THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE TO THE REALISATION OF THE OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPREHESIVE AFRICA AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

Transcription

1 THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE TO THE REALISATION OF THE OBJECTIVES OF THE COMPREHESIVE AFRICA AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (CAADP)

2 Contents Background to CAADP CAADP objec4ves CAADP structures and interven4ons How OA can contribute to realiza4on of CAADP Objec4ves Propose strategies for mainstreaming OA in CAADP

3 BACKGROUND At the beginning of the 2000s Half of Africa s popula4on (340) was in poverty (< 1 dollar a day) Btn number of hungry Africans had increased by 20% and over 200 million were undernourished Africa s food produc4on was 10% less per person than in 1960 Land degrada4on was on the increase affec4ng more than 485 million people. 7% of Agric GDP was being lost annually to soil and nutrient loss 2/3rds of Africa s crop land was projected to become non- produc4ve by 2025 Mortality rate of children under 5 yrs of age was 140 per 1,000.

4 New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) In 2002: NEPAD was conceived and ra4fied as an African Union strategic framework for pan- African socio- economic development to address Africa s development problems ObjecNve: Eradica4on of poverty, pu^ng Africa on a sustainable path, and hal4ng the marginaliza4on of Africa in the globaliza4on process NEPAD is a new interven4on, spearheaded by African leaders to provide opportuni4es for African countries to take full control of their development and to work more closely at country, regional and

5 The Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) July 2003: African leaders endorse CAADP as a NEPAD Programme Goal of CAADP: Helping African countries reach a higher path of economic growth through agriculture- led development, which eliminates hunger, reduces poverty and food insecurity, and enables expansion of exports Aim: Increasing agriculture growth rates to 65 per year by 2015 and public investment in agric to a minimum of 10% of na4onal budgets in order to create wealth needed in rural communi4es and to eliminate hunger and prosper

6 CAADP Set outcomes i. Dynamic agricultural markets within and between countries and regions in Africa ii. Farmers being ac4ve in the market economy and the con4nent becoming a net exporter of agricultural products iii. A more equitable distribu4on of wealth for rural popula4ons iv. Africa as a strategic player in agricultural science and technology v. Environmentally sound agricultural produc4on and a culture of sustainable management of natural resources in Africa

7 CAADP Pillars (IntervenNon areas) Pillar 1: Extending the area under sustainable land management and reliable water control systems Pillar 2: Improving rural infrastructure and trade- related capaci4es for market access Pillar 3: Increasing food supply, reducing hunger, and improving responses to food emergency crises Pillar 4: Improving agriculture research, technology dissemina4on and adapta4on And two clusters of cri4cal issues that cut across the pillars: The capacity strengthening for agriculture and agribusiness: Academic and professional training Informa4on for agricultural strategy formula4on and implementa4on

8 CAADP InsNtuNonal architecture AU- NEPAD Planning and Coordina4ng Agency (NEPAD Agency) Con4nental mandate to coordinate and oversee implementa4on of CAADP Provide technical backstopping of RECs Provides con4nental- level informa4on Facilitates partnership and resource mobiliza4on at con4nental level Monitors and evaluates con4nental Africa peer review mechanisms Facilitates mutual learning

9 CAADP InsNtuNonal architecture cont African Union Commission(through its department of Rural Economy and Agriculture AUC- DREA Mobilize interna4onal poli4cal support for CAADP Takes lead in coordina4ng strategy to develop agriculture in Africa Unifies AU agriculture programme with CAADP Facilitates technical coopera4on between AU and NEPAD And through its regional technical agencies that address specialized issues namely: The Inter African Bureau for Animal Resources (IBAR) in Nairobi, Kenya; the Inter African Phyto- Sanitary Council (IAPSC) in Yaoundé, Cameroon; the Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre (PANVAC) in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control and Eradica4on Campaign (PATTEC) at the AUC in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; the Semiarid Food Grain Research and Development (SAFGRAD) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; and the Fouta Djallon Highlands Integrated Natural Resources Project (FDH) in Conakry, Guinea, and two specialized projects, the African Monitoring of the Environment for Sustainable Development (AMESD) and the Mul4lateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs).

10 CAADP InsNtuNonal architecture cont. Regional Economic Communi4es (ECOWAS, COMESA, EAC, SADC, IGAD, ECCAS) Promote regional coordina4on and coherence in formula4on of agriculture policies and in design and implementa4on of investments Mobilize resources and coordinate donors at regional level Coordinate external support for country processes Facilitate dissemina4on of informa4on and networking Coordinate and par4cipate in peer reviews Drive the REC- CAADP agenda

11 CAADP InsNtuNonal architecture cont. Country Governments: Drive in- country priority se^ng and implementa4on Convene and ensure par4cipa4on of public and private partners Work with in- country donors to mobilize resources Communicate requirements/gaps to RECs and NEPAD Share/provide best prac4ces, benchmarks, lessons learned Iden4fy, communicate and resolve in- country constraints Catalyze alignment at county level (donor coordina4on, etc)

