53 rd Annual. Sweetpotato Meeting. UCCE Classroom, Merced CA February 8, 2018

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1 53 rd Annual Sweetpotato Meeting UCCE Classroom, Merced CA February 8, 2018

2 Special thanks to: Sean Runyan, Merced Co. Assistant Ag Commissioner Sue Sim, UC Davis Foundation Plant Services Hicham Etal, MID Lonnie Slaton, Simplot; Wayne Lukar, Crop Production Service The Sweet Potato Council of California

3 Housekeeping Please sign in (PCA, CCA, Private applicator, general) Continuing edu credit: 1.0 hr L&R, 1.0 hr other ; lunch: Arnold s Catering, thanks to Lonnie Slaton, Simplot, and Jim Alvernaz for the sweetpotatoes Sweet Potato Council of California business meeting after lunch

4 2017 Season Post El Nino brings near record snow and rain. Lake McClure completely fills (1 million A-ft). SGMA supposedly takes effect, min wage increases, labor issues rise. Cool wet spring fb very hot summer.

5 Sclerotium rolfsii - Southern blight

6 2017 yields 5% below average (~ 31 bins/a), but 21,000 acres. 6

7 California Production California Sweetpotatoes ,000, ,000,000 5,000,000 Production Value $/cwt 2017: USDA estimates yield at 310 cwt per acre ,000, Cwt 3,000, $/Cwt 2,000, ,000, Year 7

8 Outlook 2016 CA acres 20,000. Good yields most varieties, slow harvest. Bellevue increasing, Bonita near 100% of sweets. 620 million lbs. NC ~100,000 acres and 1.7 billion lbs, price weak MS: 29,000 acres, LA: 9500, NC: 89,500. Slowing exports, high inventory, low prices. Hurricane missed most of crop. Record U.S. production of 3.56 billion lbs 2018: CA and NC slightly down, all other states plan to stay about the same.

9 2015 Water. We had it in , but after that? In last 10 years, 6 have been dry, 2 average, and 2 wet.

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11 - terminate the cover crop - avoid late season plantings - 30 target water use - reduce costs by 5%

12 Sweetpotato Research Review 2017 Collaborators Trial ALT (Advanced Line Trial) Burgundy hill trial Nematicide trials Herbicide tests Fumigation trial

13 Ceratocystis fimbriata - Black Rot

14 Collaborators Trial Quail-H Farms, Cooperator Bed: Feb 27, 2017 Transplant June 8, 2017 Harvest Oct 26 (140 days) 2 rows, 50 ft plots, 4 reps

15 LSD based on No. 1 yield

16 Variety notes NC (light red) will be released this year, Avery. RKN - S Ones to watch: L (like Bellevue, but RKN - S), L (double-red), NC (purple), NC (red), L (Diane Red) purple/purples L-13-84

17 Collaborators(Trial(2015( NC05D198" Bonita" LD09D149" NCD87D847" Bellevue"(LSU52)" Orleans" Diane" Burgundy"(175"G1)" Bx" Covington" in different field location No."1's" Medium" Jumbos" 0" 200" 400" 600" 800" 1000" 1200" 1400" boxes/a(

18 LSD based on No. 1 yield NC Avery

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20 Burgundy hill trial

21 Why? FPS clone may be bad. early trial data indicated good yield potential continues to perform well in the NSPCG trial in other states Insect, disease, and nematode resistance Good flavor, sugar, and nutrient profile 21

22 Meds& No.(1's( medium&boxes/a& 500" 450" 400" 350" 300" 250" 200" 150" 100" 50" 0" y"="73.924x"+"92.303" R²"=" " boxes/a( 600" 500" 400" 300" 200" 100" y"="79.093x"*"36.586" R²"="0.4488" 0.0" 1.0" 2.0" 3.0" 4.0" 5.0" 6.0" 7.0" 0" avg&root&count/hill& 0.0" 1.0" 2.0" 3.0" 4.0" 5.0" 6.0" 7.0"

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24 #1 yield too low at 36.7%, no significant differences between clones

25 Replicated cultivars in ALT 2017 boxes/a Jumbos Meds No. 1's L-14-15p L L Covington 175 vine cut LSU175 bed 175 bed FPS

26 Evaluation of new nematicides on sweetpotatoes in California C. Scott Stoddard, UCCE Merced County Antoon Ploeg, UCR NSPCG Meeting January Wilmington, NC

27 Situation Nematodes, especially RKN, remain the main pest issue for sweetpotato growers in CA. Telone (1,3-D) is the standard control method, but regulatory caps limit use to ~ 25-50% in impacted townships. Metam (Vapam) products are expensive and have reduced efficacy. All fumigants have a long list of regulatory restrictions, require FMPs, & significant buffer zones.

