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1 Cantliffe, ( ) ! "# $% )*&'( * !0 12 $+, -.,!" #$ % &'( (191/4/:2',' 1190/11/10 :*+',') 2 1 :$;< *> B ( C D< E$ 8*;<= 789( :' ) C *;<= F. F IJ$ BK FE<H +FGH PQF ( I O<$ ) B ( *;<= F ( I O<$ P$F +FGH 8 W F + UV$ T" 2IK ( ) R' + JK ] >Q 8 ^( _ 8FZ8H Y $% % % 27 bc _$ *!d () R F F' bc _$ *!d (SLA) ` _9' aj FK F F' bc _$ *!d (LMF) R F ` bc _$ *!d (SMF) R F FK aj *!d () eic f + g (RGR)!d *\ (RSR) dc bc % JK B ( *;<= 7'f+ F h'. '% () `. ( 7'f+ FK _$ JK C 7'f+ FIi *+' 7'f+ FK ` _9' aj 7'f+ 2! I O<$ F B ( 7'f+ FIi B ( *;<= 7'f+ *!d.* ` _9' aj j C 7'f+ *!d :' 7'f+ 2! C $! $ LMF B (.*+' 78 C SMF l$ :' [ + k> : *!d SMF f$ :'. B ( *;<= 7'f+. SMF C >$ F : : 8*!d l$ B ( FIi +' 7'f+ RGR f$ m FIi ( 7'f+ RGR l$ C *;<= 7'f+.! $ P> ) RGR f$ :'.! $ 8 + % on8 P> [ 8*!d *!d :' : F]H. 8$ : *!d ( $= F p$ P>Q % on8 B ( C Rl $.* G $ *!d 7'f+ F h'.! $!d *\ bc _$ ee.$ 8 *>! 2! : K:N!d *\ bc _$ ee B ( C Rl $ :$# :. JK ` _9' aj ) -#< 5$B-.#"-# #I: 789 :G 9?#II#$%& 7$" -52- &! -5!".( #"-- J-#F-!" =" >?.'9- +K$L* M2-5 G5I :=" >? 2-2-7* 25#/ S T-5 &" '$$ 5$$R &" Q# C: &P.&+* : $? # &8N = 5OI* = '9-2- &P = &" 59 5 = + U!" #$%& -5 '! &$> '$()&* +,-.*-&/ '$$!" #$%& ;<9&.$% $: = '9- +2!" :!" =) 2=<9& :&! 5!$ 5E F G F 45 :=" >? :=" >? =) 2 C2-7)- (:="-7B) :="-7B delshad@ut.ac.ir :

2 " 8W X&/ =25!" : $? `&%&27$) +"--5) :C(" '9- C(" T$9 = +2 O"Y 0-.(Marschner, 2011) #I+* ]2 ;%7I*= T$9.(Mengel, 1985) # -5U5 B = =!2 0- G ("- - Q-5$" r&$"y &$ T$9 = +* \I: '9- # 4-7? #I+* +:-5: G ("- ^5L &+* 9- `5$" -5: Ruiz & Romero) &+* 5!$ +&s #"Y Q-5$" C2-7)- [89 T$9 5 = #"5 4-7? (2002 +\"5)=P&? p 8-.(Marschner, 199) &+* -=" >? 5E F G F - $? # $iH 5hI/.F-5* `5$" = T$9 '8" O d $(* &+* - 5$$R +!2-0 +!2 a>* Papdopoulos & Kholsa).(Heuvelink, 2005) '2-#: a>* :'8" 5i $?=O$" +\"5)=P&? :!"# 5 (EC) (2001 +I<2 :$n5 #$ -7P- G ("- 5E #I+* 2- '9:$n5 7I9 +,- o7p = `5$" #"-&+* T$9 G ("- qcp $ +\I \I p 8- = :#$9-&I$*Y G ("- _5.B- `5$" 'gw.&+* &8 = +" : $? '9- # m>!* $If: 0 B = Q-5$" G ("- 0- #"-=P-&* T$9 =!2 Q-5$" 5!$ $F- = 5OI* = #I"*+* ;%7I*= 2- &+* :=!2 :#$9-&I$*Y eo +( =!2 M9& Q-5$" qcp C: -5 +* $ $ '8" = '9- # m>!