Integrating Beneficials with Bio-Pesticides: The Strawberry IPM Example. Frank V. Sances Pacific Ag Group

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1 Integrating Beneficials with Bio-Pesticides: The Strawberry IPM Example Frank V. Sances Pacific Ag Group

2 Pacific Ag Group Research Facilities by Region

3 Pacific Ag Laboratories Hydroponic Greenhouses Entomology Plant Pathology Winery Nematology

4 Overview I.! Concepts, History, and Challenges of Strawberry Pest Management II.! Strawberry IPM Systems California, Florida, and Spain i.! ii.! iii.! Arthropods Spider Mites, Lygus hesperus, Lepidopterans, Thrips Plant Pathogens Foliar and Soil Borne Biological Tools Conservation of Natural Enemies & Inundative Releases of Beneficials III.! Conclusions and Testimonials i.! ii.! Trends and Opportunities Grower Interviews

5 Strawberry Production Regions California Florida Spain (EU)

Strawberry IPM Costs by Region 82('"%0"%&'() 9+) 6'$7%"%&'() 5+) :;!) <+)!"#$%&'($") :$'&#=1$>)?%='() @+)!"#$%"%&'() *+)!"#$%&'(')"*"($%+,#$#%!"-%./-"!"#$%&'($" )#&'$*" +,"'$,$*-.

6 Strawberry IPM Costs by Region 82('"%0"%&'() 9+) 6'$7%"%&'() 5+) :;!) <+)!"#$%&'($") *+)!"#$%&'(')"*"($%+,#$#%!"-%./-"!"#$%&'($" )#&'$*" +,"'$,$*-. /012 /031 )45$6"7$&( /898:: /;<= )4(6$,$*-. /<32 /81 /003 A(.-,$7$,$*-. /313 /280 B!+ /0:: /11 B'-*"7&'CDE$7-.DF3GH /331 /03: I&7"# /29<=: /3923= :;!) <+) 5*+) 82('"%0"%&'() 5B+),-.%/#012) *9+),-.%/#012) 34+),-2/%"%&'() <A+)

7 Overview I.! Concepts, History, and Challenges of Strawberry Pest Management II.! Strawberry IPM Systems California, Florida, and Spain i.! ii.! iii.! Arthropods Spider Mites, Lygus hesperus, Lepidopterans, Thrips Plant Pathogens Foliar and Soil Borne Biological Tools Conservation of Natural Enemies & Inundative Releases of Beneficials III.! Conclusions and Testimonials i.! ii.! Trends and Opportunities Grower Interviews

8 Arthropod Pests on Strawberries Tetranychus urticae (Two Spotted Spider Mite) Lygus hesperus (Lygus Bug) Drosophila suzukii (Spotted Wing Drosophila) Nitidulidae Family (Sap Beetles) Frankliniella occidentalis (West. Flower Thrips) Spodoptera exigua (Beet Armyworm)

9 Mite Damage in the Field

10 Foliar and Fruit Diseases Sphaerotheca macularis (Powdery Mildew) Xanthomonas fragariae (Angular Leaf Spot) Colletotrichum acutatum (Anthracnose) Botrytis cinerea (Botrytis Fruit Rot)

11 Soil Borne Pests Belonolaimus longicaudatus (Sting Nematode) Macrophomina phaseolina (Charcoal Rot) Verticillium dahliae (Verticillium Wilt) Phytophthora cactorum (Phytophthora Crown Rot)

12 Economic Thresholds Lygus Damage (Cat-facing) Corn Earworm Feeding on Fruit Foliar Damage from Moth Larva Direct Injury Indirect Injury Undamaged (left) and Mite-Damaged (right) Spider Mite Bronzing Caused by Thrips Sting Nematode

13 Beneficials Orius tristicolor (Minute Pirate Bug) Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Six-Spotted Thrips) Feltiella acarisuga (Predaceous Midge Larva) Nabis spp. (Damsel Bug) Stethorus picipes (Spider Mite Destroyer) Oligota oviformis (Rove Beetle) Hemerobius pacificus (Brown Lacewing) Chrysoperla carnea (Green Lacewing) Geocoris spp. (Predaceous Bit-Eyed Bug)

14 Predatory Mites Used in Strawberry IPM Systems Phytosiulus persimilis Neoseiulus fallacis Neoseiulus californicus Galendromus occidentalis

15 Phytosiulus persimilis Attacking a Two Spotted Spider Mite

16 Concepts of IPM Biotic Abiotic I.! Biocontrols I.! Weather! Micro! Rainfall! Macro! Temperature II.! Host Plant! Age! Condition! Variety! Senescence II.! Cultural Practices! Irrigation! Mulch Color

17 Conservation - Habitat Dust Control X In-Field Insectaries Plastic Mulch Color Soil Amendment Incorporation

18 Evaluating the Impact of Pesticides on Beneficials Laboratory Assessment Munger Cells In-Field Assessment

Timing and Distribution of Predator Mites!"#$%&'.

/0(*>CD$/E./0(*>CD$/E 2$3(*?,CD$/E A/8"#(*?

19 Timing and Distribution of Predator Mites!"#$%&'.'"%/#$-%' (#)*+,$-.,-*$'"!"#$%&'$( )$"(*+,-./0(*+,-1./0(*+,- 2$3(*+,- 78$9*:5*78$%/:58 )$"(*>*:5*?./0(*>*:5*? ;/:<5=(./0(*?,*:5*? 2$3(*?,*:5*? B#8$=#5'%( 2$3(*?,CD$/E A/8"#(*?,CD$/E 456(*+,- )$"(*+,- Mechanical Distribution

20 Overview I.! Concepts, History, and Challenges of Strawberry Pest Management II.! Strawberry IPM Systems California, Florida, and Spain i.! ii.! iii.! Arthropods Spider Mites, Lygus hesperus, Lepidopterans, Thrips Plant Pathogens Foliar and Soil Borne Biological Tools Conservation of Natural Enemies & Inundative Releases of Beneficials III.! Conclusions and Testimonials i.! ii.! Trends and Opportunities Grower Interviews

USDA-ARS. 2012. Rosskopf, E. USDA-ARS. 2012. Raised Bed III.

Soilless Substrate Troughs Wang/USDA-ARS!

21 Soil Borne Disease Management I. Anaerobic Soil Disinfection (ASD) Rosskopf/USDA-ARS!! Comparable yields to MeBr standard!! High level of weed control!! Easily adaptable to organic and conventional systems!! Easily scaled up or down from home garden-sized to farm-scale II. Applications Fumigation Drip Rosskopf, E. USDA-ARS Rosskopf, E. USDA-ARS Raised Bed III. Crop rotation IV. Soilless Substrate Troughs Wang/USDA-ARS!! Hemispherical mulch-lined trough!! Filled with substrate (i.e. coir, perlite, peat, rice hulls).!! Plugs planted through mulch overlay Wang, D. USDA-ARS Wang, D. USDA-ARS

22 Role of Plant Health

23 Strawberry Grower Interviews Carl Grooms Fancy Farms (FL) David Peck Manzanita Farms (CA)

24 MICHIGANAGRESEARCH.COM PACIFICAGRESEARCH.COM FLORIDAAGRESEARCH.COM