Suitability of soil and water conservation measures on sloping farmland in typical black soil regions of Northeast China

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1 (5) :44249 Science of Soil and Water Conservation Vol. 6 No. 5 Oct ,2, 2g, 1,2 (1.,430070, ;2.,100101, ), :, , > 15 ; ; ; ; Suitability of soil and water conservation measures on sloping farmland in typical black soil regions of Northeast China Chen Xue 1,2, Cai Qiangguo 2, Wang Xueqiang 1,2 (1. College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,430070,Wuhan ; 2. Institute of Geograhical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,100101,Beijing :China) Abstract Choosing the appropriate soil and water conservation measures has importance to control the losses of soil and water on sloping farmland in black soil region. In this paper, some control measures such as the contour ridge tillage, contour hedgerow intercropping, bench terrace have been studied, and it is found that they have different effects on soil and water conservation and play a high efficiency of soil and water conservation on sloping farmland with different gradient slope. So some kinds of control modes can be established, which is that, the contour ridge tillage should be used on the slope of 0-5 ; contour hedgerow intercropping should be used on the slope of 5-8 ; bench terrace should be used on the slope of 8-15 ; and returning farmland to forest, if the slop is more than 15. Key words slope, sloping farmland ; contour ridge tillage ; contour hedgerow intercropping ; bench terrace,,,,,,,,,,, [122 ], [324 ],,, ;,,, 1, 32,,,, : : : 973 (2007CB407207) : (1983 ),, :,GIS E2mail : com g : (1946 ),,, : E2mail : ac. cn

2 5 : 45,, km 2 ( 1), 10, 15,3 7, m, m, [1 ] 4147 km 2, 3719 %,, 8013 % [2 ], cm,, cm,,,,,,,, [1 ], 316 mm/ min,4 1 29,15 min 513 mm, 6 1 3,15 min 311 mm 3 5,, m,,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) [5 ] ( 1) 1 Tab. 1 Restrict of sloping length of contour tillage / ( ) / m Fig. 1 Areas of the typical black soil regions of Northeast China 2 211,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [6 ],, 54 % 80 %, 75 % 90 %( 2) ;,,,,, ( 5 ) 212

3 Tab. 2 Benefit of contour ridge tillage to soil and water conservation / ( ) / % ,,,,,,,,,,,, [7 ],, 213,,,, [829 ],,, 1),, 1970, 2),,,,,, ;,,, [10211 ] 3),,,, Phjiyanto [16 ], [12 ], (Lespedeza bicolor) [17 ] 1987, 2 m, 30 m (3, 3 ) 2215 m (5 ), % kg/ hm 2, % ; kg/ hm 2,, % 2319 %,, 70 %, kg/ hm 2, 2119 E. P. Paningbatan [13 ] , Makiling, ,12,4 [18 ] ( 8 12 ),2,,,,,, 9915 % ; 3 [14 ],, 25, 2 3 [15 ], 35,, 3,117, 45 %,,,,,9512 % ; 6416 % ;, 4919 %,

4 5 : 47, [19 ], ( 3),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [6],, 3 2 Tab. 3 Comparison between two kinds of terraces on different slop ( ) m / m m 3 hm - 2 hm ,,,,,,,,,, 3,,,,,,: 15,8 15,5 8, ,,, [6,18,20 ],,,, [20 ],6 9 15,, ;,,,,, 70 % 80 %,,, cm, cm, m, [17 ], ( 4),, %, % , t/ (km 2 a), 6416 % ;,, 50 % (2018 % 3311 %),,,,, 5, 5 4 Tab. 4 Annual average erosion modulus from the plots that with contour tillage and control plot t/ (km 2 a) (6 ) (7 ) (12 ) (7 ) (6 ) (7 ) (12 ) (7 ) / %

5 ,,,,5 8,, 3,, 7015 % 9313 %, 6919 % 8315 %,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( Amorpha fruticosa) ( Vetiver), 750 / hm 2, 2,60, ( Melaleuca alternifolia) ( Hemerocallis f ulva), ,,,, [12 ], (Lespedeza bicolor),,,, cm, cm,,, 5 8,,,,,, [21 22 ], :, ;, ;, ;,,, : ( Populus simonii P. nigra) ( Pinus sylvestris L. var. Mongolica litvin) ( Larch) ( Seabuckthorn) ,,,,,, [18 ],, %, %( 5),,,, 5 Tab. 5 Annual average erosion modulus from the plots with terrace and control plot (6 ) (7 ) (6 ) (7 ) t/ (km 2 a) / % ,,, 0 5,,,,,,,,

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