ANALYZING RISKS IN SAFETY AND SECURITY OF FOOD USING GREY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS

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1 Intenational Jounal of echanical Engineeing and Technology (IJET) Volume 9, Issue 12, Decembe 2018, pp. 9 19, Aticle ID: IJET_09_12_002 Available online at aeme.com/met/issues.asp?jtype=ijet&vtype= =9&IType=12 ISSN Pint: and ISSN Online: IAEE Publication Scopus Indeed ANALYZING RISS IN SAFETY AND SECURITY OF FOOD USING GREY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS Yogesh uma Shama, Pavin P. Patil Depatment of echanical Engineeing, Gaphic Ea (Deemed to be) Univesity Dehadun, Uttaakhand, India Sachin uma angla Plymouth Business School (PBS), Univesity of Plymouth, United ingdom ABSTRACT Due to food contamination consumes do not tust in the food poducts. Food safety and secuity is a majo poblem in most of the counties especially, India. Standads and egulations in India egading food safety and secuity is not good as developed counties. To attain safety and secuity in food, many hudles ae thee, isks being one of them. Risks ae defined as the pobability of having hazad in it and how much loss it can cause. Risks wee identified by liteatue suvey and epet s opinion and seven isks wee selected fo the study such as communication isk, stoage isk, govenment policy failue, tanspotation isk, financial isk, opeational isk and health isk. The objective of this study is to analyze the isks in food safety and secuity to minimize the loss of food. Gey elational analysis is an effective evaluation method which is accepted wold wide as multi citeion decision making issues (CD) especially used when thee is an ambiguity in the decisions. It is based on geometical mathematics which consist laws of entiety, nomality, poimity and symmety. The pojected appoach can incopoate the knowledge and epeience of the epets fo collecting thei esponses which was based on the scale given by epets. Afte evaluating all the isks in food safety and secuity, pocess isk attains the fist ank having gey elational gade of while economic isk holds the last position with gey elational gade of This study helps the highe authoities to take pope decision to minimize the loss of food. eywods: Food Safety, Food Secuity, ulti Citeion Decision aking, Gey Relational Analysis, Risks. 9 edito@iaeme.com

2 Yogesh uma Shama, Pavin P. Patil and Sachin uma angla Cite this Aticle: Yogesh uma Shama, Pavin P. Patil and Sachin uma angla, Analyzing Risks In Safety and Secuity of Food Using Gey Relational Analysis, Intenational Jounal of echanical Engineeing and Technology, 9(12), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION In the last few yeas, cases eading food safety and secuity ae inceased by a apid pace. Poblems of food safety and secuity bought a vast impact on ou lifestyle and which is showing the failue of secuity agencies (Bhat and Vasanthi, 2003; Schmidhube, 2007).Fo aising the economy of the county, effots ae to be made on impoving the food safety and secuity by means of isk eduction, financial pofits fo the domestic industy and positive effect fo food safety in the domestic food system (Boholm, et al., 201; ing, et al., 2017). Risks in food diectly affect the amount of food wastage o money loss fo the county. In ou county 30 % of the total population stave due to hunge and 10% of the population die evey yea. It is the necessity of the cuent situation to povide accuate and pecise infomation egading food safety and secuity to the consume and to egain thei tust on food poducts. As the county s food supply becomes woldwide and composite, decisions about policies epected at peventing contamination and sickness have tun out to be even moe impotant to the public s health. In geneal food safety anks as one of the highest pioities in most developed and developing counties, but in the est of the less pivileged wold moe fundamental needs of achieving the intenational wate sanitation tagets and food secuity emphasis is made on(zaccheo, et al., 2017). When dealing with food faud, most consumes ae concened with economically motivated adulteation (EA), which is one of the impotant factos that affect and undemine food safety, and food secuity, and may cause distubance of society stability (Zhong and Zheng, 2017; Aita, et al., 2017; Shama, et al., 2018). Food safety and secuity includes the contol on food bone illness isk and it is consistent access to an enough amount of food that is safe, healthy, and wholesome. Food safety and secuity is the safeguading of the own food fom national food supply chain and dangeous micobial and chemical agents(uyttendaele, et al., 201, Shama, et al., (2018).Risks play an impotant ole in food safety and secuity; and thee ae seveal types of isks i.e. opeational, health, communication, tanspotation, financial, stoage and govenment policies failue. The emaining of the aticle is as follows: Section 2, eplains the liteatue egading food safety and secuity; Section 3, descibes the eseach method applied fo the solution of the cuent poblem, Section, compises of gey elational gade, esults and management implications; Section, eplains conclusion, limitations and futue scope. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Safety and secuity in food is a big issue in Indian contet because of the inceasing cases of contamination. Risks elated to food safety and secuity is mentioned in the net section Risks in food safety and secuity Risk in food is a facto that influence the lifestyle of human beings as well thei health. Risk is a situation whee the pobability of dange is uncetain (angla, et. al., 201, angla, et. al., 201, angla, et. al., 201).Activities associated with food poduction and handling involve isks. Detemination of isk is estimated by the pecentage of loss occued. By minimizing the food isks, food safety and secuity gets contolled automatically (angla, et. al., 201,Shama, et al., 2018). Risks elated to food safety and secuity is mentioned in the Table edito@iaeme.com

