AAU Rawapindi Irrigated area of Pakistan Production Constrains Land Utilization Agri. Potential in rain-fed areas Water management in Rain-fed area

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2 AAU Rawapindi Irrigated area of Pakistan Production Constrains Land Utilization Agri. Potential in rain-fed areas Water management in Rain-fed area Rainwater Harvesting Energy Use? on the Farms Hydroponics

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5 Enrollment Faculty Undergrad. = 4028 Postgraduate = 4212 Total = 8240 Full Time = 230 Visiting = 194 Total = 424 Ph.D (Full Time) = 131 QS Ranking 152 nd in World among Agriculture & Forest Universities

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8 Indus Tarbela Jhelum NWFP CRBC Kabul Chashma C-J Mangla Chenab Ravi Sutlej T-P Balochistan Canals Legend Sindh Barrages Punjab Barrages Reservoirs Major Rivers Rim Stations: Tarbela Nowshera Mangla Marala 8 8

9 Traditional Flood Irrigation WHEAT FOUR ROW WHEAT BED PLANTER Bed-Furrow Irrigation Multi-crop Bed Planter

10 FLEXIBLE GATED PIPE IRRIGATION SYSTEM Benefits Low initial cost Little labor requirement Negligible operation and maintenance expense Easy portability Impact Extent (%) Saving in water /energy consumption 25 to 30 Reduction in irrigation labor 40 Increase in crop production 10

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12 PRODUCTION CONSTRAINTS Cropping Intensity in irrigated areas: increasing trend: 200% Low average yield in Rain-fed area as a big constraint

13 Crop Ordinary Farmer Yield (Mds/Acre) Progressive Farmers Difference Wheat % Rice % Cotton % Sugarcane %

14 YIELD GAP ISSUES Delayed Sowing (Requires 2 3 Weeks for seed bed preparation in wheat) Conventional Planting Practice (Broadcasting) Uneven Fields Inefficient use of Water and Energy Resources High Production Costs Lower Yields Uneconomical Farming

15 POPULATION GROWTH PER CAPITA AVAILABILITY (M) POPULATION ( MILLIONS) AFTER MANGLA AFTER TREATY BEFORE TREATY INDEPENDENCE 5650 m3 (1951) AFTER TARBELA m WATER SHORT COUNTRY 1350 m m m CANAL DIVERSIONS (MAF) 550 m POPULATION ( MILLIONS) YEARS

16 PAKISTAN S LAND RESOURCES AND UTILIZATION Land Resources Area (mha) % of total area Total Geographic area Forest area Not available for cultivation Culturable Area Culturable waste (Waste and fallow) Cultivated area

17 Rainfed Areas of Punjab Province Area (Million Hectares) 3,1 Districts: Attock Rawalpindi Jhelum Chakwal 8,7 Total Cultivated Area Rainfed Irrigated 11.8 m ha Parts of: Sialkot Narowal Gujrat Khushab Mianwali Jhang Bhakkar Layyah D.G.Khan Rajanpur 17

18 Rainfall in Rainfed Areas > 1000mm Murree, Kotli Sattian Tehsils 500 to 1000mm Rawalpindi, Jhelum, Gujrat, Sialkot, Narowal mm Attock, Chakwal, Khushab mm Mianwali, Jhang, Bhakkar, Layyah, M Garh, DGKhan 18

19 Rainfall Pattern at Chakwal (11 Years month wise) Rainfall (mm) Moon soon period Dry Period 50 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 19

20 Size of farms in Punjab rain fed tract ,8 FARM NUMBER (%) AREA (%) 40 Percent 30 29,8 24, ,1 17,5 20,6 15,8 10 7,7 7, ,6 0,3 LESS THAN OVER 60 Farm Size (Hectares)

21 Agriculture potential in Rain fed area A. Major crops B. Orchard crops

22 Contribution of Punjab rain fed tract Major Crops Punjab Area (000 Ha) Barani Area (000 Ha) Barani Area Contribution (%) Wheat Chickpea Lentil Rapeseed & mustard Groundnut Mung Mash Sorghum Pearl millets

23 Orchard crop of the Rain-fed areas (Pothwar or pre-mountain)

24 4 5 SEEDED PODS OF BARI Groundnut

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27 Loquat Selection (Kanhati Garden) Selection 1 Selection 2 Selection 3 27

28 Strawberry (Schandler Var.) 28

29 PEACHES 29

30 PEACHES 30

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36 CITRUS IN POTHWAR AREA

37 Million of wild olive trees available on farmlands Grafting of imported species resulted in fruiting

38 Black ball var 38

39 Major Issues of Rain fed Area: Water management Water erosion: Resulting in degradation of natural resources????? Moisture stress: Erratic distribution, high variability of rainfall, wastage through runoff?????? Low water productivity: Inefficient use of water?????? (Yield per unit of water) Unavailability of improved seed: Non existence of public/private seed companies Low nutrient use: Resource poor farmers Small and fragmented land holdings

40 RAINWATER HARVESTING 1. Common Practices: ABAD & Irrigation Dept. 2. Farm rain water harvesting 3. Campus rain water harvesting

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43 Das Bild kann zurzeit nicht angezeigt werden. Water saving technique: micro-catchment rainwater harvesting (olive) Parameters Micro catchment Flood irrigation Area per plant (m 2 ) Land slope (%) 5 0 Annual rainfall (mm) No. of supplement irrigations 3 6 Water applied through supplement irrigation (mm) Water saving over flood irrigation (%) 65 Cost of water /plant (Rs) 15 44

44 Efficient rainwater harvest in orchards CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE

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52 Solar panels used for water pumping Pumping capacity 21 liters water per second Works for 12 to 14 hours free of cost

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55 HYDROPONIC VEGETABLES PRODUCTION FACILITY AT PMAS-AAUR

56 Tons per Acre

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58 STRAWBERRY TOMATOES

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61 Value Addition is the Big Constraint

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