EXPO 2015 Milano Agroecological transition built upon farmers skills and knowledge

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1 EXPO 2015 Milano Agroecological transition built upon farmers skills and knowledge Philippe Pointereau

2 Context and challenges in France Context A loss of agricultural land every year (100,000 ha/year), A decrease in biodiversity, water quality, air quality, and soil quality Climate change starts to modify the agricultural pattern +12% of population growth in 2050 in France with additional need Challenges Feeding better the French population and some other countries in 2050 Increasing agrosystems resilience to climate change Reducing GHG emissions from agriculture (by a factor of 4) Enhancing food and energy self sufficiency Meeting future needs in bioenergy and biomaterials 2 2

3 Cimate change in France? Serious draughts Scénario A2 RCP

4 Evolution of the vegetal production per inhabitant Valeur énergé que de l'ensemble des produc ons végétales agricoles par habitant Draughts 1976 and 2003 Valeur annuelle, GJ/hab moyenne centrée mobile sur 10 ans Value of vegetal productions, grains, fodder, grazing,

5 Change the diet 5 5

6 A sharing platform Promote the skills and the knowledge of innovative farmers to improve the transfer and accelerate the transition Description of agroecological practices in an operational point of views Understand and communicate : performances, strengths, weaknesses, annual monitoring Go with farmers toward transition of their farming systems and practices 6 6

7 Originality of the project A sharing plateform to transfer experiences and contribute to the development agroecological practices. Pioneer farmers speaking to farmers Farmer s skills and knowledge Global approach Scientific knowledge Exhaustive global approach Process description Technical presentation Experimentation / innovation Assessement of the performances diagnosis A diversity of systems and practices with annual monitoring 7 7

8 Agroecological principles Adaptation from Altieri Optimise nutrient cycles (cover crops, legumes, mixed farming, recycling on-farm nutrients, ) Minimize rare and non renewable resources (mineral fertilizers, pesticides, fuel, water for irrigation, phosphorus, ) Maintain natural resources (water, soil, air, biodiversity) Promote genetic diversity (varieties, landraces, local seeds) Promote the resilience of the systeme (diversification, autonomy, adaptation to local conditions) Participate to local food system ( labelling, food processing at farm level, direct marketing, ) Promote ecological services (pollination, carbon storage, biological control) 8 8

9 Sustainable agriculture for 21st century soil, preserving the fertility: Preservation of soil structure, organic matter, soil ecology, cover crops, low tillage, direct seeding, agroforestry, Agroecology, reducing the chemical inputs Conservation agriculture Integrated production (IOBC) Long rotations, mixed crops, seed selection, Biological control => Ecological Focus Area for predators, parasitoïds and pollinators: extensive grasslands, hedges, buffer strips, => limit mineral nitrogen and pesticides uses and water consumption 9 9

10 1010 Farming systems for the future Cover crops hedge s 1 plot = 4 or 5 outputs Associated crops AgroForestry

11 Climate change : A network of 120 farms in EU Results : Diversified farming systems Potential for reduction of GHG and energy achieved (10 to 40%) Manual including all the results and case studies DVD with examples from each country More information:

12 An example : Roger and Denis Beziat Farm in the South West of France in Conservation Agriculture 172 ha of crops, 2 UTH South West, high sensibility to erosion, periurban area, 638 mm of rain, 200 days of wind Long rotation with 6 main crops+ 4 intercrops = 10 crops in 6 years 1212

13 Crop system: results GHG emissions: 30% lower than average emissions in crop system Carbon storage: compensation of 61% of the GHG emissions 1313