Country profile: Italy plant genetic resources assessment and preservation in Italy

Transcription

1 Country prile: Italy plant genetic resources assessment and preservation in Italy Pignone D., Laghetti G., Perrino P., Monti M. in Heywood V.H. (ed.), Skoula M. (ed.). Wild food and non-food plants: Information networking Chania : CIHEAM Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n pages Article available on line / Article disponible en ligne à l adresse : To cite this article / Pour citer cet article Pignone D., Laghetti G., Perrino P., Monti M. Country prile: Italy plant genetic resources assessment and preservation in Italy. In : Heywood V.H. (ed.), Skoula M. (ed.). Wild food and nonfood plants: Information networking. Chania : CIHEAM, p (Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 38)

2 Pignone, G. & P.Perrin0 del Germoplasma, Bati, University ' Naples "Federico Portici, An the the siru and the indication the single institution involved or to actions aimed to indz~ the next the, islands Sicily. An indication is also given on the to implement the convention the first step, the will be the the EX AREAS wild many wild food 1982). most genetic the consequent the expansion the consumes, the changing socio-economic conditions, the 1990,1997). levels. is As a is 1982) have i & ai. 1992).. that species

3 limit the damages for 1-2 % the Not all has the wild Taruxamm m mle, which is cultivated but at the same time is level domestication allows gene exchange with the wild all domestication was the cases CQ~WZU~~S Arbatas umdo. wild As an example, it is wild so as to &?al 1997). has also been in the the & TO NGOs. Just to give a few examples, the allocated some funds foi- the is still in its initial stage and, to the no until now. Also the for on genetic aspects the necessity the activity was loss on sita the activity, including utilisation sit^ 254

4 Seed genebanks 1970, established in the was & al, 1992), 13 O00 accessions the 56 samples to which have to be added. collection O00 accessions Tn%cum the USA), the Vavilov the Academy Science CS1 (St. Genetics the cf a duplicate the wheat collection. filed in special databases At is a to goal is An by the the main activity the was cultivated species and only wild the last decade was an wild useful species. Collecting campaigns specific wild species as Brmicas ( ), Beta wheat (Aegdo$s, Agt-o$ymz, DarypyrBm etc., ), All 30 institutions that maintain is possible to count species than 60 samples. With the exclusion the wheat collection, the as seed 70 O00 samples with the exclusion used and maintained by Field genebanks the field wood played an 255

5 1981 the was naticinal the on the including 46 species, the O00 (6 3 2 still species. Botanic gardens was model was soon imitated by plant 36 (BGs), 27 by species each B43 ca. 1,000 to 200 O00 all is m2 (ca. 1.3 km2). to by all BGs via initiative is is available is BGs. ' 6,000 species. Alpine botanical gardens in the 1800s. with the aim Today 18 the Alps, the Apennines and Etna mountain. 422 O00 m', may Arboreta One the functions have been used ca. 1.8 km'. in the 1700s was native species is aim is to WWF, the populations which will 256

6 the population is To this end the knowledge Fruit and perennial crops situ for wild A step is is Species' (WC) situ WG 1988; Agabbio 1992). As a this activity the WG, at least 84 ca. 8, an role in 1992). Forest and perennial species by is ca. 87 km', 29% the total the 1985 only 7% the was subject National parks 18 9,430 km'. if the objective is be continued, as in the past. main limits this kind to the high costs, and the limited availability Biosphere reserves This type is aim a is to the ecosystems; 1977 c.0.60 km'), c km') and c with complex zonation. belongs On-farm Conservation local 257

7 some cases the initiative has been so and utilisation As EU 2078/92 (EC n. 2081/92, ) et al 1997). A was done BaZ 1997). was able. A catalogue the the academic spontaneous vegetables the This lists includes c. 250 taxa as economic entities. for (1990) by 1996 genetic was aim was to the genetic a visual inspection, the the some the documentation by means images and the second one devoted to the easily by the species list is based on the activity. Bal 1992). This 1600 wild has than 130 species out 1600 (less than 10%) food (22) (26). 90 food food additive to men and animals; 55 them (ca.

8 consumption nowadays it acquisitions. issue is use. new species in the list the so Called medicinal plants and all Other networks aimed to promoting the conservation genetic resources Underpctilised 1993, potential. Asia Species. by is AJeppo, was that is species which have a local value. was on the evaluation potential value, etc. As a consequence and D@lotaaxis in is a non-scientific selection D$lotaxk and is a good example plant with wide uses: it is used as a condiment and salad constituent, is plant, and, finally, Brmsicmae 1995). A second meeting was was past accomplishments the was made along with a discussion among the meeting was the the List. on available on is scheduled to be established in Network on Neglected Cultural and Artistic Value. was established with the aim is by the at the the value to so attention. is one the non-food species, way A is will to the initiative so A is scheduled in Naples. as 259

9 is subdivided into fifteen thematic Committees. One has in its scope the At is Agreement with the Convention on was by law no Feb One the implementations is to identify elements the national biological for basis, on the EdG 1. the management some 2. planning a campaign initiatives aimed at biological Biodiversi@, the 1talia.tt Global objectives the, and sita on plan, ending with a list has by the all fields etc Attìde/Congresso Germopkzsma Salvapraia e valorkwzione deile rìsorscgenetiche. Carlo V.V spontanee della flora mate come ortarn'. V.V. & F. Pimpini: Orticoltura. Patron Editore, Bologna, pp G., S Confronto agronomico e biochimico tra gli ecotipi di fagiolo di Sarconi e e alcune moderne cultivar commerciali. Zn$ Ag. (in press). E pp Zfmntentisic;lidi. Stazione Sperimentale di Granicoltura per la Sicilia, pubbl. 9, Catania. G. & Seed from the A Catalogw Crop Gmplasln in andskib. Bari. G. & a centre for onfarm conservation plant genetic resources. Crop Country report: &ab Genetic Nemork. thefirst meting. & Ambiente Zfa& Copyright 1992 byvallecchi editore s.p.a. Firenze. 260

10 s.p.a P e ambiente P the Crop Genetic OfAfrica Vol. 1, F., Zedan, a. di Anzbiente Vallecchi 1992b. Ambiente Vallecchi s.p.a F (eds.) S p , pp & : , S., NG, N.Q wayette (USA), July % F : Joint CompeaBiotechnology Worhhop, University,West Wheat Genetic the at the Symposìum and Ullkalon Genetic in Wzeaf in Tuscia, Edited A.B. J.Wiley and Sons. S IT Wild Beta Gmt. Nmslt. 77: 40. Nmslt., 109: T. & Genet Orti botanici, giardinialpini, arboreti italiani. F dtivar frut@éri repetite in Consiglio Nazionale Genetiche delle Specie Legnose. %m, A.C., & cultivated phnts and their cerztra die~io. 261