Citrus Academy Citrus Secondary Programme

Transcription

1 1 1 Induction 1 - Associated qualification and unit standards (and what that means!) - Programme information and content - Preparation for assessment - Admin 2 Citrus production overview 2 - Citrus production regions Citrus postharvest series - Commercial citrus production - Module 1 Introduction to - The citrus production cycle - The citrus value chain SA Citrus Industry - Module 2 Value Chain - Module 1&14 - Harvesting 1 - Production calendar 2 - Keynotes on harvesting - Flow chart on postharvest process Invite a local citrus grower or production manager (subject-matter expert) to address the class. Select an SME who has more than one citrus type or cultivar under his care. Brief the SME beforehand on the subjects he needs to address, as follows: - Citrus production practices (irrigation, fertilisation, pest and disease control, weed control, pruning, etc.) - The annual production cycle of the citrus under his care, and the variations between different types and cultivars - Citrus picking practices - The citrus postharvest process Point out to the SME that this is an introductory module, and that he need not go into detail. The entire talk should not take longer than 0 minutes. C Identify and recognise factors influencing agricultural enterprise selection Recognise and describe production cycles within relevant 5. Identify and recognise harvest practices within relevant 6. Describe and recognise post harvest practices within relevant Enterprise planning - Natural resources - Infrastructure - Citrus varieties and cultivars 1 - Citrus production stock 2 - Infrastructure development - The environmental impact of farming C Identify and recognise factors influencing agricultural enterprise selection Name and recognise natural resources required for the selection of the relevant 2. Describe and recognise infrastructural requirements for the selection of the relevant. Identify and recognise stock required for the relevant C Apply layout principles for conservation and infrastructure Recognise veld and soil types, animal and human behaviour and demarcate appropriate areas for sustainable resource use in the layout of the farm. 2. Construct the infrastructure and relate the physical and chemical characteristics of soil, landscape and local climate and land capability and demarcate areas for sustainable use.. Understand the design of farm layout according to agricultural, water catchment and environmental conservation areas. 4. Design and construct basic infrastructure using simple tools and equipment at appropriate spacings with supervision. Construct structures at appropriate spacings with supervision. 5. Maintain, report faults, and where appropriate repair them under instruction. 4 Marketing 4 - Citrus market segments and export markets 1 - The marketing mix 2 - Market research and marketing budgets - Distribution channels C Apply marketing principles in agriculture Understand the value of marketing research. 2. Apply the marketing mix (product, promotion, place, price and people) to a selected. Take limited and shared responsibility for the marketing budget. 4. Have an awareness and understanding of the importance of effective distribution channels for a specific agricultural commodity. Programme framework Page 1

2 5 Agri- and ecotourism 5 - Tourism infrastructure, attractions and activities 1 - How the micro environment (farm) fits into the meso environment (area) 2 - The needs of tourists - Agri- and ecotourism practices E Participate in agri/ecotourism practices at both micro and meso s to tourists Put the farm/reserve into a meso- context - that is to be able to integrate the farm within its immediate wider environment. 2. Identify and distinguish between the needs of tourists at micro and meso.. Identify and locate tourism infrastructure, attractions and activities on the agri/eco-site and local (meso) environment and conduct a limited guided experience within these parameters. 4. Describe operational, organizational (social) and tourism practices on the Agri/Eco site and at meso. 2 6 Food safety 6 - Food safety hazards - HACCP 1 - Food safety, health and social issues 2 - Recordkeeping - Non-conformances and deviations 7 Harvesting 7 - Harvesting equipment 1 - Harvesting citrus safely and hygienically 2 - Keeping orchards clean and disposing of waste fruit - Knowing when fruit is ready to be harvested 8 Plant structures and functions 9 Plant manipulation Plant structures and functions 1 - Seed structures and germination, root systems and root growth 2 - Stem and leaf structures, types, and functions - Fruit and flower structures and functions 10 - Plant manipulation tools and equipment 1 - Vegetative plant manipulation (pruning, skirting, girdling, deadwood removal) 2 - Flower and fruit manipulation - Chemical manipulation methods, principles of pruning Citrus postharvest series - Module 10 Orchard Sanitation - Module 12 Maturity Indexing - Module 1 Picking Practices - Module 14 Picking Supervision CRI production guidelines - Volume IV: Harvesting- Packing of Citrus Colour prints for blemish standards 1 - Tools and equipment mind maps 1 - Harvesting practical 2 - Sanitation practical - Sampling practical 1 - Seed and roots posters 2 - Stem and leaves posters - Flower and fruit posters Encourage learners to complete the first activity every year before they do their practical, listing the specific tools and equipment they will use for that particular practical activity. Arrange for practical work well in advance. Remind learners to have their logbooks signed and authenticated. Encourage learners to follow instructions in learner guide. Encourage learners to be creative with their posters and to rather collect physical samples than using pictures or photos. Put the best posters up on the walls of the training room and refer to the plant parts and their functions regularly as you facilitate other modules. We also recommend that you do a quiz or other game exercise repetitively to encourage learners to learn the scientific terms used in this module. C Operate and support a food safety and quality system in the agricultural supply chain C Harvest agricultural crops: Procedures C Understand the structure and functions of a plant C Understand basic soil fertility and plant nutrition Apply basic food safety practices. 2. Illustrate basic knowledge to distinguish and report non-conformances and deviations in food safety, quality and the environment with reference to the agricultural. Understanding basic health and social issues in the agricultural environment. 4. Demonstrate an understanding of risk factors in food safety and quality related to the agricultural supply chain. 5. Demonstrate basic understanding of record keeping activities on the farm Select and use appropriate tools / equipment for pre-determined harvesting method. 2. Carry out sampling for maturity indexing according to established and familiar procedures.. Harvest crops. 4. Harvest crops considering the necessary health, hygiene and safety during the procedure. 5. Ensure the collection and transportation of waste. 6. Care and maintain equipment used in cooperation with, and guiding others Identify the basic parts that make up a seed and its basic function. 2. Demonstrate an understanding of the different root systems and its basic function.. Demonstrate an understanding of different stem types. 4. The different types of leaves and the role leaves play in food production for the plant are identified. 5. Identify the different parts of the flower and their basic functions. 6. Demonstrate an understanding of the different types and parts of a fruit Demonstrate an understanding of the selection and use of appropriate tools and equipment for a pre-determined manipulation method. 2. Illustrate a basic knowledge of framework development principles as part of plant manipulation methods.. Demonstrate an intermediate understanding of flower and fruit manipulation principles. 4. Illustrate a basic knowledge pruning principles as a vegetative plant manipulation method appropriate to the crop. Programme framework Page 2