3 Analyzing Risks In Safety and Secuity of Food Using Gey Relational Analysis Table1 Risks in food safety and secuity S.No. 1 Risks in Safety and secuity of Food Communication isk (CR) 2 Stoage isk (SR) 3 Govenment policy failue (GP) Tanspotation isk (TR) Economic isk (ER) Pocess isk (PR) 7 Health isk (HR) Desciption Impope communication between supplie and eceive is a isk fo food safety and secuity. Scacity of skilled labous and impope infastuctue fo stoage. Failue of puchasing goods fom fames and the policy they make fo them ae also a isk in food safety and secuity Availability of tucks, cold chain and skilled dives is a isk fo tanspotation and it affects the food safety and secuity Fluctuation in the cuency ates and lack of funding fom the souces is a isk fo food safety and secuity Impope design, waning devices and impope taining of employees affects the food safety and secuity Uses of fetilizes and misuse of food additives ceates isks fo food safety and secuity Authos Piamuthu and Zhou, (201); Zhong and Zheng, (2017). Bizikova, et al., (2013); Vege and Boobis, (2013); Akhta, (201); Petesen, et al., (2017). Demeitt, et al., (201); Zhou, (2017); Petesen, et al., (2017); Schmidhube and Tubiello, (2007); Speie, et al., (2011); Lu, et al., (201); Zupaniec, et el., (2017). Yang and Li, (2010); Cheng, et al., (201); ing, et al., (2017). avin, et al., (2013); Spink, et al., (2017); Geng, et al., (2017). Patick, et al., (200); Tienekens and Zuubie, (2008); Alavanja, (2009); Alavanja and Bonne, (2012); Cavalho, (2017); Spanoghe, (2017); Jiao, et al., (2017). 3. SOLUTION ETHODOLOGY The impotance of isks in food safety and secuity is evaluated with the help of GRA (Gey Relational Analysis) appoach and it also deals with CD issues. It is mostly applied when thee is an ambiguity in decision making. The solution methodology used in the pesent study fo evaluation of the isks in food safety and secuity is eplained in figue Gey elational analysis (GRA) GRA(Gey elational analysis) is an efficient assessment appoach which is globally used in CD poblems paticulaly whee thee is uncetainty in the decision making (Deng, 1982, 1989;Wen, 201). It achieves assessment by computing the association of individual facto to a pefect solution (Hashemi, et al, 201; Song, et al., 201; Jiang, et al., 2017). In geneal, GRA has five steps and they ae as follows: Step one: Collect the initial assessment values fom epets and make decision mati. A decision mati is constucted as: 11 edito@iaeme.com

4 Yogesh uma Shama, Pavin P. Patil and Sachin uma angla D = m m 2 L L O 1 n 2 n mn 1 Liteatue Review Data collection Geneate a decision mati Calculate efeence sequence and deviation sequence Detemining the gey elational coefficient Detemining the gey elational gade Ranking the isks by gey elational gade Fig.1 Reseach flowchat whee (1 i< m, 1 j n) indicates the calculated value ofthei th data sequence with egad to citeion j. Step two: Nomalization and efeence sequence: Pefom data nomalization fo all the decision matices individually. Smalle - thebette is the cost citeion. = ma ma i ( ) i ( ) ( ) min i 2 Step thee: Afte pefoming second step, all the citeia have been conveted to the categoy of the smalle-the-bette. Thenthe nomalized mati is fomulated as R = m m 2 O 1n 2 n mn In addition, the efeence sequence is eplained as = edito@iaeme.com