28 Root knot nematode (RKN) M. incognita at J2 stage

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30 Nematicide development Nimitz. Fluensulfone. ADAMA USA Salibro (Q80). Fluazaindolizine. DuPont Vellum One. Fluopyram. Bayer Crop Science Signal words: CAUTION 30

31 Nimitz Fluensulfone. ADAMA USA First new nematicide in 25+ years. CA registration 2014 on tomatoes, cucurbits, eggplant, & pepper potato, sweetpotatoes, onions, expected 2018(?) Signal word: CAUTION 31

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33 Root knot nematode (RKN) management in sweetpotatoes with Nimitz nematicide Scott Stoddard, UC Cooperative Extension Merced County Antoon Ploeg, UC Riverside Dept. of Nematology

34 2016 Objective: Evaluate shank applications of Nimitz at different rates (fluensulfone; Adama ).

35 Treatments 1. UTC 2. CPS shanked Nimitz 3.5 pints/a in 41 gals water 3. Nimitz shank application 5.0 pints/a 4. Nimitz broadcast PPI 3.5 pints/a 5. Nimitz broadcast PPI 5.0 pints/a 6. Metam K shanked 41 gpa (standard) 35

36 Methods David Betchart with Victor s Produce. Shank applications made April 21, 2016, using CPS metam shank rig. 125 ft x 3 beds. RCBD with 3 reps. Broadcast applications with back pack, 70 gpa equivalent, incorporated to 2. Diane transplanted 10-Jun Harvest Oct 25

37 Metam applied at 3, 6, and 9 on 9 centers.

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40 2017 Merced County Trial Re-evaluate shank application method with Nimitz and Velum One Evaluate Nimitz, Velum One, and Salibro (Q-80) with different rates, timings, and methods of application 40

41 small plot trial 1 UTC 2 Nimitz 3.5 pints/a PPI 3 Nimitz 5.0 pints/a PPI 4 Nimitz 14 pints/a at planting 5 Nimitz 20 pints/a at planting 6 Q-80 8 pints/a in furrow at planting 7 Q pints/a in furrow at planting 8 Q fl oz at plant inc. 9 Q fl oz 3 weeks post plant inc 10 Q-80 8 pints/a at planting + 31 fl oz via drip at 4 weeks 11 Q fl oz via drip at 4 and 6 weeks post plant 12 Velum One 55 fl oz in furrow at planting 13 Velum One 6.84 fl oz via drip at 4 and 6 weeks post plant 14 Movento foliar 5 oz/a at 4 and 6 weeks post plant 15 Metam potassium 42 gpa (standard field treatment), PPI 16 Nimitz 3.5 pints side drizzle at planting 17 Nimitz 5.0 pints/a side drizzle at planting large plot trial 1 UTC 2 Vellum One 14 oz/a 3 Nimitz 3.5 pts/a 4 Nimitz 5.0 pints/a 5 K-pam 42 gals/a 4 reps, RCBD cv Diane or Covington

42 PPI: 2 days at plant: in transplant water side drizzle 4 & 6 weeks POST: drip shank trial: all treatments made 2 weeks PPI

43 14 & 20 pints/a Nimitz at planting caused significant crop injury. 4x rates of Salibro were safe.