* T: +1251%- C2-7)- l25z 0-!" +!2 # C: = #"5 5*+" 9 5 ki2051$* %- '2-#: [$5 2 (4:1) '8" '8" C2-7)- e5*.'9-52c 1*- 5$% 5 X5?+$* [F5 400:100 &8 &!!" #$%& :#F- 45? = =P& 5hI/ 2-5i $" &* +/ Q /tz- #$9+* 5g" = 5E :!" # 5 N"Y.(* ;K- +,- u-#:-.')5? -5U =P& &* C:A 2- = :!".1 :& G-w9 =9 = v9 C2*0Y 2- `5$" T$9 0- +gw =s +\"5)=P&? x'- #I:-&B - '$$ # 25N +2-cW G&L* # 5 `5$" T$9 $.(* p 8-5$iH.2 ]!B 0 C: :5\" $* G&Z C2-7)- [89 #2Y+* 5KU C: _5 #^0 " B 5-5 =!2 +12`&%&)&* Q-5$$R 2- ;O$".&+* :!" ;U 9 M2-5 = --5) '$9 F a$<e +2 :!" #$%& 5\2 +)5Z 0-.'9- Q )Y : $ +K$L* #/ * " 0- +, B :0-#"- -5 #2#P!" :\9 2- #"-.2&Z = +2:!" #"-# +F-5Z!" : $ 0-.#II$+* [$9Y :\ " '$$ C: -58P!" '$$ C2-7)- = -&+* = &+* 9- &" &8 S T-5.b* -&* +1$" 1* : $ 0-9- &" 0-9- (Ayastuy et al., 2009) G0-5&& +2 C2-7)- &" '$$ 5$$R +$1 0 [ * 5$$R Liptay et ) (+1!B) +Y CI (Rajapakse & Shahak, 2007) #I*0 $" +1$" 1* $.5 - -=2cR (Xiong et al., 2002) (al., 1998 e$9 d $(* '9-1* '9- --5) '252#* - : $ 45? G F- $If: # 8" +/ #I"* -&* 0-9-.#:+* C2-7)- Q-5i-.$%= +/&Ih* Q 8$5 529 G0-5&& Bennett et ) '9=.1!* --5) +K$L*'20.(al., P hu- j L% 0-0 G&Z &" Q# C2-7)- 5 =)5,= +I20 : $? 0- -#/ &* $* 2-.(Rajapakse & Shahak, 2007) '$" '9-5 hu- -&* =I27: 5g" 0- +Y CI *0 &d F.$%= ]$I *- 20 =5O 'U = (+1!B) +Y CI G /- Q#* = '9- # ' i.(liptay et al., 1998) - 0 $" - N"Y # '$$!" : $? ;2cR #:+* -5U 5$iH'L +,-.L* = G ("- 0- k $If:.(Dufault, 1998; Maynard et al., 200) l25z 0- :!" '$$ C2-7)- = '9- # m>!* Zandstra & ) '9-52c 1*- -=2cR :!" ;2cR Q <% K* 5!$.(Liptay, 1999 # 5 Y Q-5i- = # 4-7? =)5? X O"- `5$" #< T$9 5hI/.'9-5\2 5, I/ !$!" : $? -5 0 $" &* --5) 5hI/ $* `5$" 0-

3 cW G&L* `5$" T$9 a>* :'gw 5i-:- 1: #F- '$%5 ' 0-.8U.& (M9&*) :1 (72) '8" qy Y qcp. U 5, I/ '$%5 5? ucf -5 =" >? * $\" $*.# - &'.* &Z= ;P 21 #F [ 24± #F 0 G&Z zf #, 70+%- 0 $ =" >? '&Z -5?+" 9 5 S-+-+$* d cW 5, I/ 'gw.#+* T$gI Coic #{t,- G&L* ;25 ) `5$" 'gw =9 (meql -1 ).(Zolfaghari, 2008) 5$% #"# 5, I/ (5/8 ±0/2) +2-cW G&L* ph T$gI 0- #<.(2G#P)#"# =) E- +2-cW G&L* = 51$* # -5 '8" 25N. x'9- ="&\s :!" =1I2- = =P& $If: x'9- X-# +\"5)=P&?!" :G&L* '8" 5$$R +8U :C:A = l<* Synda TU -=" >? +\"5)=P&?.')5? T$9 'gw C: 2 C2-7)- l25z 0- NI +2-cW = 520 C2 *0Y & # X O"- 5$% 5 X5?