12 CAADP InsNtuNonal architecture cont. Partner Ins4tu4ons Provide technical exper4se and backstopping for regional and na4onal level CAADP implementa4on Par4cipate in peer reviews Partner with na4onal level ins4tu4ons where requested

13 Main achievements of CAADP to- date Development of structures, systems and tools for the CAADP programme CAADP launched in 40 countries of which 27 countries have completed developing their na4onal CAADP compacts and investment plans 17 countries funded to implement their CAADP plans NEPAD Agency developed programmes to support CAADP (TerrAfrica Programme, Fer4lizer support programme, Partnership for African fisheries, African Bioscience ini4a4ve, NEPAD pan- African Ini4a4ve) ECOWAS has developed and started implemen4ng its CAADP in Thee other five RECs (COMESA, EAC, SADC, IGAD, ECCAS) are developing their regional CAADPs

14 Other CAADP achievements Contributed to a more specific, purposeful and incen4ve- oriented agriculture policies through facilita4ng improvement in donor coordina4on, harmoniza4on and alignment in priority countries A more inclusive agricultural policy development processes by championing the engagement of the private sector in the policy debate Harnessing African exper4se at the individual and ins4tu4onal level to ins4tu4onalize Africa s own technical assistance by providing opportuni4es for professional contacts within Africa and their deployment in support of their peers in other countries Regional co- opera4on through RECs has been increased and mechanisms for monitoring and evalua4on, peer review dialogue and accountability have been established.

15 Other CAADP achievements Influenced the reform of the strategies of the Consulta4ve Group on Interna4onal Agricultural Research (CGIAR) centers to align their research programs in support of African Agriculture process under CAADP. The CAADP regional and na4onal agriculture and food security plans now inform the priori4za4on of research investments in the CGIAR systems. Added impetus to donor support and coordina4on in their assistance to agriculture development at the con4nental and country levels. Secured support from the G8 countries through their New Alliance on Food Security and Nutri?on for Ghana, Ethiopia and Tanzania for the scaling up of investments in specialized value chains within the geographical regions

16 Any concrete impacts??? By 2008, nine countries had exceeded the CAADP growth rate target of 6% per annum and eight countries had exceeded the set target of alloca4ng 10% of their na4onal budgets to agriculture Increased crop yields in Rwanda due use of inorganic fer4lizers promoted under the CAADP linked crop intensifica4on programme and land consolida4on programme of the government of Rwanda

17 Mainstreaming OA in CAADP The Whys and Hows?

18 OA potennal contribunons to CAADP 1. African agriculture problems due to a mul4plicity of intertwined factors and forces Biophysical: Land degrada4on due to soil erosion, fer4lity loss and deteriora4on of soil structure, loss of biodiversity, climate change (drought and flooding) leading to low and/or declining produc4vity Social: Disempowerment of farmers leading to loss of farmers control over produc4ve resources like gene4c resources and other farm inputs and agriculture innova4on and knowledge systems Economic: poor marke4ng infrastructure and Inequitable marke4ng systems for agriculture outputs and inputs that result in uneconomic returns to farmer s investments Poli4cal: Marginaliza4on of farmers in decision making about research priori4es, budget resource alloca4ons, etc.

19 2. OA, offers an alterna4ve to the resolu4on of many of the intertwined factors and forces because of its holis4c nature as exemplified in its four Principles of: Ecology, Health, Fairness and Care i. OA increases yields by % in Sub- Saharan African condi4ons. This has been achieved thru employment of agro- ecological prac4ces like green manures, cover crops, compost manure, botanicals for pest control, soil and water conserva4on, rota4ons, etc. Moreover, it enable the food to be produced where it is required (Preny and Hine (2001), UN Special Rapporteur on right to food). Important Development: Agro- ecological technologies and pracnces have already been recommended for CAADP by TerrAfrica partnership that leads Pillar 1 on sustainable land management and water control systems.

20 ii. OA increases income either through increasing the amount of food produced and/or sales through models for marke4ng of products from sustainable produc4on systems, e.g. the growing organic market that has expanded by 170% since 2002 reaching 63 billion USD. Africa has 540,0000 cer4fied organic farmers and a total of one million hectares (but only 3% of the world s cer4fied land). These farmers are mostly organized in produc4on groups Can therefore contribute to realizing the objecnves of Pillar 2 on market access and Pillar 3 on increasing food supply, reducing hunger,

