Local Pulse Production Concerns. Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers and You!

Transcription

1 Local Pulse Production Concerns Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers and You!

2 Today: Pulse Root Rots Pea Production Lentil Production Local Concerns

3 Pulse Diseases: Root Rot Pathogens Fusarium Pythium Rhizoctonia Aphanomyces Photo courtesy of Dr. S. Chatterton, AAFC Lethbridge

4 S. Chant, SMA Pulse Root Rots: Aphanomyces euteiches Reports on Aphanomyces spp. in Canada since 1938 (SK 2012) 2014 widespread identification in soil and plant roots across SK Data from CDC, Discovery Seed & SK Agric. Crop Protection Labs

5 Seed & Seedling Health: Pulses WARM Cochliobolus sativus Fusarium spp. Fusarium spp. Cochiobolus Sativus Rhizoctonia spp. Aphanomyces eutiches COLD Rhizoctonia spp. Rhizoctonia spp. Fusarium spp. Pythium spp. DRY MOIST WET

6 Photo courtesy of C. Armstrong-Cho Normal watering conditions

7 IG72815 L01-827A CDC Dazil Eston CDC Greenland CDC Imax CDC Impact CDC Impower CDC Improve CDC Imvincible CDC KR-1 CDC Maxim CDC Redberry CDC Robin CDC Viceroy CDC Frontier CDC Meadow Disease severity (0-5) Varietal differences in resistance to Aphanomyces in Lentil University of Saskatchewan data

8 S. Chant, SMA Pulse Root Rots: Fusarium spp. Photo courtesy of Dr. B. Gossen, AAFC Saskatoon

9 Chickpea Dry Beans Fababean Lentil Pea Aphanomyces General Seed Rots/Blights Botrytis spp. (seed/soil-borne) Fusarium spp. (seed/soil-borne) Sclerotinia spp. (seed/soil-borne) Pythium spp. (soil-borne) Rhizoctonia spp. (soil-borne) Seed Treatments: Pulse Root Rots CROPS DISEASES Agrox FL X X X X * Allegiance FL X X X X Apron Advance X X X X X Apron Maxx RTA / Apron Maxx RFC X X X X X Belmont 2.7 FS X X X X Crown X X ** ** ** Cruiser 5FS Ɨ X X X X X Cruiser Maxx Pulses Ɨ X X X Cruiser Maxx Vibrance Beans Ɨ X EverGol Energy X X X X Heads Up Plant Protectant X Insure Pulse - NEW X X X X X Intego SOLO Fungicide NEW use X X X X Thiram 75WP X X * Trilex AL X X X X Trilex EverGol X X X X Vibrance 500FS - NEW X X X Vibrance Maxx RTA / Vibrance Maxx RFC X X X Vitaflo 280 /Vitaflo SP / Vitaflo X X X ** Ɨ Available to commercial seed treaters only. Refer to 2016 Guide to Crop Protection and labels for specific information on pathogens and insects listed as well as expectations for control vs suppression. Seed Rot, Seedling Blight, Damping-off, and/or Root Rot can be caused by a complex of Botrytis, Fusarium, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and/or Sclerotinia *some products do not specify pathogens; **some products lentil only

10 Pulse Disease (Pathogen) Seed rot & damping off (Pythium and/or Phytophthora spp.) Seed rot & seedling blight (Botrytis + Sclerotinia + Fusarium) Ascochyta/Mycosphaerella complex (pea) Threshold on Seed N/A (soilborne) Ascochyta lentis (lentil) 5% - 10% Anthracnose (lentil) Stemphylium Blight (lentil) Action if Over Threshold Use seed treatment IF: history of disease; cool-moist seeding conditions; kabuli chickpeas, low-tannin lentils, damaged peas 10% Use seed treatment 10% Use seed treatment N/A Use seed treatment (>10% do not use) Although seed-to-seedling transmission is low, do not use infected seed if planting in a field where lentil has never been grown. Seed staining and infection can occur but seed-toseedling transmission is unknown. Research is in progress. Ascochyta rabiei (chickpea) 0.3% Do not use as seed

11 Pea

12 Fertility Nutrient uptake per bushel: 3.1 lbs N 0.9 lbs P 2 O 5 (important for nodule development and N fixation) 2.8 lbs K 2 O 0.3 lbs S Above lbs/ac N from soil and fertilizer, nodule development may be delayed and reduced. Above 50 lbs/ac N nodulation may not occur. Below 10 lbs/ac N, some starter N may help the crop because nodule development takes 3 to 4 weeks.

