The Regulatory Framework for the International Movement of Seed and ISF's Regulated Pest List Initiative

Transcription

1 The Regulatory Framework for the International Movement of Seed and ISF's Regulated Pest List Initiative Radha Ranganathan III Workshop on International Trade of Propagating Material "Promoting improvements in international traffic through the exchange of information"

2 The International Seed Federation 192 Members in 69 countries 2015 Global seed market: USD 45 billion Internationally traded: USD 11 billion ISF Members together account for over 90% of international seed trade 2

3 The Seed Industry and the International Movement of Seed The seed industry is global Frequent re-exports of variable quantities of seed Intended use of seed being moved varies The seed industry is highly professional Industry quality management systems that prevent and reduce pest risks The seed industry does its best to ensure the safe movement of seed in international trade in order to protect agriculture, human health and the environment 3

4 The Regulatory Framework for the International Movement of Seed Scope of the ISPM on the International Movement of Seeds Guidance to assist national plant protection organizations (NPPOs) in identifying, assessing and managing the pest risk associated with the international movement of seeds... Guidance on procedures to establish phytosanitary import requirements to facilitate the international movement of seeds; on inspection, sampling and testing of seeds; and on procedures for the certification of seeds for export and re-export 4

5 The ISPM on the international movement of seed 1. Pest Risk Analysis Seed as pests Seeds as pathway Purpose of import Mixing, blending and bulking of seeds Pest management in seed production 2. Phytosanitary Measures 3. Equivalency of Phytosanitary Measures 4. Specific Requirements 5. Phytosanitary Certification 6. Record Keeping 5

6 Seed as a pathway All seed-transmitted pests are seed-borne Seed-borne pests may be introduced Not all seed-borne pests necessarily lead to establishment Some seed-borne pests that do not transmit a disease may, nevertheless, establish (e.g. contaminating pest) ISPM 5 - Pathway: Any means that allows the entry or spread of a pest 6

7 When is seed a pest risk? 1. Seed can be a pathway (e.g. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis on tomato seed) 2. Pest can be found as a contaminant of the seed of the crop but the crop/species itself is not a host (e.g. Karnal bunt spores on soybean seed) 3. Crop species in question is not a host (e.g. Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, Puccinia allii, Septoria petrosellini on pepper) 4. Seed is not the pathway (e.g. Meloidogyne incognita in Cucumber seed) 5. Inadequate evidence that seed is the pathway (e.g. Curvularia lanata on pepper seed found in one report only) 7

8 The ISF Regulated Pest List Initiative GOAL Develop a database of information on regulated pests for internationally traded seed species based on science and the experience of the seed industry Objectives: Serve as a resource for the industry, regulatory bodies and the research community Facilitate the harmonization of phytosanitary requirements 8

9 The Regulated Pest List Database Lists of regulated pests taken from NPPO databases and company information on Additional Declarations required per crop and country; updated for new pests every 2 years Classification of each pest by whether seed is a pathway backed up scientific review and remarks pertinent to the industry Information reviewed by 3 industry experts and documented with references to support or refute the classification Feedback mechanism open to experts outside the industry Regular revision and updates 9

10 The ISF Regulated Pest List Database: Contents Seed/crop species: Each regulated pest list is for one species The exception so far is Cucurbita spp. (squash and pumpkin) Pest type: bacterium, fungus, virus, etc. most common synonyms other complementary information (e.g. teleomorph / anamorph) As used in Phyto ADs and only the most recent Pest classification: Is seed a pathway? Answer, references, remarks If "seed is a pathway" or "pathway is not proven" Detection: Is there a seed test? Answer, test type, references, remarks Risk Mitigation: Managed by seed treatment? Answer, treatment type, references, remarks 10

11 Pest Classification: Is seed a pathway? Not a host, when the crop in question is not a host No, if seed is not the pathway for entry or spread Yes, if seed is a pathway for entry or spread of the pathogen Pathway not proven, when pathway is not verified, is not proven, if the evidence is doubtful, if there is conflicting evidence Yes, but crop is not a host, if seed is the pathway but the crop in question is not a host 11

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13 Crop Species (9) Regulated pests (no.) TOTAL 666 Is seed a pathway? Yes Is seed a pathway? (in percentages) Pathway not proven No Not a host Carrot Cucumber Lettuce Melon Onion Pepper Spinach Squash & pumpkin Watermelon Average (%)

14 Potential Benefits to the Industry Cost savings directly to companies with less field inspections and lab tests for Phyto ADs Quick reference for companies to see what is available in terms of risk mitigation (seed tests and seed treatments) A tool that allows the industry to respond to new reports regarding seed as a pathway Establishes the credibility of the seed industry as a stakeholder Promote science based national regulations Elimination of irrelevant Phyto ADs that act as non-tariff trade barriers 14

15 Seed is Life Chemin du Reposoir Nyon Switzerland