21 iii. Pillar 4 on research supports the other three pillars through: developing technologies, policies and ins4tu4onal op4ons, tes4ng op4ons in a par4cipatory and intera4ve fashion; developing novel mechanisms for wide- scale dissemina4on and adop4on; and empowering resource- poor farmers in Africa. It is based on principles contained in the African Agricultural Produc4vity (FAAP) namely. Empowerment of end- users to ensure their meaningful par4cipa4on in se^ng priori4es and work programmes for research, extension, and training to ensure their relevance. Planned subsidiarity to give responsibility and control over resources for agricultural research, extension, and training ac4vi4es at the lowest appropriate level of aggrega4on (local, na4onal and regional). Pluralism in the delivery of agricultural research, extension, and training services so that diverse skills and strengths of a broad range of service providers (e.g., universi4es, NGOs, public and the private sectors) can contribute to publicly supported agricultural produc4vity opera4ons

22 Evidence- based approaches with emphasis on data analysis, including economic factors and market orienta4on in policy development, priority se^ng and strategic planning for agricultural research, extension, and training. Integra4on of agricultural research with extension services, the private sector, training, capacity building, and educa4on programmes to respond in a holis4c manner to the needs and opportuni4es for innova4on in the sector. Explicit incorpora4on of sustainability criteria in evalua4on of public investments in agricultural produc4vity and innova4on programme (fiscal, economic, social and environmental) Systema4c u4liza4on of improved management informa4on systems, in par4cular for planning, financial management, repor4ng, and monitoring and evalua4on.

23 Introduc4on of cost sharing with end users, according to their capacity to pay, to increase their stake in the efficiency of service provision and to improve financial sustainability Integra4on of gender considera4ons at all levels, including farmers and farmer organiza4ons, the private sector, public ins4tu4ons, researchers and extension staff. FAAP advocates for pu^ng farmer empowerment upfront through: Enabling them to express their demands and set the research agenda. Enabling them to access informa4on and to par4cipate intellectually. Enabling them to par4cipate in quality control. Enabling them to learn and turning villages and communi4es into knowledge centers. Making the research and advisory systems responsive and responsible

24 But these principles have been stated and restated in different publica4ons and documents since the publica4on of Chamber s Firmer First in the 1980s. The challenge: will these principles be finally followed and have formal research systems got the necessary skills and knowledge and above all the a^tude to follow the nine principles? Organic agriculture experiences in recognizing farmers as innovators and their innova4ons as building blocks for the development of sustainable farming systems would be useful for CAADP pillar 4.

25 Mainstreaming OA in CAADP CAADP is a well inten4oned framework and its design offers opportuni4es for mainstreaming OA thru the structures and procedures that have been put in Place at na4onal, regional and con4nental levels: 1. Na4onal level The process of developing CAADP Compacts and investment business plans are consulta4ve processes that are supposed to involve all stakeholders at na4onal level. Annual stakeholders mee4ngs to review progress made and guide further development and implementa4on One- on- one engagements: CAADP focal person in Ministries of Agriculture and other influen4al Ministry officials including Ministers

26 2. Regional level (RECs) Stakeholder consulta4ons when developing regional CAADPs and investment plans Annual regional stakeholder consulta4ve forums One- on- one engagements: CAADP Regional Desks (CAADP Coordinator and facilitator) and secretary generals of RECs Ministers 3. African Union level Annual Business Partners Mee4ngs organized by AUC- DREA and the Nepad Agency One- on- one engagements: CAADP focal person at Nepad Agency and the staff at AUC DREA

27 CGIAR: The Steering Comminee of the Dublin Process (the Joint Science Ac4on Group under CAADP) and will play role of se^ng priori4es and funding of agriculture research. The Regional produc4vity workshops that are held before the Dublin Process mee4ng bring together stakeholders to iden4fy where the greatest value addi4on could be generated, gaps and opportuni4es to strengthen country Investment Plans and how to confront produc4vity issues from a research and policy point of view Global Forum on Agricultural Research: A mul4- stakeholder forum for dialogue, and build partnerships for ac4on on cri4cal issues related to agricultural research for development. It brings together the United Na4ons inter- governmental agriculture and food- related development organiza4ons,

28 FAO (hosts), IFAD, the CGIAR partnership of 15 Interna4onal Agricultural Research Ins4tutes, the na4onal agricultural research and development systems of countries from South and North, farmers and the private sector It is providing a useful global forum for catalyzing change and enabling expression of demand for research and innova4on from all stakeholders in agricultural and rural development and facilita4ng collabora4on, partnerships and sharing of objec4ves

29 Engaging in the CAADP processes: Will require a high degree of organiza4on, alliance building, technical and opera4onal capacity. Individual African organic agriculture organiza4ons, their na4onal organic agriculture movements and networks, the recently formed con4nent wide AfroNet and the IFOAM Africa Desk will need to be strengthened and well coordinated to be able to undertake this task IFOAM, the Sustainable Organic Agriculture Ac4on Network (SOAAN), ISOFAR, ICROFS, etc would be useful sources of technical support to such an undertaking The Ecological Organic Agriculture (EOA) Programme of AUC- DREA could be revised to focus its efforts on facilita4ng engagements of the organic movements in the CAADP processes at the na4onal, regional and con4nental levels.