+$* [F5 [F5 : $ utb- X O"-.2&) Q&,.# T$gI 5$% 5 S-+-+$*? ;" >? 189 G 9 *0 C:A 2- e I* 0! k25 +" 8W X&/ 5? 789 X O"- y5 95N eu- -5N \!"- +<$8Z.# 9- +!2 ;%7I*= Rijk Zwaan '5 #"& '$%5 5 F = +2!" :-#? :c '$%5 5.#"# = N 10 v2 72 '$% $5 #9- (5$% 5 S-+-+$* [F5) +2-cW G&L* 9 &P&* +2-cW 5, I/ 'gw.1g#p : : (meql -1 ) : : : : : : : K 2/ /15 2/4 2/4 1/4 Ca 1/2 0/5 1/25 1/25 Mg N / 4/05 /9 PO 4 2/2 /5 4/25 /5 SO 4 (5$% -7: X5? [F5) u5h*t 5, I/ ]" -#(*.2G#P (NH 4 ) Mo 7 O 24.4H 2 O H BO CuSO 4.5H 2 O ZnSO 4.7H 2 O MnSO4,4H2O Squestrene Fe & 0 /05 1 / 5 0 / , 1000 ' ( ) «WinDias» G#* 20) : $ 5 X \I: +"0="-&P 0- 5$?0-#"- -5 'B-&I12 ;f: $? 15 (*N #"# [25> _5 K9 =U 9 _5 =!2 ]!B :mb ;89 L* -5 =$%- 5$?0-#"- ;%7I*=).(# =U 9 5KU (T: '$ 0) C2*0Y 2 5$?0-#"- =U 9 _5 =!2 _5 K9 I9 K9 \9 M9&!" 5: :_5 K9.#"# ;!2 _5 =U 9.# 5$?0-#"- 72 Q#*= =-c? +2-&(* :' - :!" \9.B- -5?+" 9 ;P 70 * '/ :'.* #]!B 0- #<.#"# ]!B Y 0-9- :X-#"- ]!B 0 5 y B Y =& 9 -#/- $\" $*.# 5$?0-#"- +% $O2 0-5.# 9- C2 *0Y#F- 5: -5 ) T$9 'gw =9 (5$% 5 S-+-+$* ( ).2&) Q&,= (5$% 5 S-+-+$* :!" 5-51 =9 +) h }t* {5Z [% U :=f: $? &N~ * Q#*= +\"5)=P&? #F- 5: #:!* =".(1 G#P) #"# G /-.#"# $? 24 &O* (-51) +!2 *0Y

4 " 8W X&/ =25!" 200 K9 # :mb =89 a25<.g#p -. / *#F- 5: -0- = $? = (LA 2 -LA 1 ) +?5 K9-7$*.#: +* =<9& ]!B # #$%& _5 K9-0- = $? ]2 # #$%& ]!B * ) # #$%& ]!B * -7$* = ]!B * #F- -0- = (W 2.& +* tz- (t 1 -t 2 ) m>!* *0 G&Z (W 1 ) =$%mg.mg -1.d -1 cm 2.mg -1 mg.cm -2.d -1 = = = /9 2 : ;<2 7,8 =+2+ =4 ( W L )_5]!B * -#(* = (LA) _5 K9 '8" cm 2.mg -1 = : >?1 ;<2.(Masson et al., 1991) =+% F ') 2 C: =U 9 ]!B 0 `5$" 'gw C2-7)- T$9 5$% 5 S-+-+$* 'gw 0-7$* 25!$ 5$% 5 S-+-+$* = `5$" = +" *0 '? -&+* eu-.# [89 - =U 9 ]!B ]!B 0 5 +I* 5i- `5$" # T T$9 'gw ') 2 C2-7)- T$9 'gw = +" *0 *- - =U 9 '9- # =U 9 ]!B 0 &8N [89 `5$".(5G#P) 'gw C2-7)- = =U 9 5KU v9 = (5G#P) & =!* } 825( T$9.$%=!" 5KU C2-7)- 0- +!> = '9- '$<U- -7$*.'9- & =U 9 ]!B 0 C2-7)- +/ < # -5 $<* ;%7I*= +/ : $? =U 9 5l$U -&* +B5 &+* =)5? 5g" : $? = +/ : $? =U 9 5KU &s.'9- =U 9 5KU #I2Y5 '9N"Y 7P T: : 789!" 5!$ =U 9 -#(* =s5:.'9- =U 9 ]!B 5X (* *59 &hb= +K$L* :CI 5-5 # '9- 'gw =U 9 5KU 5 0 -#(* 25!$.(5G#P) # #:!