IMPACT AND EFFECTIVENESS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT IN KOTHALE VILLAGE MAHARASHTRA

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1 e-issn Volume 2 Issue 5, May 2016 pp Scientific Journal Impact Factor : IMPACT AND EFFECTIVENESS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT IN KOTHALE VILLAGE MAHARASHTRA Kamble Akshay 1, Chopade Prashant 2, Sanap S.T 3 1, 2 UG Scholar, Civil Dept. S.N.D. COE & RC, Yeola, S.P.Pune University, India 3 Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, S.N.D. COE & RC, Yeola,S.P Pune University, India Abstract Water management is play vital role in human life so it is necessary. Since thousands of years the problem of water is arising.watershed can be defined as the drainage basin of a catchment area of a particular stream or river including glaciers. Watershed development is refers to the conservation, regeneration and judicious utilization of the entire resources - land, water and vegetative, animal and human within a particular watershed. The watershed development related with percolate and stores the flowing rain water, increase in economy of village and overall development of village. Village will be on the safe side even if there is drought condition, increase agriculture standard and to bring the barren land under cultivation. Proper use of available water improved agricultural processes crop pattern different steps to save water yield of crops can be increased. This system checks chemical and physical properties of water to determine progress. This includes survey about progress and model preparation of case study place. We oriented that the study of watershed development project increase economy of villagers and natural resources like availability of water, plantation in watershed, availability of fodder, increase in price and productivity of land. Increase in physical and chemical properties of water and soil. Women development as well as education increases, changing crop pattern leads in crop yield. Keywords water, land, soil, catchment, human effort I. INTRODUCTION Water is blood of environment and living organism. Since thousands of years the problem of water is arising and arising, we have to save every drop of water that s why man started thinking on the water problem and its proper use. From the time he started fanning and henceforth this problem is going to arise in so many way and it is the challenge before the people to solve the problem. "Many a Little Manes a Meckler "each and every single drop of water is very necessary but, its management is not proper. At some places drip irrigation and sprinkler are installed but, that water cannot be used for larger areas due to fluctuation of rainfall in different regions. The crops and trees are destroying is imbalance of environment,it is taking a step forward to save each drop and to use it in extreme situation. A. Components of watershed development: 1) Human resource development. 2) Soil and land management. 3) Water management. 4) Crop management. 5) A forestation. 6) Livestock management. B. Necessity of watershed management: Taking into consideration all the irrigation plans of Maharashtra, only 28% of total cultural commanded area can be brought under stored water (Today only 15% of land is benefited by irrigation). Even if we think of supplying water to right month's crops, then only 32% of land can be brought under water. But still today 89% of agriculture is totally depending on All rights Reserved 51

2 II. HISTORY OF KOTHALE Six generation ago the first ancients settled in Kothale at that time the place totaly surrounded by thick forest and many Nalhas so the people started farming and kept lots of sheeps and goats, since they belonged to the Adivasi and dhangar communities milk was always available in the villages slowly people joined in Kothale Even 50 years ago the village was still surrounded by this thick forest but due to some severe drought years and less work in the agricultural fields we had to cut the trees for domestic uses due to lack of environmental knowledge.there was only one source of income i.e. Farming we still could get within the village or we had to opt for migration as advises we were well aware of the importance of trees but there was no other option in the end two things happened (a) the natural resources diminished and (b) the people permanently migrated to Nasik and Mumbai as well as seasonally to sugar cane factories, brick kilns and other places where labor was in demand. III. LETERATURE REVIEW A.X. Wang (2001) studied on Integrating water-quality management and land-use planning in a watershed context. Have analyzed the spatial relationships between land uses and river-water quality measured with biological, water chemistry, and habitat indicators were analyzed in the Little Miami River watershed, OH, USA. The study exhibits the importance of integrating water-quality management and land-use planning. B. Ramakrishna and Nallathiga (2003) presented Production System Planning for Natural Resource Conservation in a Micro-Watershed. Emphasizes the need for a watershed approach, provides a brief description of that approach taken by India, and presents an exercise in planning and aiding in decision-making for a case study watershed. Production Systems Planning (PSP) is an approach presented here that can be taken for achieving natural resource conservation for the case study watershed. The proposed conservation measures are quite useful in the harmonious development of the region for food production. C. L.F. Leon et al. (2003) studied on watershed management modeling in Malawi: application and technology transfer. A case study on Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa. This is located in the southern end of the Great Rift Valley systems which fracture the ancient plateau of eastern Africa. This paper presents the watershed and Lake Box models integration and a caseapplication to find how agricultural practices and deforestation may impact on the water quality of rivers and streams which will then lead to changes in the nutrient loading to the lake. IV. OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT 1. To examine soil properties. 2. To know the diverse effects of watershed development by collecting prior datadeveloped by Indo-Germen NGO in association with NABARD. 3. To study the available sources for the water storage and to find out the area required to store the water in order to have sufficient ground water depth. 4. To study impact of watershed development on ground water level before and afterproject. 5. To study the status of existing check dams in kothale and to find out the required numbers of check dam in kothale to reduce depletion of ground water depth in the vicinity and to design of check All rights Reserved 52

