Climate Change Adaptation

Transcription

1 Climate Change Adaptation Examples in Spain Madrid, September 2011 Joaquín Rodríguez Chaparro Deputy Water Director System suitability Markets Climate Change Water supply/availability Demands Flood protection Agricultural Adaptation & Mitigation Byophysical GHG emissions Byophysical GHG emissions Water supply Availability Demands Competition Adaptation In Water Management Land use &management Catchment properties Byophysical GHG emissions Natural resources (e.g.water, nutrients) Ecosystem Properties (vegetation, soils, hydrology GHG emissions, biophysical) System characteristics/response (e.g.flood risk, water quality) Interactions between climate change, adaptation/mitigation in agriculture, adaptation in water management and ecosistem properties (Source: OECD Climate Change, water and agriculture 2011) 1

2 System suitability Markets Agricultural Adaptation & Mitigation Byophysical GHG emissions Climate Change Byophysical GHG emissions Water supply Availability Demands Competition Water supply/availability Demands Flood protection Special Plans for Situations of Alert and Temporary Drought Adaptation In Water Management Spanish National System for Cartography of Flood Prone Areas Land use &management Catchment properties Byophysical GHG emissions Spanish Irrigation Plans in the XXI century Natural resources (e.g.water, nutrients) Ecosystem Properties (vegetation, soils, hydrology GHG emissions, biophysical) System characteristics/response (e.g.flood risk, water quality) Interactions between climate change, adaptation/mitigation in agriculture, adaptation in water management and ecosistem properties (Source: OECD Climate Change, water and agriculture 2011) Special Plans for Situations of Alert and Temporary Drought 2

3 New approach FROM a crisis management system, focused on immediate reaction to the problems posed by drought TO a well-planned system for preventing water scarcity and drought Tackle the hydrological droughts not the meteorological Definition Management Plan with tools that allow to detect hydrological droughts and adopt mitigation measures in advance that minimize the effects on water demand and on the environment It is NOT an Infrastructure Plan, although it can include measures related to infrastructures The DMP were approved by Ministerial Order (MAM/698/2007) in 2007 Specific objectives : Guarantee water availability required to sustain population life and health. Avoid or minimize negative drought effects on the ecological status of water bodies. Minimize negative effects on public water supply. Minimize negative effects on economic activities, according to the prioritization of uses established by the River Basin Management Plans. Climatic change adaptation, preventing de effects of more frequent droughts. 3

4 Tools: Indicator system which allows the early detection of droughts by establishing progressive thresholds on drought gravity. Programme of measures which defines the measures to put in place in function of the phase Management system which allows to adopt the measures. Follow-up system thanks to specific indicators allows to determinate the correctly function of these plans. Indicator system Each river basin develops its own set of indicators adapted to its specific characteristics. All the indicators are normalised to values from 0 to 1, which allows the combination of different indicators by weighted additions. 1 0,5 0,5 0 Vmin Vmed Vmax 4

5 By using hydrological simulations, 4 drought phases had been established 1. Normal situation 2. Pre-alert situation 3. Alert situation 4. Emergency situation Since the DMPs were launched, the indicators have been recorded at least monthly, increasing in many cases to a weekly collection. Thanks to the information about the state of the indicators, monthly maps are created for all the country about the drought situation 5

6 Programme of measures Each river basin elaborates a programme of measure to launch in the different phases of drought severity TYPES OF MITIGATION MEASURES Status Normal Pre-alert Alert Emergency Objective Planning Informationcontrol Conservation Restrictions Type of measure Strategic Tactics Strategic measures long term actions, included in the River Basin Management Plan Tactic measures planned short term actions Emergency Emergency measures extraordinary actions adapted to the extension, affected areas and gravity of the situation Drought National Observatory: Free access to the general public. Weekly reports on the drought situation. 6

7 Spanish National System for Cartography of Flood Prone Areas 7

8 Processes and data Tool for give information to the decission makers Works have been done by compiling historical data: Existing studies (national catalogue, RBDs studies, historical and insurances data). News releases, historical pictures and interviews. By generating historical data bases (general data, hydro-meteorological data, significant impacts). By identifying and assessing past floods (significant changes in land uses, establishment of structural measures). Areas with Potential Significative Food Risk Relevant findings It was decided to represent the Areas with Potential Significative Food Risk as a colored line, in which by clicking all information required by the FD is provided in a window and an informative sheet in pdf can be downloaded (alternatives such as polygons and points did not allow a simple representation and information overlapped). 8

9 Cartographic viewer Specific selection menu for APSFRs. 9

10 By clicking on a APSFR you can access general information and a specific report on the area. APSFR can also be selected through the searching tool. Júcar RBD APSFR of Júcar RBD 10