44 Results: shank trial no significant increase in TMY between nematicide treatments and UTC 44

45 Results: small plot trial 45

46 Results: nematodes Merced 2017 fall RKN Nimitz 5.0 pints/a side drizzle at planting Nimitz 3.5 pints side drizzle at planting Metam potassium 42 gpa (standard field), PPI Movento foliar 5 oz/a at 4 and 6 weeks post plant Velum One 6.84 fl oz via drip at 4 and 6 weeks post plant Velum One 55 fl oz in furrow at planting Q fl oz via drip at 4 and 6 weeks post plant Q-80 8 pints/a at plant + 31 fl oz via drip at 4 weeks Q fl oz 3 weeks post plant inc Q fl oz at plant inc. Q pints/a in furrow at planting Q-80 8 pints/a in furrow at planting Nimitz 20 pints/a at planting Nimitz 14 pints/a at planting Nimitz 5.0 pints/a PPI Nimitz 3.5 pints/a PPI UTC j2s/100 g

47 Nematicide Trial Antoon Ploeg South Coast REC 2016: drench and incorporated treatments 10 days PRE 2107: drench and incorporated treatments plus drip applied treatments 1 day PRE

48 2015 trial in SoCal

49 Nematicides: significant increase in yield and decrease in RKN damage in %"MARKETABLE"ROOTS" 80" 70" 60" 50" 40" 30" 20" 10" 0" SWEET"POTATO"NEMATODE"DAMAGE" UTC" VPAM" VELUM" NIMITZ"3.5" NIMITZ"5.0" Q8U80"61" Q8U80930" 2X" Q8U80" GRAN"

50 J2"PER"100"G"SOIL" YIELD"(KG"ROOTS)" 45" 40" 35" 30" 25" 20" 15" 10" 5" 0" 1000" 100" 10" SWEET"POTATO"YIELD" UTC" VPAM" VELUM" NIMITZ"3.5" NIMITZ"5.0" Q8U80"61" Q8U80830" 2X" SWEET"POTATO"SOIL"NEMATODE"LEVELS" Q8U80" GRAN" PI# PF# 1" UTC" VPAM" VELUM" NIMITZ"3.5" NIMITZ"5.0" Q8U80"61" Q8U80630" 2X" Q8U80" GRAN"

51 kg/plot Sweetpotato yield, SCREC Nematicide Trial 2017 O'Henry Bonita 0.00 UTC VPAM Salibro 62 oz Salibro 31 oz NMTZ3.5_inc NMTZ5_inc NMTZ7_inc NMTZ3.5_drp NMTZ5_drp NMTZ7_drp Significant decrease in yield & %marketable yield from Vapam and drip treatments as compared to UTC

52 Fall RKN no significant differences (p=0.05, log transformed data) J2s/100 g soil O'Henry Bonita UTC VPAM Salibro 62 oz Salibro 31 oz NMTZ3.5_inc NMTZ5_inc NMTZ7_inc NMTZ3.5_drp NMTZ5_drp NMTZ7_drp

53 O Henry Bonita

54 RKN eggs on roots no significant differences (p=0.05, log transformed data) eggs/g root O'Henry Bonita 0.0 UTC VPAM Salibro 62 oz Salibro 31 oz NMTZ3.5_inc NMTZ5_inc NMTZ7_inc NMTZ3.5_drp NMTZ5_drp NMTZ7_drp

55 Nimitz results SoCal: very effective when applied as a drench. Significantly fewer culls and improved yield ( ). Results not positive in 2017, especially with drip applications. Timing important. No impact on RKN counts Merced: shank applications look promising - increased yield as compared to UTC ( ). Timing important. Q-80 (Salibro) positive effect across rates & times.

56 Fumigation alternatives for sweetpotatoes Tri-Cal and CPS 2017

57 Cooperator: Aaron Silva Application dates: April 12, 2017 variety: Bonita Transplant date: June 7, 2017 Harvest date: Oct 30, 2017 plots 25 ft wide x 150 ft long RCBD with 4 reps TREATMENTS: 1. UTC 2. Telone II at 10 gpa 3. Pic Plus at 10 gpa 4. Pic Plus at 6 gpa 5. Pic-Clor 80 at 10 gpa 6. Pic-Clor 80 at 6 gpa 7. Dominus Telone 50/50 at 10 gpa 8. Dominus Pic 67/33 at 10 gpa 9. Metam K (applied by CPS) 41 gpa 10. Telone 6 gpa fb metam K 11. Telone 12 gpa CPS application

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61 Significantly increased culls in UTC, but not correlated with soil RKN data.

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63 Questions?