diversity) To finance the development of software to manage the genebanks To create the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in the Norwegian Arctic by March 2008 in which up to 3 million samples can be stored. * Seite 8 Page 8

9 International: The Global Crop Diversity Trust Financing: US$ 37.5 million from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation US$ 7.5 million from the Norwegian government 7.5 million from the German government by 2010 Further countries, the private sector, foundations, farmers organisations and private individuals Images: * Seite 9 Page 9

10 * Seite 10 Page 10 Conclusions Incentive mechanisms motivate farmers to contribute to agrobiodiversity conservation; these can include: better prices, opportunities for and assistance in entering and developing new markets and accessing new customer groups, improved communication and marketing of the unique values of regional and traditional products. The private sector should be involved in these efforts, for instance within the context of a CSR strategy. Nation-states should be committed to view the conservation of biological diversity as a national and global task, and to act accordingly.

11 Thank you for your attention! * Seite 11 Page 11

12 Regional: Alimentos Nutri-Naturales (Guatemala) Initiative involving 56 women and an old staple of the Mayas: the Maya nut (Brosimum Alicastrum) Conservation of Maya nut trees on 90,000 ha 150,000 trees newly planted across the country Creation of jobs for 650 people Training for women in the cultivation, processing and marketing of the Maya nut * Seite 12 Page 12

13 * Seite 13 Page 13 Regional: Alimentos Nutri-Naturales (Guatemala) Long-term positive impacts of the project have been observed in terms of: Rainforest conservation Reforestation Health and nutrition Food security Women s incomes, self-esteem and status Maternal health and infant birth weights

14 * Seite 14 Page 14 Local: Producer association in Schwäbisch-Hall, Germany Financing Convincing quality Cost savings through direct marketing Regional speciality with protected designation of origin

15 * Seite 15 Page 15 National: India s Biodiversity Fund Constitution of National Biodiversity Fund 27.(1) There shall be constituted a Fund to be called the National Biodiversity Fund and there shall be credited thereto any grants and loans made to the National Biodiversity Authority under section 26; all charges and royalties received by the National Biodiversity Authority under this Act; and all sums received by the National Biodiversity Authority from such other sources as may be decided upon by the Central Government. (2) The Fund shall be applied for channeling benefits to the benefit claimers; conservation and promotion of biological resources and development of areas from where such biological resources or knowledge associated thereto has been accessed; socioeconomic development of areas referred to in clause (b) in consultation with the local bodies concerned.