Antibiotic Free Turkey Production November 16, 2016

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1 Antibiotic Free Turkey Production November 16, 2016

2 Public Demand Announced March 8 th 2015 that in 5 years it will phase out human antibiotics from USA chicken supply for it s 14,000 USA restaurants. By Reuters One of the largest restaurant chains in the USA with 1,800 locations buys 28 million lbs of meat and poultry without antibiotics each year. By Reuters Announced Feb 11, 2014 that in 5 years no more antibiotic in chicken supply for 1,800 USA restaurants. Chick-fil-A public announcement

3 Subway restaurants announces Oct 21, 2015 that it will only serve protein from animals that have never received antibiotics in their 27,000+ locations in the USA starting in early 2016.

4 North America s biggest poultry producer pledges to stop using human antibiotics in USA flocks over the next 2 years announced April 28, By Lindsay Abrams Announced July 15, 2014 No to growth-promoting antibiotics in 2 major turkey brands in North America. Third largest chicken producer in USA now has 95% of their chicken raised without antibiotics approved for humans with more than half with no antibiotics. By Reuters

5 Production Comparison Organic vs. ABF vs. Conventional Organic ABF Conventional Antibiotics No No Yes Chemicals No Yes Yes Coccidiostats No No Yes Insecticides Organic Yes Yes Herbicides No Yes Yes Rodenticides Yes* Yes Yes Litter Amendments Klasp Yes Yes Enrichments GAP level? GAP level? No Outdoor access GAP level? GAP level? No Wormer DE Yes Yes Water Sanitation Yes Yes Yes

6 Antibiotic free means being proactive not reactive.

7 Monitoring Poult Quality Should be an Ongoing Process

8 A great deal of care goes into producing a quality poult

9 Poult Transport and Delivery

10 Poult Quality

11 It Starts with a Stable Farm Environment Considerations for Antibiotic Free Production Longer Placement Cycles, Reduced Population Densities, Single age status

12 Defend the environment 1. Understand the threats 2. Devise a plan of defense 3. Monitor 4. Update and change as needed

13 Environmental : Control Vectors 1. Darkling beetles / larvae as well as flies and maggots are know to be able to carry clostridia and other diseases like Salmonella and Viruses. Effective, consistent control programs are a must.

14 MG in Turkeys in NC Effect of Biosecurity Measures on Incidence 1.Clean (or farm owned) coveralls Without = 65 % infected With = 12 % infected 2.Clean or plastic boots Without = 27 % infected With = 6 % infected NC State University 5X

15 Water Sanitation is one of the Corner Stones 1. If using Chlorine and Acid ORP must be keep 750 with total chlorine (3-5ppm) with ( ph) 2. Chlorine Dioxide must be measurable and tested regularly (3-5ppm) total chlorine (1ppm) free chlorine 3. An injection pump system will give the best and most consistent results. The key is continuous uninterrupted application

16 Biofilms 1. C&D of waterlines and equipment is critical between flocks followed by consistent, effective water sanitation 2. Biofilm = organic layer (slime / minerals) inside water lines 3. Once a bacteria attaches to the biofilm it begins to excrete a slimy material 4. Bacteria can break off in clumps from the biofilm 5. Pathogens such as Ecoli, Pseudomonas and Salmonella can exist in biofilm

17 Must have clean water to prevent Bordetella / ORT Biosecurity to prevent Newcastle Disease (NDV) Check blood for titers. All of the above are stresses that promote HE Challenges!!!!!

18 Typical 6 9 week Mortality with HE challenge

19 Poults should be bled days after HE Vaccination (8-9 weeks) Hemorrhagic Enteritis Bordetella Newcastle disease

20 Getting poults off to a good start 1. Chilling or overheating both increases the requirement for oxygen. 2. For every 2 o F increase in body temp the requirement for O 2 increases 10 % o F

21 9 Hen Poult Temperature vs 7-day Mortality y = -0,9508x + 100,66 R² = 0, day Mortality ⁰C 40.0⁰C 100, , , , ,5 105 Poult Temperature (Fahrenheit) (Dr Vern Christensen 2014)

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23 84⁰F 29⁰C Understand each heater types heat foot print

24 Understand heat foot print 84⁰F 29⁰C Czarcik, 2010

25 Pancake stoves do a poor job of large ring/open room brooding because of the small infrared projection 84⁰F 29⁰C 80⁰F 27⁰C Czarick 2008

26 Large Room / Open House 90⁰F 32⁰C

27 Understand the heat foot print 90⁰F 32⁰C Czarick Czarcik,

28 Having the Correct Floor Temperature Range 95⁰F

29 Good activity 93⁰F

30 Forced Air Floor Temperatures 91⁰F

31 Minimum ventilation is mostly about moisture control Moisture control: as air warms its expands it s moisture holding ability Adjust ventilation rates to Rh 60% Ammonia 20ppm 4⁰C 27⁰C Czarcik, 2010

32 Measure to understand the effects carbon gases can have on flock health 1. Early poult mortality (roundheart, starve-outs) increased when : Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Greater than 2,500 ppm Greater than 20 ppm Dr. D. Frame Utah State University.