5 Analyzing Risks In Safety and Secuity of Food Using Gey Relational Analysis Then the diffeence mati is fomulated as = m m 2 O 1n 2 n mn Step fou: Detemining the gey elational coefficient: γ = + ξ min + ξ ma ma Whee, j ξ ( 0 ξ 1) is the distinguishing coefficienti.e., used to maintain the gey elational coefficient ange; usually jξ = 0. (RajeshandRavi, 201). Step five: Calculate gey elational degee and ank the factos accodingly. Γ i = n w j j = 1 n j = 1 = 1 [ ] w j γ, 7 whee, w j is the weight of the jth citeion. Coelation between efeence sequence and compaed sequence is epesented by gey elational degee. Based on gey elational degee, the pioity anking can be estimated. The one with the highest gade of elation is known as the best solution.. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the pesent study data was collected with the help of epet s views i.e. elated to ating scale accoding to thei impact fo isks in food safety and secuity. Seven isks (CR,SR,GP,TR,ER,PR,HR) wee identified fom the liteatue and epets view, aleady mentioned in Table 1. Based on the scale mentioned in Table2, data is detemined fom epet s views. Afte the bain stoming session with epet s and academicians we made the scale. Table 2: Scale is based on the epet s view /opinion S.No. Citeia Values 1 No influence 0 2 Etemely Low influence 1 3 Vey low influence 2 Low influence 3 edium influence High influence 7 Vey high influence 8 Etemely high influence edito@iaeme.com

6 Yogesh uma Shama, Pavin P. Patil and Sachin uma angla Table 3 Detemination of data of isks in food safety and secuity S.No. Risks in food safety and secuity Epet 1 Epet 2 Epet 3 1 Communication Risk (CR) 2 Stoage Risk (SR) 3 Govenment policy failue (GP) Tanspotation Risk (TR) Economic Risk (ER) 7 7 Pocess Risk (PR) Health Risk (HR) 3 Fist collecting the values fom epet s and constucts the decision mati by using equation (1) D = Afte fomulation of nomalization decision mati and efeence is done fo the cost citeia by using equation (2) mentioned in (Table ). Table : Nomalization and efeence sequence fo isks in food safety and secuity Risks efeence Epet 1 Epet 2 Epet 3 sequence CR SR GP TR ER PR HR R = Net is the deviation sequence of the efeence sequence is calculated with the help of equation () and it is mentioned in (Table ). follow: Investigating the data pesented in Table () ( ) and ma min ( ) is obtained and is as 1 edito@iaeme.com

7 Analyzing Risks In Safety and Secuity of Food Using Gey Relational Analysis ( ) = ( 2) = ( 3) = 1 = ma ( ) = ( 2) = ( 3) = 1 = min Table : Deviation sequence Deviation sequence (1) (2) (3) CR SR GP TR ER PR HR Net, by using the equation () and (7),the gey elational coefficient and the gey elational gade is calculated i.e. stated in Table. Table : Calculate Gey elational coefficient and gey elational gade 1 Deviation sequence γ = ( ξ 1 + ξ 2 + ξ 3 ) Rank (1) (2) (3) 3 CR SR GP TR ER PR HR Risks in food safety and secuity also incease the stess fo the higheauthoities. The pesent study eplains the gey elational gade and thei ank accodingly; Pocess Risk (PR) achieves the maimum gey elational gade (GRG) in the list having value of (0.800) and it affects the food safety and secuity vey much. anages need to give moe attention on (PR) fo educing the isk in food safety and secuity. One should povide pope infomation, taining of the employees and waned about the devices which ae used. The devices should be manufactued safely and design fo minimum isks duing the manufactuing of any poduct (Stadlmülle, et al., 2017).It is clealy mentioned in the pevious studies that pocess isk attains moe impotance fom the decision makes (ital, et al., 2017;Stadlmülle, et al., 2017).Pocess Risk equies moe attention fom the decision make side to ovecome the isks in food safety and secuity; Health Risk (HR) attains the 2 nd place in the (GRG) list having value of (0.700). Health Risk is one of the impotant isk in aspect of food safety and secuity, because health is diectly affected by food contamination, misuse of food additives, moe uses of fetilizes in the faming and micobiological hazads. Decision makes encouage thei employees egading safety in food pocessing and encouage fames to use oganic manue in place of fetilize to educe the isk of health. Accoding to (Wold Health Oganization, 2017)the human health isks elated with antimicobial use in food; Stoage Risk (SR) comes at the 3 d place in the (GRG) list having value of (0.90) and is mostly affects the food safety secuity of food. Impope infastuctue, stoage places and unskilled labous 1 edito@iaeme.com