* `5$" 5$% 5 S-+-+$* &8" -I<* =U 9 5 `5$" 5i- G F$/ ]2 ;%7I*= :=U 9 = (4G#P) +N!* 2 ".'9- `5$" = v9 q&k* " ', M9& `5$" C2-7)- =U 9 #-#Y p 8- (200) De Grazia et al. (200) Balliu et al..'9- # 5 T$9 `5$" 5, I/ 5i- +95 &gi*= 2 a>* * :'8".'9- (t 2 -t 1 ) m>!* ]2 +Z :X-#"- * '8" (LMF) = * m$h> (T: '$ 0) C2 *0Y ١. * = _5 '8" (SMF) ٢. = =U 9.#"# =89 L* (RGR) ٤ +8" () # ٦ _5 K9 '8" 0- ;27O 9-.(G#P) (SLA) '/59 () #"# ٣. * = =!2 ٧ _5 5 : $ 5i- $If: ٥ m% =89 L* 7I9&) K9 =Z&5* -7$* () :G&*5) -7)-X5" 0-9- : $ $\" $* ;2 (* k" 2- K9 $\" $* ;2 (*.')5? X O"- SAS 9.1.# X O"- 1"- &*0Y 0/05G A D2 1 B1+ C =U 9 ]!B 0 5 NI T$9 `5$". (* 5i- =U KU & - I<* #,5 G F- K9 'gw.(4g#p) =U 9 ]!B 0 T$9 5$% 5 -#" -5U 5$iH'L -.-#"!" - +)tb- `5$" a>* S-+-+$* :'gw :) $ =9 2- =U 9 ]!B 0 $If:.(5G#P) & : $ (: : 'gw C2-7)- T$9 5$% 5 S-+-+$* 'gw 1. Leaf mass Fraction 2. Stem Mass Fraction. Root Mass Fraction 4. Relative Growth Rate 5. Net Assimilation Rate. Leaf Area Ratio 7. Specific Leaf Area

5 cW G&L* `5$" T$9 a>* :'gw 5i-:- 1: #F-.]!B * 12874** 47742** 14824* ]!B * =!2 284** 485 ns 1099** /5 =!2 _5 =U 9 Q, +!2 Q, k" 2- ;27O G#P.4G#P SLA ]!B 0 _5 0/ ** ** 0/ ns 0/ ns 0/ ** ns K9 _5 7524** 2078** 701/ ns 185/ /01 :** ]!B 0 =U 9 790** 555 ns 957* 24 10/1 5 0 =U 9 8/** 1/255* 0/828 ns 0/29 8,9 5KU =U 9 0/748** 0/5* 0/17 ns 0/115 /0 0/05 :* E F B1+ > +9 HE I : ns (mg) "# 177b (mg)! b =!2 _5 =U 9 Q, $\" $* ;2(*.5G#P (mg) (cm 2 ) (mg) (g) 1080b 297/2b 29b /7c (mm) 5/28b (meql -1 ) B ( 275a 45a 154a 48/01a 84a 4/98b 5/5a 284a 448a 517a 49/47a 418a 5/55a 5/85a 2058b 4a 12b 7/81b 8a 4/1b 5/49b C 2019b 9a 1284b /4b 8a 4/44b 5/42b 2419a 45a 111a 470/5a 71a 5/1a 5/87a C B ( 1712fe 58cd 104ef 292/5d 18cb /7ed 5/2bc 1 /5 147f 08d 9/5f 22/7d 228c 2/8e 4/89c 202dec 42cb 1271cde /77c 2cb 4/45cd 5/9ab 240ab 529a 1485bcd 410/9cb 444a 5/08bc 5/71ab 218dbc 40cb 192cd 91/07c 8ab 4/97bc 5/48bc 248ab 45cb 1725ab 512/0a 22cb 4/90bc 5/75ab 200de 419cb 1187def 99/97c 9ab 5/02bc 5/5bc 2401abc 477ab 1525cb 475/ab 98ab 5/5ab 5/88ab 2748a 448ab 188a 52/8a 40a /12a /17a.'9- $ $ - I<* utb- =!* u5f* Ericsson, 1995; Meille & Pellerin, 2008; Zhang et.(al., 2009 v9 '8" C: 2- '/ $!