3 A. To examine soil properties. International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER) V. METHODOLOGY Table 1 properties of soil Sr. No. Soil Test Unit Result 1 Field density (Core cutter method) % Water Content Grain size (Sieve analysis) % Sand frictuon % Gravel Friction-12.50% 3 Free swell Index % Standard proctor test Gm/cm^3 % 1) Maximum dry density = )Optimum moisture content = 27% 5 Permeability test Cm/sec 0.105*10^-2 B. Watershed management For the development of the village some pre information is necessary. Then and then only, further step can be taken successfully otherwise, it will not fulfill the needs information such as the source of water. Types of collecting water area to be brought under cultivation. Along with technical information, we require social & economical information is necessary. Table 2 : Educational status in kothale village. Educational Status st 2 nd rd th Not eligible Literate Total All rights Reserved 53

4 C. To study impact of water on ground level. D. Catchment Area The higher elevated area from where the water is collected is called as catchment area from the area & shape of the catchment area, its catchment area is divided into different types. Catchment area starts from the top of the mountain from where it is flow down by shapes in this way the catchment area is divided oppositely. Total catchment area is sq. km. After designing the check dam total estimate is 2,96,330. E. Check Dam It is a structure constructed across natural stream like river to improve water level or storage of water. Table 3 : Existing structure of check dam Existing structure Quantity Cost Rs. Check Dam 01 4,25,750. Table 4 : Suggested structure of check dam. Type of structure Quantity Cost Rs. Check Dam 01 All rights Reserved 54

5 VI. CONCLUSION 1. The watershed represents a physical unit within which water moves and is influenced by natural processes and the impacts of human activities. Watersheds therefore provide a good basis for management. 2. We oriented that the study of watershed development project increase economy of villagers and natural resources like availability of water, plantation in watershed, availability of fodder, increase in price and productivity of land. Women development as well as education increases, changing crop pattern leads in crop yield. Watershed management plays an important role in protecting drinking water supplies and at the same time ensures that a broad range of other environmental, human health and social (i.e., culture, recreation.) concerns are being addressed REFERENCES [1] X Wang presented Integrating water-quality management and land-use planning in a watershed context in Journal of Environmental Management.PP [2] Ramakrishna and Nallathiga (2003), production system planning for natural resources conservation in a microwatershed, Electronic Green Journal, ISSN [3] L.F. Leon, D.C. Lam, C.McCrimmon, D.A. Swayne (2003) Watershed management modelling in Malawi: application and Technology transfer PP: [4] Nancy Johnson (2006); Examining the importance of watershed recourses in Colombian Andes using stages of progress methodology, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya in All rights Reserved 55

6 [5] Dr. M. Husain, F. I. Chavan, S. T. Sanap, Socio-economic And environmental impact of participatory watershed management programme. A case study of Darewadi Maharashtra. International journal of engineering education and technology, volume 3, Issue 2, Apr.2015 [6] Dr. M. Husain, F. I. Chavan, S. T. Sanap, Impact and Effectiveness of watershed development in Darewadi International journal of modern trends in engineering and research, volume 2, Issue 4, Apr [7] Dr. M. Husain, F. I. Chavan, S. T. Sanap, Case study of watershed development in Darewadi International research journal of Engineering and technology, volume 2, Issue2, May 2015 [8] Watershed Organization Trust Ahamadnagar [9] Watershed Organization Trust All rights Reserved 56