33 Compromised house conditions cause birds to decrease feed intake Gorge feeding!

34 Feed Presentation Coarser grain grind size (~1200 µm) is recommended Slows the rate of digestion drier fecal droppings A mix of coarse and fine grind can be used Recommend a ratio of 25% minimum to 50-75% maximum (coarse to fine grind) Ratio of coarse to fine grind can increase with flock age Dr. David Laurin

35 Feed Texture / Presentation

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37 Good Gut Health is Key to Good Bird Health Ability of gut to efficiently absorb nutrients = Good Feed Conversion

38 Feed Enzymes Feed enzymes aid in the health of the digestive system NON-STARCH POLYSACHARRIDE ENZYMES Many products are available Multi-enzyme and characterized products are better than homogenous products CELLULOSE (ß-1,4 GLUCAN) PHYTASE Occurs in areas of acidic ph in the gastro-intestinal tract Risk of inactivity can occur in temperatures of > 70 C / 158 F unless coated or post-pellet applied Dr. David Laurin PHYTIC ACID

39 What affect does being off feed have?

40 Poor Gut Health Excess Mucus Reduces Protein, Vitamin absorption Wet Litter Destabilized gut microflora Results in need to medicate

41 Poult Quality Normal Growth Depressed Growth

42 Vitamin and Trace Minerals These are very important parts of the total feed nutrient content Deficiency of vitamins in early diets can result in leg problems in finisher stages of growth Some trace minerals can be partly supplied by organic sources Hybrid recommended levels can be found at

43 Feed Ingredients for ABF Production Acidifiers Probiotics Saponins (eg. Yucca) Feed sanitizers (eg. Formaldehyde) Essential Oils Sodium Sulfate Mycotoxin binders 25-dihydroxy vitamin D 3 Organic trace minerals Dr. David Laurin

44 Alternatives for Cocci Control Coban Avatec/3-Nitro Ionophors Histostat Coyden Amprol Chemicals Clinacox Zoamix Coccivac T Immucox??? Vaccines

45 Hatchery Vaccination Setup

46 Vaccination Sprayer

47 Just Sprayed

48 Proper Coverage

49 A Good Environment is Needed for Proper Uptake

50 Time to Stack

51 Poult Check Vaccinated Not Vaccinated

52 Equipment: On Farm Vaccination 1-3 gal Chapin Premier Garden Sprayer with 4 position nozzle in the #4 position ( part number ) 1 - Hand mixer- Example: Braun hand held 1-4 liter measuring container 1 - mesh screen 1 - Clean Bucket

53 On Farm Vaccination

54 Make Sure Poults are Ready to be Dumped

55 Brooder Management 1. Must get birds on feed and water to insure proper vaccination. 2. The 1 st cocci cycle takes place between day 5 and 6.

56 Having enough buildup and moisture is key for cocci to cycle

57 Building Immunity % Immunity % Immunity ,500-2, ,000-8, Day 1 1st Week 2nd Week 3rd Week 4th Week 0 Day 1 1st Week 2nd Week 3rd Week 4th Week Age Age Immune Potential IMMUCOX Immunity Immune Potential IMMUCOX Immunity % Immunity % Immunity ,000-40, ,000-15, Day 1 1st Week 2nd Week 3rd Week 4th Week 0 Day 1 1st Week 2nd Week 3rd Week 4th Week Age Age Immune Potential IMMUCOX Immunity Immune Potential IMMUCOX Immunity Immucox@vetechinc.com Dr. Bob Owens BVS

58 Things not to do! 1. Do not use products that have anticoccidial properties before 18 days of age. (Tetracycline's, Sulphas, Oregano oil, Amprol, Anticoccidials,). 2. If you are not sure it s probably not a good idea??????? 100 % Immunity Day 1 1st Week 2nd Week 3rd Week 4th Week Age Oocyst 150,000+ Immune Potential IMMUCOX Immunity

59 Take time to get it Right! AGE Mortality % Weekly Total Mort % Mort Days SUN MON TUE WED THR FRI SAT wk ending Mortality Wk ending Total days

60 Summary: The keys to Antibiotic Free Production Biosecurity Have a plan in place. Monitor and update as needed C&D Program Clean, Wash, Disinfect. Down time is Key Water sanitation Consistent control of bacteria Check Frequently!!!! Ventilation Controlling the environment Temp, Humidity, and CO ² Litter management - Dry! Dry! rebedding, tilling= Pathogen control Attention to detail Be Proactive not Reactive! All the above is needed to establish and keep Good Gut Health Keeping birds on feed is the best Medicine!

61 Thank you! Questions?