$ Q <% K* Y U I T$9 'gw C2-7)- = C2-7)- =1I2- '>".5 5$ -&+* =1" - C2-7)- *0T: +2-cW G&L* T$9 # T: _5 =U 9 C2-7)- [89 =!2 # -5 T$9 T :'gw +I<2.(5G#P) '9- Y 'gw C2-7)- '9- &8" +)!" (8 J'4 7K J B1+ = _5 :'8" 5 T$9 5i- * = =U 9 * (LMF) 2- &P.(G#P) &8" - I<*. ]!B (SMF). = =!2 '8" T$9 C2-7)- =+% F (7G#P) ') 2 C: C2-7)- (). = & # 4-7? $!$ Q <% K* (Cakmak et al., 1994; # 2+* C2-7)- T$9 -#(*

6 " 8W X&/ =25!" 202 -#(* 25!$ & : 5\2 [% P ;1".#*Y '9 = :1 /5 :1 /5 =!* $ '- &P '8" = p&5* '8" 7$" Y -I<* utb- '8" : :'8" $ =+% F = & 2-2-.(5G#P) &8" -I<* utb- Q * '8" 2- }S F- :'8" = '9- &E&* 2-5\" = '$" `5$" = T$9 * m$h> =1 '9- ]!B -&* m$h> 5, I/ &B 'gw = 5!$ +\"5)=P&? :!" :C:A &E&* '9- =- +2-cW.5$? -5U 5!$ =P& &* #"-&+* = :_5 5 `5$" 5i- C2-7)- (G#P) & -I<* }t* (LMF) ]!B '8" _5 * +2-cW G&L* `5$" -#(* 2-.(7 5 (De Grazia et & -5\!:A " =!* =O$" al., 200; Sallaku et al., 2009; Vavrina et al., `5$" -#(* C2-7)- = '9- # =? = # #$%& :=!2 $I$&2 9 '2 N" &+*.&+* *- &+*.(1998 5!$ $I$&2 9 G &: :G#P) 5 -#$ C2-7)- $?. =Y :X-#"- _5 +%&9 Q $( C2-7)- [89 T: :=!2 # [89 0-5!$ $I$&29 = N"Y v9.(wien, 1997) $I$&29 :_5 '$9 F '9:=!2 C: (5G#P) '9- =) 2 C2-7)- T: _5 =U 9 =!2 5 T$9 +I* Q-5i-.$%= =!2 * * $\" $* [89 T$9 ;2 (* = =-5s.'9- &8" 5 m>!* +2 NI= = =1I2- = =P& 5\2 u5z 0-.&+* =!2 ]!B 'gw T$9 S :'gw F :G&L* 0- $ & =) 2 C2-7)- T: +2-cW 5, I/. Ericsson, 1995; Hilbert, 1990; Marschner ) Q <% K*. C2-7)- = '9- # m>!* T: (et al., 199 '8" C: [89 =!2 M$L* +2-cW 5, I/ &5!$ = - C: 2- -&+* &+* CI '8" T: =!2 M$L* +2-cW 5, I/ : :1 /5 C2-7)- '8" =9 ;2 (* - :!".5 #:!* 1Y Q&,= ' i N"Y '8" =+% F). * = =!2 +I* }t* K N -&+* : 5hI/ 'gw 0 '8" C: ('9-5 `5$" 5i-.(7G#P) # #:!* B = =!2 0 '8" #2# C: [89 & 5i- &* =!* +O2 " +8U Q <% K*.# (Ågren &'9- # 4-7? C: 5 `5$" Franklin, 200; De Grazia et al., 200; Sallaku et 2- C: -5 = +$% #/.al., 2009) _5 * 5!$ C2-7)- '9- # 5ˆ Q <% K* C2-7)- = v9 =!2 * =2 (* -7$* 25 C2 *0Y 2-.'9- & `5$" :X-#"- = * m$h> # :mb k" 2- ;27O G#P.G#P a>* SLA RGR SMF LMf E F 4 0/ ** 0/ ns 0/ ** 0/000408** 0/ ns 0/0004 ns 0/001 0/ ns 0/ ns 0/00075 ns 0/ ** 0/ * 0/ ** 0/ ** B1+ 0/ ns 0/ ns 0/ ns 0/ ns 0/ ns 0/ ns 0/ ns 0/0005 0/ / / / / / LM > /4 8/2 2/20 9/2 12/4 5/9 HE I 0/01 :** 0/05 :* :ns

