9/13/2011. UNICEF conceptual framework on the causes malnutrition. Manifestation. Immediate. causes. Underlying. causes.

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1 conceptual linkages between agriculture & nutrition Andrew Jones, PhD Post Doctoral Fellow Division of Nutritional Sciences Cornell University September 8, 0 Survival, growth & development Manifestation Dietary Health Immediate causes Household food security Care for children and women Health services & y Underlying causes Information, education, communication UNICEF conceptual framework on the causes malnutrition Resources & control (Human, economical & organizational) Political & ideological superstructure Economic structure Potential resources Basic causes Source: UNICEF, 990

2 food security Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet availability their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and y life. World Food Summit, Bangladesh famine availability vulnerability utilization PATHWAYS FROM AGRICULTURE TO NUTRITION resource repletion & depletion inputs food individual dietary nutrition infrastructure & implements farm labor

3 other farm & non farm labor transfers & remittances credit income & food value chain factors food Source: Hawkes, 0 adding value to beans in Uganda problem high postharvest losses of bean bean preparation market other farm & non farm labor transfers & remittances credit income & solution thru value chain approach improving postharvest drying and storage processing to increase nutrient bioavailability and decrease cooking time food value chain factors food HKI group marketing strategy food & nonfood prices market other farm & non farm labor transfers & remittances credit income & food value chain factors food

4 food share of total expenditure of the poorest 0% of the population market other farm & non farm labor transfers & remittances food & nonfood prices credit income & food value chain factors food Source: World Bank Development Economics and Data Group, 0 from maize to sugarcane in Kenya to services breastfeeding complementary feeding child food child dietary amount, consistency, nutrient content meal frequency preparation p & storage complementary feeding adult dietary adult & complementary feeding breastfeeding to services child responsive feeding supplements & fortificants food child dietary feeding during illness

5 adult & factors affecting intrauterine growth nutrient bioavailability child low birthweight child dietary child Source: Kramer, 987; Rasmussen, 007 cross cutting linkages inputs exposure to pesticides, toxins, allergens. food security. direct and nutrition impacts of livelihoods zoonoses, contamination of food and water (e.g. with feces, microbes, chemicals, toxic metals) adult & infrastructure & implements water associated vector borne diseases child & farm labor occupational risks cross cutting linkages the zero sum game. food security. direct and nutrition impacts of livelihoods child care. time and labor allocation maternal and care incomeearning activities Source: McGuire and Popkin, 989

6 the zero sum game barriers to improving feeding 70 child care rep ported barriers maternal and care incomeearning activities Source: McGuire and Popkin, 989 adult & cross cutting linkages. food security farm labor other farm & non farm labor domestic labor. direct and nutrition impacts of livelihoods. time and labor allocation income & breastfeeding and complementary feeding. poor nutrition affects productivity and income earning potential child adult & cross cutting linkages nutrient bioavailability. food security child dietary child. direct and nutrition impacts of livelihoods income & work capacity mortality morbidity physical growth disability re chronic disease. time and labor allocation. poor nutrition affects productivity and income earning potential school performance cognitive development & intellectual ability. household decisionmaking 6

7 PATHWAYS FROM AGRICULTURE TO NUTRITION PATHWAYS CLIMATE CHANGE FROM GLOBALIZATION AGRICULTURE MIGRATION TO NUTRITION INSTITUTIONS POPULATION GROWTH CULTURE & FAMILY POLICY ENVIRONMENT zoonoses, vector borne diseases, occupational risks income time & labor, A B C food individual dietary nutrition food individual dietary nutrition diminished work capacity/earning potential landless laborers 7

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9 CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBALIZATION MIGRATION INSTITUTIONS POPULATION GROWTH CULTURE & FAMILY POLICY ENVIRONMENT zoonoses, vector borne diseases, occupational risks income time & labor, A B C food individual dietary nutrition diminished work capacity/earning potential landless laborers 9

10 CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBALIZATION MIGRATION INSTITUTIONS POPULATION GROWTH CULTURE & FAMILY POLICY ENVIRONMENT occupational risks adult & spread of disease via migratory labor zoonoses, co ontamination of food and water (e.g. with feces, microbes, chemicals, toxic metals) water associated vector borne diseases exposure to pesticides, toxins, allergens adult dietary domestic labor market food & nonfood prices management decision breastfeeding resource repletion & depletion transfers & C credit remittances other farm complementary & non farm infrastructure farm labor feeding labor & implements income & inputs al factors food value chain external factors management food management decision assistance decision A B food child dietary mycotoxins infrastructure & implements income to waste/loss storage & inputs services loss of labor & diminished work capacity costs/diminished earning potential farm labor hired labor school performance to services micronutrient child powders & supplements nutrient bioavailability child mortality morbidity physical growth disability re chronic disease cognitive development & intellectual ability low birthweight Co sponsors Program in International Nutrition Community Nutrition Program Food, Agriculture and Nutrition Group Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development South Asia Program Office of the Vice Provost for International Relations 0