Pig breeding, selection and hybridisation in Italy

Transcription

1 Pig breeding, selection nd hybridtion in Itly Russo V. in Aumître A. (ed.). The production pig met in Mediterrnen Countries Pr : CIHEAM Options Méditerrnéennes : Série Etudes; n I 1989 pges Article vilble on line / Article dponible en ligne à l dresse : To cite th rticle / Pour citer cet rticle Russo V. Pig breeding, selection nd hybridtion in Itly. In : Aumître A. (ed.). The production pig met in Mediterrnen Countries. Pr : CIHEAM, p (Options Méditerrnéennes : Série Etudes; n I)

2 CIHEAM - Options Mediterrneennes 91 Pig breeding, selection nd hybridtion in Itly Vincenzo University Bologn - Itly During lst 15 herd hs stbilized t round hed. During sme period, per cpit consumption pork more thn doubled, pssing from doubled, while imports more thn tripled. As result se chnges, selfsufficiency during sme period declined from 80% 71% (Tble 1). 72% pig herd concentrted in in two regions where bout 4,500,000 pigs re bred, equl 50% 15% herd bred regions while sourn ccount for remining 13%. Anor interesting spect breeding tendency concentrte breeding in lrge frms. According dt from 1981 census, bout one third pig sck concentrted on only 1,864 breeding frms with more thn hed ech, nor third bred on 9,297 frms ech contining from bout 100 1,000 hed, while remining third bred on 989,701 frms with less thn hed ech. Th tendency concentrte, hs been ccentuted during pst few yer, true ll types breeding ctivity: reproduction, fttening nd closed cycle. Th met mets. These cn only be supplied pigs t n ge t lest months 1986). it weight hms nd necessity for nd not weight. The weight hm 40% vlue t lest 9.5 kg nd kg chieve finl minimum weight 7 selection - Productive trends tht high, live weight t hevy pig lst few finl live kg. minly used hevy pigs, but th becomes 142 kg Th type pig, 20% hs options

3 CIHEAM - Options Mediterrneennes 92 hevy pig. hm nd loin. lightweight pig hs lwys been one min objectives - breeds Even if become estblhed s sows The old locl in As (Tble 2). locl th, it becme estblhed s 74% wy hs lso been used in sme in kg pigs be becomes n nd Spot exceed 5% sesoned, slted its met do not Th estblhment its good ws due its known bility mintin good t hevy weights without ccumulting excessive quntities ft nd with efficiency, dpt nd excellent met qulity. The nd 210 2,219. lies in its use s X sow Th could become excludes negtive effects on met qulity. - Orgniztion genetic improvement 1978). 21% Book, ws nd, selection nd The whole ficil Assocition) 362

4 CIHEAM - Options Mediterrneennes ctivities, s shown Tble 3. ws bolhed t owing lck - Genelogicl selection The ll chieve size suitble high ptitude excellent qulity met even t in sttions. niml t effected ge bilities sows, judged estblhed both sows evlution nd pig low nd could test. The fct tht evlution could be chieved when t end its substitution test. Th ws test testing with combined becme only Up 1984, combined test ws effected testing piglets, two mle nd two kept in individul boxes nd fed hlf n twice dy. All in guge live weight gin, feed efficiency nd thickness t end evlution two effected mens selection index ok ll guged O 200 points. All who given V - Genetic control sttions evlution Thus ccomplhed, combined test hs mde it possible use sttion cpcities mximum with checks on s shown dt publhed AAS (1985) nd indicted in Tble 5. tl cpcity 1,296 plces mking it possible check bout , combined test ws begn in while ltest Until 1979, genetic evlution effected mens method, but with n weight, fixed t The test mles ws The finl test now 145 kg. pigs, two now consts femle. hevy pig. (Tble 4), th testing system efficient with Finl evlution done with selection index, on one hnd, tkes in ccount dily liveweight gin, feed efficiency nd

5 CIHEAM - Options Mediterrneennes 94 on been one when live weight 95 kg hs been with selection index only tkes in ccount cn be guged in Th lightweight pig kg, y evluted mens selection index tkes in ccount dily live weight gin nd AAS method index on done nd choice gilts - qulity nd hlothne test - Artificil insemintion how met qulity wtch t end combined vlue nd muscles. The dt obtined keep vlues Th in n investigtion done t level in 4.1% bout 1,000 exmined hd PSE met nd only 0.5% hd met et l., 1985). To now selection sensitivity, s known, ssocited with PSE. end 1978, hlothne test ws n initil eliminte whole test gives positive low in only it now if only one possible hlothne positive Y 1981, nd 11% while se 0.16% nd in ). been ficilly - Frm performnce test gilts test mselves. Gilts in nd, when no ficil use in pigs. ficil estimted tht 56% ll sows used effect cttle, lso collect nd semen. On whole, it 300 even less used s mens, in fct, only used on AAS th cn be given only combined test t lest 180 evlution nd sons on becomes definitive if positive testing chieved vi combined test young. Book - 50 sows 15 compnies Of se, two sole gents compnies nd only del with multipliction options

6 CIHEAM - Options Mediterrneennes Of lightweight pigs nd hevy nimls. middle 1960s while ll 1970 On whole, nd dt supplied se compnies, bout 50,000 on sows 750,000 including use belonging two sows in 1517% tl. Th objective ttined use on single type sow obtined lines. cse use cse hevy pigs, s sows used. nimls. Th hs minly been due fct genetic ficil Stte s now been n live weight kg schemtizing, it tht t live weight nd lmost exclusively used for consumption even cooked hm nd Buitti V., Utiliztion nd evlution Pig production in April St ttule dell suinicoltur in - migliormen genetico dell produzione suiniccl per selezione e per Rss. - AAS, Ufficio Centrle del AAS, Genelogico, V., Bosi nd met qulity chrctertics in pig. Evlution nd Control EC Seminr 21 nd 22 ovember. types one suitble two G., di prove condotte su lcune linee di suini sotposti l test lotno - 27, (l), 41.

7 CIHEAM - Options Mediterrneennes ~ Totl pig popultion sows Tble 1: Evolution pig breeding in I 1970 I 1980 ns 8,980, , , ,300 12, ,100 8,928, , , ,500 25,500 1,191, ~~ ~ 9,169, ,000 11,120,000 5,160, ,000 16,280,000 Self-sufficiency % cpit consumption : Tble 2 umber pigs vrious breeds regtered Book in 1984 Totl - ~~ 1, ,475 2, l i 5 32,434 9, ,795 spot Totl 1,911 44,551 15,740 62, ,180 12, , : Ans options

8 ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. I CIHEAM - Options Mediterrneennes 97 Tble 3: pigs in spot 2 66 Tble 4: White in 1960 nd 1977 I I 1977 ~ I g I I 592 I Totl len cuts FU/kg % mm % cuts Totl ft % I l