3 10 Soil fertility and plant nutrition 11 Repairs and maintenance Essential nutrient elements - Physical and chemical soil properties 1 - Application of plant nutrients 2 - Leaf and soil sampling - Diagnosing nutrient deficiencies and other causes of poor plant health 1 - Machinery, Tools and equipment used for citrus production 1 - Maintaining machinery, tools and equipment 2 - Storing machinery, tools and equipment - Using machinery, tools and equipment safely 12 Irrigation 14 - Irrigation system components 1 - Maintain and replace irrigation system components 2 - Start up and shut down the irrigation system - Irrigate citrus and monitor the working of the irrigation system C Understand basic soil fertility and plant nutrition C Utilise and perform minor repair and maintenance tasks on implements, equipment and infrastructure C Operate and maintain specific irrigation systems Accurately prepare and measure the appropriate quantity and quality of required soil nutrient preparations. 2. Take an appropriate sample for nutrient analysis.. Understand the properties of soil and soil composition. 4. Identify and interpret the basic symptoms of nutritional deficiencies in crops Select the appropriate tools, implements and/or equipment, from a limited range, to use in a specified combination of activities within a single agricultural process. 2. Monitor the good working order and perform minor repairs to the use of tools, implements and/or equipment.. Maintain and store tools, implements, equipment and/or machinery according to specifications. 4. Explain and apply the necessary safety measures in the use of agricultural tools, equipment and/or implements Perform pre-start up inspection applicable to the relevant irrigation system. 2. Perform start-up and shut down procedures applicable to specific irrigation system.. Irrigate crop according to given guidelines. 4. Care and maintenance of equipment and tools used during irrigation. 1 Water quality 15 - Water quality factors 1 - The impact of water quality 2 - Improving physical water quality - Taking water samples and performing basic tests C Monitor water quality 2 1. Demonstrate an understanding of water quality. 2. Demonstrate an understanding of the importance of water quality to agriculture.. Demonstrate an ability to monitor and perform basic water quality tests and analyses. 4. Demonstrate an ability to perform and understand maintenance tasks on certain operational technical systems related to water quality. 14 Pest 16 - Citrus pest insects 1&2 - Monitoring citrus pests - Performing a pre-harvest blemish analysis C Control pests, diseases and weeds on all crops effectively and responsibly Recognize and report on common insects associated with the specific agricultural 4. Old and new damage is observed and distinguished between and reported on. 5. Notice and assist with monitoring of pests (scouting) and explaining if pest s have not decreased after spraying or other control measures were applied. 15 Disease and weed 17 - Citrus diseases 1 - Identifying and controlling weeds 2 - Identifying disease symptoms - Diagnosing the presence of diseases C Control pests, diseases and weeds on all crops effectively and responsibly Recognize common symptoms of diseases.. Identify by common name the types of weeds present in the field. 4. Old and new damage is observed and distinguished between and reported on. Programme framework Page

