Sustainable Development

Transcription

1 Sustainable Development Connecting practice with theory MDB Futures Workshop Jean Chesson, 22 October 2013

2 Acknowledgments Chesson, J Sustainable development: Connecting practice with theory. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, 15(1). Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

3 Outline Identify a problem Propose a solution Describe its advantages Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

4 The problem 4

5 Sustainable Development Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (WCED 1987) Using, conserving and enhancing the community s resources so that ecological processes on which life depends are maintained and the total quality of life, now and in the future, can be increased (National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development 1992) Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

6 Is it sustainable? Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

7 A solution 7

8 Theory Development is sustained along a development path if welfare does not decrease at any point along the path Future welfare is closely linked to current assets Changes in real asset values for a sufficiently broad array of assets are sufficient to guide policy and determine the direction of change of social welfare (Hamilton & Atkinson,2006) Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

9 Assets Human capital Social capital Produced capital Natural capital Natural capital $$$ Human & social capital Adapted from Joint Perspectives Model, BOM 2013 Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

10 Sustainable development is a global concept, but most of us operate at smaller scales Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

11 When acting locally Ask How does a player contribute to sustainable development? Different players have different mixes of assets A player s contributions to sustainable development are made up of: Changes in the value* of their own assets Their impacts on the assets of others *Value to society as a whole Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

12 Example 1: Household Human capital Social capital Own assets Health Education Relationships Networks Produced capital Home, car Other goods Natural capital Land* (house block, garden plot, rural property) Impact on others assets Provision of services Community contributions Infrastructure use Water, energy & materials use Greenhouse gas emissions * Land includes associated soil, vegetation and biota. Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

13 Example 2: Horticulture industry Own assets Impact on others assets Human capital Workforce Potential impacts on Social capital Formal/informal networks Industry institutions Produced capital Plant & machinery Natural capital Land* Genetic material individuals, industries and communities Horticultural products Chemical pollutants Water, energy & materials use Greenhouse gas emissions * Land includes associated soil, vegetation and biota. Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

14 Example 3: Fishery Own assets Impact on others assets Human capital Workforce Potential impacts on Social capital Formal/informal networks Industry institutions Produced capital Boats, infrastructure individuals, industries and communities Fish products Natural capital Fish stocks Impact on aquatic ecosystems Water, energy & materials use Greenhouse gas emissions Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

15 Example 4: Island nation Own assets Human capital Residents, citizens Foreign aid Social capital Domestic institutions & relationships Produced capital Buildings, infrastructure, goods and products Impact on others assets International institutions and relationships Import and export of goods Natural capital Land* Harvesting from international waters Subsoil resources Water resources Greenhouse gas emissions Emissions to oceans * Land includes associated soil, vegetation and biota. Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

16 5-Step Procedure 1. Identify the player Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

17 5-Step Procedure 1. Identify the player 2. Determine assets belonging to player and assets belonging to others that are affected by the player Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

18 5-Step Procedure 1. Identify the player 2. Determine assets belonging to player and assets belonging to others that are affected by the player 3. Specify desired outcomes Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

19 Step 3: Desired outcomes For each asset belonging to the player describe the desired state of that asset For each asset belonging to others, specify whether the player s impact should be reduced, maintained or increased Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

20 5-Step Procedure 1. Identify the player 2. Determine assets belonging to player and assets belonging to others that are affected by the player 3. Specify desired outcomes 4. Develop a measurement process Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

21 Step 4: Development a measurement process For each asset belonging to the player, use the change in the state of the asset as an indicator of the contribution of the player to sustainable development For each asset belonging to others, use the impact of the player on the asset as an indicator of the contribution of the player to sustainable development Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

22 5-Step Procedure 1. Identify the player 2. Determine assets belonging to player and assets belonging to others that are affected by the player 3. Specify desired outcomes 4. Develop a measurement process 5. Link results to decision-making and action Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

23 Hypothetical example: Region A Mainly rural with two towns and several villages Major agriculture and forestry industries Several parks and nature reserves Some industry including a carpet manufacturing plant Parts vulnerable to flash flooding Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

24 Contributions of Region A to sustainable development Change in value of assets belonging to the region Impact of the region on assets belonging to others Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

25 Change in value of assets belonging to the region Human capital Social capital Produced capital Natural capital Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

26 Change in value of assets belonging to the region Human capital Social capital Produced capital Natural capital Education and training Increase participation rate in post high school education or training to 75% within 5 years Other Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

27 Change in value of assets belonging to the region Human capital Social capital Produced capital Natural capital Education and training Participatory processes Increase participation in decision making Other Other Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

28 Change in value of assets belonging to the region Human capital Social capital Produced capital Natural capital Education and training Participatory processes Buildings & infrastructure Other Other Maintain value of buildings and infrastructure Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

29 Change in value of assets belonging to the region Human capital Social capital Produced capital Natural capital Education and training Participatory processes Buildings & infrastructure Land Other Other Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

30 Land Production value Conservation value Regulating value Cultural value Capacity to produce food & fibre Capacity to provide biodiversity conservation services Capacity to provide regulating services Capacity to provide cultural services Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

31 Change in value of assets belonging to the region Human capital Social capital Produced capital Natural capital Education and training Participatory processes Buildings & infrastructure Land Other Other Production value Conservation value Regulating value Cultural value Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

32 Impact of the region on assets belonging to others Human capital Social capital Produced capital Natural capital National identity Agricultural products Water cycle Other Timber Atmosphere Other (e.g., wool carpets) Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

33 Contributions of Region A to sustainable development Change in value of assets belonging to the region Impact of the region on assets belonging to others Human capital Social capital Produced capital Natural capital Human capital Social capital Produced capital Natural capital Education and training Participatory processes Buildings & infrastructure Land National identity Agricultural products Water cycle Other Other Production value Other Timber Atmosphere Conservation value Other (e.g., wool carpets) Regulating value Cultural value Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

34 Interactions with other players Examples Forest managers Montreal process Businesses Global Reporting Index Products Good Environmental Choice label for wood carpets Most existing schemes have elements of an asset-based approach Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

35 Advantages 35

36 Advantages of an asset-based approach Direct connection to theoretical interpretation of sustainable development Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

37 Advantages of an asset-based approach Direct connection to theoretical interpretation of sustainable development Integrates many existing reporting schemes Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

38 Pressure-State-Response PSR framework developed by OECD is widely used Human activities exert pressures on environment that affect its state Society responds through changes in awareness, policies and behaviour Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

39 Extending the PSR framework PSR framework is a global-level framework For a local player state needs to include the condition of assets belonging to the player plus the impacts the player has on assets belonging to others pressure is the impact of other players on the player s assets The actions/responses of each player exert pressures on other players Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

40 Advantages of an asset-based approach Direct connection to theoretical interpretation of sustainable development Integrates many existing reporting schemes Provides a basis for determining when information can be combined to report at different scales Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

41 Combining performance information Can combine condition information Can combine impact information Cannot mix condition and impact information Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

42 Combining performance information Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

43 Advantages of an asset-based approach Direct connection to theoretical interpretation of sustainable development Integrates many existing reporting schemes Provides a basis for determining when information can be combined to report at different scales Aligns with governance issues Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

44 Governance When several players have an impact on an asset that does not belong to them, a governance arrangement is needed Kyoto protocol Water management agency If the same asset belongs to more than one player, relationships need to be clarified Land belonging to a farmer, catchment management agency and to a region Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

45 Conclusion 45

46 Conclusion The asset-based approach to reporting on sustainable development is a simple, easilyimplemented idea with a lot of advantages Department of Agriculture Connecting Practice to Theory, Jean Chesson 22 October

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