7 cW G&L* `5$" T$9 a>* :'gw 5i-:- 1: #F- SLA (cm 2 /mg) 0/27b 0/285b 0/14a!" # 0/927a 0/919a 0/848a :mb a>* :X-#"- ]!B@*'8" $\" $* ;2(*.7G#P RGR SMF LMF (mgl -1 ) *;<= 0/17b 0/15b 0/211a 0/19a 0/21a B ( 0/184ab 0/18a 0/192ab 0/1a 0/45a 0/199a 0/18a 0/190b 0/177a 0/2a 0/299a 0/917a 0/179a 0/12b 0/212a 0/189a 0/599b C 0/292a 0/908a 0/179a 0/11b 0/198ab 0/1b 0/a 0/281a 0/89a 0/194a 0/18a 0/18b 0/154b 0/4a C B ( 0/28cb 0/92ab 0/19bc 0/15de 0/212ab 0/188ab 0/01c 0/25c 0/954ab 0/10c 0/15e 0/211ab 0/155bc 0/4abc 0/29cb 0/897ab 0/182abc 0/12dc 0/209ab 0/14abc 0/27bc 0/28cb 1/012a 0/17bc 0/19ab 0/215a 0/18ab 0/04c 0/28cb 0/925ab 0/179abc 0/15bc 0/185abc 0/177ab 0/7abc 0/b 0/819b 0/207a 0/19ab 0/17bc 0/1c 0/94a 0/4a 0/807b 0/202a 0/12dc 0/21ab 0/198a 0/592c 0/1ab 0/84ab 0/199a 0/18abc 0/199abc 0/1abc 0/5abc 0/29cb 0/891ab 0/195ab 0/17a 0/14c 0/17abc 0/7ab.'9- $ $ - I<* utb- =!* u5f T$9 a>* {&K9 /9 1 B1+ C (RGR) +8" # '/59 T$9 -#(* C2-7)- -!" -I<* Q +8" # '/59 C2-7)-.') 2 C2-7)- RGR -#(* &s.& () _5 ;<9& 5" 0- + " T$9 &* -#$ C2-7)- T: -#(* RGR C2-7)- *0T: &8" -I<* -#(* 5 T$9 5i- =+% F 5 `5$" -#(* C2-7)- T$9 #I" :.(G#P) 5i- =+% F.(7G#P) 5 -#$ C2-7)- RGR -#(*. :&) 0- X-#Š$: 5 Y (200) et al. De Grazia.(7G#P) &8" -I<* `5$" 5$% 5 X5?+$* 00 'gw = #"5 4-7? # '/59 C2-7)- #$%& C2-7)- [89 M9&.) &* =!* +O2 ".&+* +8" M9& +\"5)=P&? (1994).#*Y '9 = Bassocu & Nicola (1998) Vavrina et al :&) 0- #I"-&+* : $? Q $,&hb 5$$R l25z 0- (+2-cW 5, I/ #I"*) +K$L*.#II # #I" #"0 +12`&%&)&* +12`&%&27$) `5$" C2 *0Y 2- = +K$L* :&) Q-5i- '/59 ;27O l25z 0- : $? # 5) #"& T$9 +12`&%&)&* +12`&%&27$) & ) = +8" # ;: `5$" C2-7)- = & 2- = * m$h> C2-7)- `5$" a>* {&K9 `5$".#" * ' i LMF [89 *- [% P ;1" T$9 {&K9 & # :_5 -#(* T$9 -#(* C2-7)-. * = =U 9 * '8" C: [89 5$% 5 S-+-+$* 'gw.(7g#p) SMF '8".'- - SMF #(SMF) '8" 25!$ Y!" Q#U 5\" $ =-5s '9!"# #$ :&) 5-5 '* (* +,-.L* = G ("- $F T$9 `5$".(* 5i-.&+* q&l* +1!B &8" -I<* LMF SMF :'8" 5.(G#P) '8" SMF-7$* 25!$ &P 2- :'8" SMF -#(* 25 )- - :1 /5 '8" rc: r+i* = & : : -7$* 25!$ *-.(7G#P) & SMF 5 '8" Y -7$* 25 : '8" = +" *0 = '9- Y 5\" $ 2 " 2-.# #:!* : &+* 5!$ `5$" T$9 $ '8" +I<2!" '$$ &8N 'NP * m$h> * = =U 9 =!2 * '8" C2-7)-. )- #:-&B - (SMF ).