4 16 Applying PPPs Handling PPPs 19 - PPP label information 1 - Application methods and equipment 2 - Preparing for and executing PPPs applications safely - Monitor application procedures, reporting and dealing with unusual occurrences and emergencies - Stock control flow diagram and records 1 - Requirements for a chemical store 2 - Receiving, storing and issuing PPPs, and keeping appropriate records - Legislation and regulations for keeping PPPs C Apply crop protection and animal health products E Store and control agrochemical products E Store and control agrochemical products C Control inputs and stock in agribusiness Implement a pre-application plan. 2. Mix correct pest control products at correct dose rate.. Apply pest control product to crop or farm animals. 4. Take the necessary safety and health precautions whilst applying pest control products. 5. Apply post-application procedures. 6. Monitor and report on the process, problems and unusual occurrences to the supervisor. 7. Deal appropriately and effectively with emergencies Deal appropriately and effectively with emergencies Receive, store and issue agrochemicals as advised. 2. Categorise and segregate agrochemical stock according to a set of requirements.. Implement appropriate safety and security measures. 4. Keep record of all stock. 5. Maintain cleanliness and hygiene of the storage facility and containers Plan to receive inputs into a store at the appropriate time. 2. Keep accurate records and manage stock.. Identify legislation regarding different inputs. 4. Observe safety regulations. 18 Citrus propagation 20 - Citrus propagation flow diagram 1 - Plant propagation methods, with related tools and equipment and environmental conditions 2 - Propagating citrus plants successfully - Nursery production practices C Demonstrate an understanding of plant propagation 2 1. Recognise the environmental requirements for propagation in a specific agricultural production context. 2. Identify appropriate propagation methods, applicable tools and equipment for specific agricultural production systems.. Distinguish between successful and unsuccessful propagation under specific agricultural production context Crop establishment 20 Production Preparing the plant material and planting area 2 - Laying out an orchard and planting trees - Young tree care Production systems 2 - Management tasks - Goal setting C Monitor the establishment of a crop C Define and understand production systems and production Select, use and care for the appropriate tools and equipment used in the planting of a specific crop. 2. Monitor the handling of planting material for successful establishment according to required procedures for a specific crop.. Understand the impact of environmental conditions on the successful establishment of crops. 4. Monitor the planting of plant material at correct spacing between rows, and individual plants, and at the correct depth for specific plant species Understand production system in an agribusiness environment. 2. Understand and define the basic managerial tasks.. Understand and define the additional production tasks. 4. Understand the process of setting goals and objectives related to systems within an agricultural business. Programme framework Page 4

5 21 Human resource 22 Financial Human resource policies and procedures, Health and safety regulations 2 - Labour legislation and regulations - Employment contracts and agreements Types of input costs 2 - Financial statements - Legal and statutory responsibilities C Explain principles of human resources and practices in agriculture C Illustrate and understand the basic layout of financial statements Demonstrate an awareness and basic understanding of the farm's Human Resources policy with specific reference to rules and procedures. 2. Explain and identify labour legislation applicable at the work situation.. Explain and interpret contracts and agreements applicable at the workplace. 4. Explain and adhere to health and safety rules and practices Define and understand the gross margin statement and distinguish between direct and indirect costs, as well as fixed and variable costs. 2. Define and understand the income statement.. Define and understand the balance sheet. 4. Define and understand the structure of a cashflow budget and statement. 5. Demonstrate an understanding of the legal responsibilities of an agri-business owner. 2 Sustainable farming 26 - Natural resources 1 - Sustainable use of water and soil 2 - Naturally-occurring fauna and flora - Waste, pollution and recycling, Energy, Carbon sinkholes C 156 Assess the influence of the environment on sustainable livestock production C Apply sustainable farming practices to conserve the ecological environment Identify and describe environmental factors influencing the veld. 2. Assess and modify the influence of veld composition on livestock feeding preferences and habits.. Analyse and describe environmental factors that influence livestock selection. 4. The of existing environmental factors is discussed. 5. Identify and describe beneficial and harmful organisms that influence livestock production. 6. Conduct an investigation into the effects of agricultural practices on the sustainability Demonstrate an understanding of natural resources and recognise how sound contributes towards sustainable farming systems. 2. Eradicate alien plant species and noxious weeds.. Prevent the spread of veld fires by making firebreaks and/or fireguards on the farm. 4. Recognise harmful and useful fauna and flora and their purpose and/or effect on the farm. 5. Recognise eroded areas and potential soil erosion and carry out minor control measures. Programme framework Page 5