13 In Crop Control of Cleavers in Peas Authority/Authority Charge and Edge granular (before cleaver emergence, suppression) Basagran/Basagran Forté Odyssey Odyssey Ultra Viper ADV (suppression)

14 Control of Group 2 Resistant Wild Mustard in Pea Pre-seeding/emergence CleanStart, glyphosate, Aim, Authority Charge, Heat, MCPA amine In Crop Basagran/Basagran Forté, MCPA sodium salt/amine, MCPB/MCPA, Metribuzin (Sencor Solupak 75 DF, Sencor 75 DF, TriCor 75 DF), Viper ADV

15 Group 2 and 9 Resistant Kochia in Pea Authority/Authority Charge, Edge Granular and Valtera will control kochia if application is made before kochia plants emerge MCPA in crop Pre-seeding Aim, Authority Charge, CleanStart, Heat, Gramoxone and MCPA amine

16 Residual Herbicides to Watch For One season after application There are at least 16 products that have a one year recropping restriction for pea See Page 74 and 75 of the 2016 Guide to Crop Protection 2nd season after application (ie. 18 months re-cropping) Imazamethabenz in Brown and Dark Brown Soil zones (Assert 300SC, Avert) Muster

17 Pea Diseases Mycosphaerella blight is the most common disease on peas in SK. Ascochyta complex includes: Mycosphaerella blight Ascochyta leaf and pod spot Ascochyta foot rot

18 Ascochyta complex One in three year pea rotation where it is a problem Infected stubble is the most important source, followed by infected seed Scouting and fungicide application should begin at early bloom stage

19 Fungicide options for the Ascochyta complex Acapela (Group 11) Bravo 500 (Group M5) Delaro (Groups 3 & 11) Echo 720 (Group M5) Elatus (Groups 7 & 11) Headline EC (Group 11) Lance (Group 7) Lance AG (Groups 7 & 11) Priaxor (Groups 7 & 11) Quadris (Group 11) Quilt (Groups 3 and 11) Vertisan (Group 7)

20 Desiccant/Pre-Harvest Herbicide Timing Aim and CleanStart: less than 30% moisture Diquat (Reglone, Reglone Ion, Desica, Diquash,/Dessicash, Stage, Masterline Diquat): bottom pods are ripe and dry and the seeds are detached from the pods Glyphosate: 75-80% of the pods are brown Heat: 70 to 80% of the pods are brown Look into MRLs before application

21 Lentil

22 Seeding Rate Target 12 plants per square foot doubled for extra small red lentils Seeding rate should increase when there is high weed pressure Use thousand kernel weight to calculate seeding rate

23 Nutrient Uptake Nutrient uptake per bushel (per 1,400 lbs/ac crop): 3.1 lbs N (71) 0.8 lbs P 2 O 5 - important for nodule development and N fixation (18) 2.8 lbs K 2 O (60) 0.3 lbs S (5)

24 Nitrogen Fertility >25-35 lbs/ac N, additional N will reduce nodulation and N fixation Above 50 lbs/ac available N, nodulation will be reduced or absent <15 lbs/ac available N, 18 lbs/ac N added as starter fertilizer may be beneficial

25 Phosphorus Fertility P is important for nodule development and nitrogen fixation If there is less than 20 lbs/ac available P, some should be added at seeding

26 Group 2 and 9 Resistant Kochia in Lentil Edge Granular applied in the fall will control kochia if application is made before kochia plants emerge Pre-seeding Aim, CleanStart, Heat, Gramoxone and MCPA amine

27 Group 2 Resistant Wild Mustard in Lentil Pre-seeding/emergence CleanStart, glyphosate, Aim, Heat, MCPA amine In Crop Metribuzin (Sencor Solupak 75 DF, Sencor 75 DF, TriCor 75 DF)

28 Residual Herbicides to Watch For One season after application There are at least 30 products that have a one year recropping restriction for lentil See Page 74 and 75 of the 2016 Guide to Crop Protection

29 Residual Herbicides to Watch For 2nd season after application (ie. 18 months recropping) Authority/Authority Charge Quinclorac (Clever, Masterline Quinclorac) Curtail M Prestige XC Infinity/Tundra/Velocity m3 Muster Paradigm Pixxaro Triton C (may be longer in some environments)

30 Residual Herbicides to Watch For 3 rd or 4th season after application Metsulfuron (Ally/Accurate) Re-cropping restriction varies based on soil type, ph and environmental conditions

31 Sclerotinia Other broadleaf crops are also susceptible Scouting for this and other diseases should begin at early flowering 31

32 Anthracnose There are many lentil varieties that are moderately resistant Favoured by warm moist weather Mainly stubble and dust borne

33 Ascochyta This disease is most damaging to maturing pods and seeds if prolonged wet weather occurs during July and August Most varieties have moderate resistance Seed and residue-borne

34 Approaches to Disease Management Crop rotation Disease tolerant cultivars Prevention & sanitation Seed health Crop scouting & diagnostics Disease forecasting Foliar fungicides Good record keeping & planning

35 Grasshoppers Feed on buds, flowers and developing pods At 2/m 2 there is enough feeding pressure for an insecticide application to be worthwhile

36 Desiccant/Pre-Harvest Herbicide Timing Diquat (Reglone, Reglone Ion, Desica, Diquash,/Dessicash, Stage, Masterline Diquat): lowest pods are light brown and rattle when shaken Glyphosate: bottom 15% of pods are brown and rattle when shaken Good Harvest: 40 60% of the pods turn yellow or brown Heat (red lentil only): bottom 15% of pods are brown and rattle when shaken Look into MRLs before application

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