11 Zooms in of APSFRs Previously existing flood hazard maps (some will be reuse and updated, some replaced) 11

12 Spanish Irrigation Plans in the XXI Century It helps settling rural population, therefore reducing rural exodus Employment generation. Irrigated agriculture creates up to three times more jobs than nonirrigated one Throughout the use of innovative technologies, it creates qualified hand labour Empowers economic rural development Enhancing living standards in rural areas From 3.4 to 3.5 million hectares are annually irrigated Importance of irrigation in Spain Associated agroecosystems Flow rates regulation Water used for irrigation stands for 68% of the total water demand. Improving territorial cohesion A single irrigated hectare yields 6 times more agricultural output than a non-irrigated one, in the end representing a rent 4 times higher Rural incomes support Irrigation dynamizescrop rotation, hence diversifying farmers sources of income It prevents erosion and desertification Agro-industry support Agro-industry sector takes up 17% of national industry At present, irrigation produces 55% of the final agricultural production PFA, taking up only 16% of the tilled land 12

13 Spanish Irrigation Plans in the XXI Century The Irrigation National Plan (PNR) Improvement and Modernisation Programme: - More than 1.1 million hectares of traditional irrigation systems modernized. -Water shaving of over hm 3 /yearestimated -investments of M, financed by both private and public funds The Action Plan Urgent works improving and consolidating irrigation systems in order to mitigate drought damages and saving water. -Total modernized surface: ha -Total public financing; M -Saved water: hm 3 /year(estimated) Spanish Irrigation Plans in the XXI Century Preliminary results Irrigation National & Plan Action Plan EVOLUTION OF IRRIGATED AREA BY IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES IN SPAIN Uso del agua en el sector agrario AGRICULTURAL WATER USE Decrease hm 3 11% ha hm Uso del agua (hm3/año) año Source: ESYRCE Flood irrigation Sprinkler irrigation Drip irrigation 13

14 Spanish Irrigation Plans in the XXI Century Preliminary results Irrigation National & Plan Action Plan COMMON EFFORT Government EVOLUTION OF IRRIGATED AREA BY IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES IN SPAIN WATER USE IN AGRICULTURE Irrigators Decrease Hm 3 14% ha Source: ESYRCE Companies Flood irrigation Sprinkler irrigation Drip irrigation Hm Source: The National Statistics Institute Knowledge, technology and experience National Strategy for the Sustainable Modernisation of Irrigation Horizon 2015 (NSSMI 2015) All these efforts promoting the sustainability of irrigation in Spain must be continued through the NSSMI2015 with actions aimed at: Improving water management and water use efficiency (water saving) Incorporating environmental aspects and biodiversity conservation in irrigation zones (good agricultural practices, GAP) Rationalizing energy use Using alternative water resources Guaranteeing production against climate variability Consolidation of the agri-food system Increasing the standard of living in rural areas Increasing benefits and productivity in irrigating farms Manpower generation Population stabilization Farmers training in new technologies 14

15 NSSMI2015 ACTIONS PROGRAMME (1) Frequent types of actions of the Programme are: Actions in the field of water transport and distribution networks Improving water management Reducing water losses in transport and distribution Shifting to more water-efficient irrigation systems Pumping and filtering stations and associated electric power networks Providing pressurized irrigation network Increasing energy efficiency Improving water quality NSSMI2015 ACTIONS PROGRAMME (2) Increase of water storage capacity Improving water supply management by building ponds and water tanks Use of alternative water resources The use of regenerated and desalinated water in agriculture reduces pressure on other water resources: surface water and groundwater Automated irrigation systems The introduction of new technologies in watering, information, communication and water metering increases water management efficiency among many others improvements in farms Actions increasing energy efficiency Efficiency in the use of energy is a key factor to meet sustainability in irrigation and to guaranty economic viability of irrigating farms 15

16 NSSMI2015 ACTIONS PROGRAMME (3) TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING Capacity building and training in the use and maintenance of the technologies incorporated into modernization projects Training in the fields of water and energy management, and economic, social, and environmental aspect of irrigation with the new technologies introduces in the modernization. PROMOTE THE USE OF AGROCLIMATIC NETWORKS BY THE IRRIGATORS Efforts are made to provide information from the agroclimatic network in an easy way to use by irrigators. A fundamental role is play by the advisory servicesto the irrigator providing information about the volume of water used in irrigation and thetime to apply, based in agroclimatic data, the crop reference evapotranspiration, and de fenologic characteristics of each crop in the irrigated area. NSSMI2015 ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS Compliance with EU Directives and national legislation on environmental impact assessment NSSMIStrategic Environmental Assessment Funds are provided to support mitigation measures Edition of guides defining environmental actions to be implemented in modernised irrigation areas Especially those areas in Natura 2000 Network, Ramsar Convention and national and regional protected natural areas Promotion of good agricultural practices (GAP) Especially those aimed to guaranty water and soil quality and the availability of return water after been used for irrigation Infrastructures integrated in landscape Improvement and restoration of water channels and banks Maintenance of water channels with historical and scenic value Guides and training 16

17 Spanish Irrigation Plans in the XXI Century Preliminary results Irrigation National & Plan Action Plan ha EVOLUTION OF IRRIGATED AREA BY IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES IN SPAIN hm Uso del agua en el sector agrario AGRICULTURAL WATER USE Decrease hm 3 11% Uso del agua (hm3/año) año Source: ESYRCE Flood irrigation Sprinkler irrigation Drip irrigation We are ready to face the uncertainties of climate change Thank you for your attention! Joaquín Rodríguez Chaparro Deputy Water Director jrodrigc@marm.es info@climatechangewateragriculture.es 17