8 204 `5$" C2-7)- = v9 5i- =-5s SLA =" '9- & LMF C2-7) ".(7 5G#P) & - $I<*5$W SLA -#(* 5 `5$" ;2cR 5$iH 'L `5$" 5i- =1I2-.(* 5i- & -I<* )N+ :!" # '$$ =<% K* 2-.')5? -5U T$9 `5$" :!" '$$ # 5 T$9 d&l* " C2-7)- C2-7)-.& -I<*5$W Q, 5b- 5 T$9 `5$" #.# q&k* Q, 5b- C2-7)- [89 T$9 'gw 5hI/ 2- +8$5 Q-5i- )5? 5g" 'gw T$9-5 5$% 5 S-+-+$* *- &+* +)5<* `5$" -5 5$% 5 S-+-+$* # 25N = -!" : $ + $\" $* ;2(* -#(* 25 RGR.#*Y '9 = :1 /5 - +&B 2 " T:. 'gw -5 '9- :1 /5 : 52 (* 25!$) $ [$5 :!" ( : [$5 $If: :[$5 2- =1I2-.$%= *- #I- + '8" 0-5S +2-cW G&L* 5, I/ 0- '9-5N +2 $$ :& u5h* +2&P=)5,.&!" 9- N"Y (2000) Poorter & Negal;? l8z.(#"&+* +95 # 5 5, I/ 5i- +: $? ;2cR Q <% K* 5b- =2 (* & ) 5$$R l25z 0-5!$ : $? RGR 7$" C2 *0Y 2- '9- & #Is =s5?-.#i) 2 C2-7)- 5: T$9 = v9 $ G < 5\" $ = '9- # m>!* T: C2*0Y - 5!$ *- '9- $? +12`&%&)&*.(Taub, 2002) '9- ki 7I9&) K9 q5e., F &B.'9- $? +12`&%&27$). = _5 '8" 2-.(Lambers et al., 2008) (SLA) " 8W X&/ =25!" '$:- '9- (LMF) $? 0- T$9 M9& C2-7)- = # m>!* C2 *0Y 5$iH'L LMF &s & SLA C2-7)- l25z -&+* k.')5\" -5U T$9 a>* {&K9 _5 K9 C2-7)- l25z 0- T$9 5 5$?=O$" 5i-.(* u5z.'9- # 5 *- & - I<* &8" -I<* RGR C: C2-7)- [$5= C2-7)- [89 5 =1I2- &P `5$" :& ) 0- X-#Š$:.#"5 =5O `5$" = v9 - = #Is5: -I<*5$W REFERENCES 1. Ågren, G. I. and Franklin, O. (200). Root: shoot ratios, optimization & nitrogen productivity. Annals of Botany, 92, Ayastuy, M., Hernández, L., Rodríguez, R., Fernández, J. & Cantamutto, M. (2009). Field Performance of Melon Seedlings Hardened by Brushing or with Paclobutrazol. Acta Horticulturae, 898, Balliu, A., Bani, A. & Sulçe, S. (200). Nitrogen effects on the relative growth rate and its components of pepper (Capsicum annuum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena) seedlings. Acta Horticulturae, 747, Basoccu, L. & Nicola, S. (1994). Supplementary light and pretransplant nitrogen effects on tomato seedling growth and yield. Acta Horticulturae, 9, Bennett, M., Precheur, R., Kleinhenz, M., Riedel, R. & Dikshit, S. (2002). Transplant quality, disease control and yield in fresh market tomato as affected by paclobutrazol and commercial biological control agents. Acta Horticulturae, 241, Cakmak, I., Hengeler, C. & Marschner, H. (1994). Partitioning of shoot and root dry matter and carbohydrates in bean plants suffering from phosphorus, potassium and magnesium deficiency. Journal of Experimental Botany, 45, Cantliffe, D. J. (2009). Plug Transplant Technology. Horticultural Reviews, 7, De Grazia, J., Tittonell, P. & Chiesa, A. (200). Nitrogen fertilization of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L. var. esculentum) transplants and their impact on crop growth after transplanting. Acta Horticulturae, 459, Dhawan, N. G., Umar, S., Siddiqi, T. O. & Iqbal, M. (2011). Nitrogen assimilation and yield of Lepidium Sativum [L.] as affected by potassium availability. Journal of Functional and Environmental Botany, 1, Dufault, R. J. (1998). Vegetable transplant nutrition. Hort Technology (USA). 8,

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