8 Yogesh uma Shama, Pavin P. Patil and Sachin uma angla inceases the level of isk in food safety and secuity. In the newspape food safety and secuity elated news is thee and which is mainly because of impope infastuctue of stoed food. anages wok on it to educe the impact of it on food safety and secuity (Södeqvist, 2017). Govenment policy failue (GP) comes at the th place in the (GRG) list having value of (0.8). Govenment policy failue diectly affects the fims as well as food poduce to maintain the quality of food. It plays an impotant ole to minimize the isk of food safety and secuity (aptan, et al., 2017).Decision makes keep in mind the negatives aspects of policy befoe making them and the failue of it inceases the isk in food safety and secuity. Tanspotation Risks (TR) comes at the th position in the (GRG) list having value of (0.80). It also inceases the isk in food safety and secuity by means of unskilled tuck dives, not implementing cold chain and impope sanitation duing the tanspotation of food fom one place to anothe place. Now days tanspotation is a big isk fo food as well envionment and it equies moe attention fom decision make s side (Hu, et al., 2017).Communication Risk (CR) holds the2 nd last position in the (GRG) list having value of (0.). CR is impotant duing the collection and deliveing of food fom industy to the maket and local aeas. When thee is a miscommunication between the supplie and eceive, it causes isk in food safety and secuity (Ovebey, et al., 2017).Decision makes may clea the misconceptions between the selles and the poduce of food to educe the isk of safety and secuity. Economic Risk (ER) having value of (0.300) comes at the last in (GRG) list. Economic isk comes when thee is a fluctuation o inflation in the cuency ates (Fan, et. al., 2017).It attains less value in the list and the impact of it is lesse than othe isks on food safety and secuity.. CONCLUSION/LIITATIONS The final aim of this eseach is to analyze the isks in food safety and secuity to minimize the food loss by using GRA (gey elational analysis) CD appoach. Risks in food safety and secuity diectly affect the population of the county. Seven isks (CR,SR,GP,TR,ER, PR, HR) elated to food safety and secuities wee analyzed and pocess isk (PR) comes at the fist place and economic isk (ER) holds the last position. In the cuent study the esults clealy show thei effect on the safety and secuity of food. In the pesent days the news of food adulteation, food contamination is common thoughout the globe and it affects the pesonal health as well as county s health. Risks in food safety and secuity also incease the buden of policy makes and govenment. GRA appoach is mostly used fo CD poblems whee thee is uncetainty in decision; decision makes ae not able to decide the best esult. GRA appoach is used in many fields like manufactuing, automobile, medical and management.gra appoach has its own limitations. In the futue we pay moe stess to ovecome the limitations of GRA by integating the GRA with AHP (Analytic Hieachy Pocess) appoach, VIOR (VIseiteumskaOptimizaca I ompomisnoresenje), DEATEL (Decision aking Tial and Evaluation Laboatoy odel) and Fuzzy theoy. By using fuzzy theoy with GRA appoach uncetainty may be educed and the esults should be moe pecise. ACNOWLEDGENT The authos acknowledge and epess the gatitude fo the suppot of the eseach facilities and funds povided by the Depatment of echanical Engineeing, Gaphic Ea (Deemed to be) Univesity, Dehadun, India. 1 edito@iaeme.com

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